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8/8/2019 Php Basic Tutorial New

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www.virtual-solutions.in

PHP BASIC TUTORIAL

ARCHITECTURE

Dr.M.G.R.University PHP/MySQL Training September 13-18 2010 1


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WAMP

WAMPs are packages of independently-created programs installed on computers

that use a Microsoft Windows operating system.

WAMP is an acronym formed from the initials of the operating system Microsoft

Windows and the principal components of the package:

Apache, MySQL and PHP (or Perl or Python, although WAMP includes PHP

exclusively). Apache is a web server. MySQL is an open-source database. PHP is a

scripting language that can manipulate information held in a database and generate



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web pages dynamically each time content is requested by a browser. Other programs

may also be included in a package, such as phpMyAdmin which provides a graphical

user interface for the MySQL database manager, or the alternative scriptinglanguages Python or Perl.

WAMP is an integrated environment where we can use PHP, MySQL and Apache

webserver in Windows Operating System

Wamp Installation

Download latest version of WAMP from http://www.wampserver.com/en/.

The following screen schots are self-explanatory in the process of installing

the WAMP server in a Windows computer.



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After installing you can load the WAMP server and on loading it, you can find theWAMP tray in the taskbar at the right end. For the WAMP to work the Server has to

be put online and Start All The Services.



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If everything is working fine, the below given screen or the index.php file should be

displayed when localhost// is entered in any browser.



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The below given screenshots are self-explanatory for how to use phpmyadmin and tocreate database, tables, enter values in a table and related stuffs.



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Basics of PHP

Php Syntax

(or)

Print statement

Variables

There is no need to explicitly declare variables in php. The first value whichyou assign to the variable will decide the variable datatype.


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echo $x;?>

The Concatenation Operator

There is only one string operator in PHP.

The concatenation operator (.) is used to put two string valuestogether.

The strlen() function

The strlen() function is used to return the length of a string.

The strpos() function

The strpos() function is used to search for characterwithin a string.

If a match is found, this function will return the position of the first

match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.

Assignment Operators

Operator Example

= X=y

+= x+=y



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-= X-=y

*= x*=y

/= x/=y

.= x.=y

%= x%=y

Comparison Operators

Operator Description Example

== is equal to 5==8 returns false

!= is not equal 5!=8 returns true

is not equal 58 returns true

> is greater than 5>8 returns false

< is lesser than 5= is greater than or equal to 5>=8 returns false


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Control Statements

if statements

if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;

Sample code:

if...else Statements

if (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;else

code to be executed if condition is false;

Sample code:

if...elseif....else Statements

if (condition)code to be executed if condition is true;

elseif (condition) code to be executed if condition is true;

else code to be executed if condition is false;

Sample code:


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echo "Have a nice Sunday!";

elseecho "Have a nice day!";

?>

Switch Statements

switch (n)

{case label1: code to be executed if n=label1;break;

case label2: code to be executed if n=label2;break;

default: code to be executed if n is different from both label1 and label2;}

Sample code:

Array

A variable is a storage area holding a number or text. The problem is, avariable will hold only one value.

An array is a special variable, which can store multiple values in onesingle variable.

There are three kind ofarrays



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Numeric array - An array with a numeric index

Associative array - An array where each ID key is associated with

a value

Multidimensional array - An array containing one or more arrays

Numeric Arrays

There are two methods to create a numeric array.

o $cars=array("Saab","Volvo","BMW","Toyota");

o $cars[0]="Saab";$cars[1]="Volvo";$cars[2]="BMW";

$cars[3]="Toyota";

Sample code:

Associative Arrays

An associative array, each ID key is associated with a value.

When storing data about specific named values, a numerical array is not

always the best way to do it.

With associative arrays we can use the values as keys and assign valuesto them.

There are two methods to create a numeric array

o$ages = array("Peter"=>32, "Quagmire"=>30, "Joe"=>34);

o $ages['Peter'] = "32";$ages['Quagmire'] = "30";$ages['Joe'] = "34";

Sample code:


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$ages['Quagmire'] = "30";$ages['Joe'] = "34";

echo "Peter is " . $ages['Peter'] . " years old.";?>

Multidimensional Arrays

In a multidimensional array, each element in the main array can alsobe an array. And each element in the sub-array can be an array,and so on.

