PHRASESA phrase is a group of related words without a subject or predicate. It is not a sentence.

There are 4 kinds of phrase:Prepositional phrases Participial Phrase Gerund Phrase Infinitive Phrase

A. Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and is followed by the object of preposition.

Exp: 1. I usually eat dinner in a restaurant downtown.2. He answered my question at once. 3. On Saturday morning I often take walk .4. Rossye met her boy friend under an oak tree. 5. The students read in the library. 6. Chinese printers created the first paper money in the world.

B. Participial Phrase covers an ing or V-3 form of the verb and some other related word or words.1. The man sitting over there is Joesuncle.2. Students planning to join the robot contest will be excused.3. The plane flying overhead is a jet.4. The student chosen to attend the seminar comes on time.5. The child hit by a motorcycle is recovering.

C. Gerund Phrase A gerund phrase is composed of the ing form of a verb and one or more related words.

Exp.: Swimming in the ocean is fun.2. Working hard produces results.3. Jogging every morning is good for our health.4. I enjoyed doing my homework.5. The watchman admitted having been asleep at the time of the robbery.

D. Infinitive Phrase An infinitive phrase is composed of an infinitive and one or more related words (modifiers,complement, objects).Exp.: 1. He prefers to walk slowly.2. He works hard to support his sister. 3. To save money, he walked instead of taking the taxi.4. To be honest with you, Ive never cared much for Ed.5. It is foolish to leave her in a car alone.

E. Appositives An appositive is a word or phrase to clarify the main phrase. Restrictive is a must, while a non-restrictive can be omitted.

Exp.: Restrictive 1. The former president, Megawati conducts one-day seminar of global warning. 2. Miss World, Zhang Zilin is ready to go around the world.

Non-restrictive The director of STIKOM, Mr. Jangkung always says hello to the students and crew anytime he meets. The English lecturer of this class, Ms. Deswita explains the material in front of the class.