Sample code:

PHP Looping

While Loops

while (condition){code to be executed;}

While Loop:



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Do...while Statements

do{

code to be executed; }while (condition);

Sample code:

The for Loops

for (init; condition; increment){ code to be executed;}

Sample code:

The foreach Loop

foreach ($arrayas$value){



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code to be executed;}

Sample code:

PHP Function

function functionName(){code to be executed;

}

Method 1 Sample code:

Method 2 Sample code:


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echo $fname . " Refsnes" . $punctuation . "
";}

echo "My name is ";writeName("Kai Jim",".");

echo "My sister's name is ";writeName("Hege","!");

echo "My brother's name is ";writeName("Stale","?");

?>

Method 4 with Return Value Sample code:

HTML FORM

Name:
Age:

male

female

PHP Methods

Two types to pass the value from htmlto php are

GET method

POST method

GET METHOD:

$a=$_GET[name];



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where name is value from the user in get method.

POST METHOD:

$a=$_POST[name];

where name is value from the user in post method.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GET AND POST

When using GET method the values which are passed can be seen in

address bar.

But these values cannot be seen in address bar in POST method.

Basics of HTML FORMS

HTML FORM TEXT BOX

Name:
Age:

welcome.php

Form output:



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MENU/LIST

The tag is used to create a select list (drop-down list).

The tags inside the select element define the available optionsin the list.

Sample Code

Volvo

Saab

MercedesAudi

Output:



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MenuSample Code

Emo

Metal/RockHip Hop

Ska

JazzCountry

ClassicalAlternative

Oldies

Techno

Output

Radio

defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE one of a

limited number of choices



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Comments

The tag defines a multi-line text input control.

Sample Code

At W3Schools you will find all the Web-building tutorials you need, from basic HTML

to advanced XML, SQL, ASP, and PHP.

Output

Pictures

Can Upload Images using multipart/form-data

Sample Code:



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Output

Check Box

A small box on which an x or check mark appears when the option.

defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select

ONE or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

Sample Code

I have a bike



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I have a car

Output

HTML FORM EXAMPLE:

Name
Male
Female
I have a bike
I have a car
VolvoSaabMercedesAudi



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Post.php

Output



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PHP Date()

d - Represents the day of the month (01 to 31).

m - Represents a month (01 to 12).

Y - Represents a year (in four digits).

Sample code:

Output:

PHP include() Function

The include() function takes all the content in a specified file and includesit in the current file.

If an error occurs, the include() function generates a warning, but the

script will continue execution.

Homepage.php



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Modes Description

r Read only. Starts at the beginning of the file

r+ Read/Write. Starts at the beginning of the file

wWrite only. Opens and clears the contents of file; or

creates a new file if it doesn't exist

w+Read/Write. Opens and clears the contents of file; or

creates a new file if it doesn't exist

a Append. Opens and writes to the end of the file orcreates a new file if it doesn't exist

a+Read/Append. Preserves file content by writing to the

end of the file

xWrite only. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an

error if file already exists

x+Read/Write. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an

error if file already exists

Closing a File

Check End-of-file

if (feof($file)) echo "End of file";

Reading a File Line by Line



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Reading a File Character by Character

Write

Syntax: $myFile = "testFile.txt"; $fh = fopen($myFile, 'w');

Sample code:


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Cookies

A cookie is often used to identify a user. A cookie is a small file that the server

embeds on the user's computer. Each time the same computer requests a page with



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a browser, it will send the cookie too. With PHP, you can both create and retrievecookie values.

Sample code:

How to Retrieve a Cookie Value?

How to Delete a Cookie?

Sessions

A PHP session variable is used to store information about, or change settings for auser session. Session variables hold information about one single user, and areavailable to all pages in one application.

Session syntax:

Sample code:



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A Basic E mail Sending

Database Programming using PHP

PHP DATABASE mysql

MySQL is a database.

The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables.

A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns

and rows.

Connection to a MySQL Database:

Syntax: mysql_connect(servername,username,password);

Opening connection:


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// some code?>

Closing connection:

Create a Database:

Syntax: CREATE DATABASE database_name

Sample code:

Create a Database output:



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Create a Table

Syntax: CREATE TABLE table_name(column_name1 data_type,column_name2 data_type,column_name3 data_type,....

)

Sample code:

$con = mysql_connect("localhost","root","");


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)";echo "TABLES CREATED";

// Execute querymysql_query($sql,$con);

mysql_close($con);?>

Table output:

Insert Data Into a Database Table

INSERT INTO table_name

VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)

Sample code:


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if (!mysql_query($sql,$con)){

die('Error: ' . mysql_error());}

echo "1 record added";

mysql_close($con)?>

Insert from user output:



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Select Data From a Database Table

Syntax: SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_name

Sample code:

Select Data output:



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The WHERE clause

Syntax: SELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE column_name operator value

Sample code:


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Update Data In a Database

Syntax: UPDATE table_nameSET column1=value, column2=value2,...

WHERE some_column=some_value

Sample code:


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Delete Data In a Database

Syntax: DELETE FROM table_name WHEREsome_column = some_value

Sample code:


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User Authentication in PHP

Here are some authentication method that we'll discuss

Basic authentication

We hard code the username and password combination in the login script

itself. Suitable for simple application

User & password stored in database

A very common method. We store all the user name and password

information in the database

User authentication with image verification

This is a more advance method of user authentication. We can prevent

any automatic login by a robot ( script ) by using this method

User Authentication

Output:



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Basic javascript

What is JavaScript?

JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages

JavaScript is a scripting language

A scripting language is a lightweight programming language

JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages



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JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute

without preliminary compilation)

Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license

Basic javascript:

document.write("This is my first JavaScript!");

Sample code:

function valid()

var a=document.getElementById("login");var b=document.getElementById("password");

if(a.value=="" || b.value==""){

alert ("Fields are empty");}


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CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.

Styles define how to display HTML elements.

Syntax:

Id and Class

The id Selector #para1

{

text-align:center;color:red;

}

Class selector

center {text-align:center;}

Three Ways to Insert CSS

External style sheet

Internal style sheet

Inline style

External Style Sheet

Internal Style Sheet

hr {color:sienna;}p {margin-left:20px;}



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body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}

Inline Styles

This is a paragraph.

Css properties

Styling Backgrounds

background-color

background-image

background-repeat

background-attachment

background-position

Text formatting

color

text-align

text-decoration

text-transform

text-indent

Font

font-family

font-style

font-size

Links



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a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* unvisited link

a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* visited link

a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* mouse over link

a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* selected link

List

ul.a {list-style-type: circle;}

ul.b {list-style-type: square;}

ol.c {list-style-type: upper-roman;}

ol.d {list-style-type: lower-alpha;}

Where ul is unordered list and ol is ordered list.

Padding

padding-top;

padding-bottom;

padding-right;

padding-left;

padding-top:25px;

padding-bottom:25px;padding-right:50px;

padding-left:50px;

Can be written as

Padding: 25px 25px 50px 50px;

Grouping Selectors

h1{

color:green;}

h2{



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color:green;}

p{

color:green;}

Can be written as

h1,h2,p{

color:green;}

Examples of Css link:

Head Section:

Body Section

Children are the living messages we

send to a time we will not see. India, by one count, has 18 millionstreet children and over 22 million child laborers.

Millions of children go to bed eachnight, hungry and without the warmth of a home. Many have neitherbeen to school nor have access to basic healthcare.

stylesheet.css

.font{

font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;

}.font1{

font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;

font-size:11px;Color:#2887E1;}

PHP EDITORS

Dreamweaver

PHP designer



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Notepad

OPEN SOURCEOpen-source software (OSS) is computer software that is available in source codeform for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for

copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study,change, and improve the software.

PHP OPEN SOURCE CATEGORIES:

1. Content Management System(CMS)

2. Learning Management System (LMS)3. Social Networking

4. Ecommerce

5. Client Relationship Management(CRM)6. Blog

Content Management System1. Drupal

2. Joomla

Learning Management System1. Moodle

Social Networking1. Elgg2. Mahara

Ecommerce1. Oscommerce

2. Magento3. Zencart

Client Relationship Management1. Vtiger

2. Sugar CRM

Blog1. Wordpress



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OOPS CONCEPT IN PHP

OOP language should have:

Abstract data types and information hiding

Inheritance

Polymorphism

CLASSES

A class is technically defined as a representation of an abstractdata type. In laymen's terms a class is a blueprint from which newwill construct our box. It's made up of variables and functionsthat allow our box to be self-aware.

Sample Code


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}

$mybox = new Box("Jack");echo $mybox->get_whats_inside();

?>

Methods

To ask the box what it contains, the special get_whats_inside function wasused. Functions defined in the class are known as methods; they act as a

method for communicating with and manipulating the data within the box.

The nice thing about methods is that they allow us to separate all the classcoding from our actual script.

We could save all of the class code in a separate file and then use include to

import it into our script. Our scripts become more streamlined and, because

we used descriptive names for our methods, anyone else reading our codecan easily see our train-of-thought.

Sample Code

Extends

We could add more methods to our class, but what if we were buildingextensions to someone else's class? We don't have to create an entirelynew class to add new functionality. we can build a small extension classbased on the original.

Sample Code


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function get_shoe_size() {return $this->size;

}

}

$mybox = new ShoeBox("Shoes", 10);echo $mybox->get_whats_inside();echo $mybox->get_shoe_size();?>

The ability to write such modular additions to your code gives greatflexibility in testing out new methods and saves time by reusing thesame core code.

Constructor

Developers can declare constructor methods for classes. In this, those classes which

have a constructor method call this method for each newly created object. So, itis suitable for any initialization that the object may need before it is used. In this

the parent constructors are not called implicitly if the child class defines aconstructor.

Example


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function __construct() {

parent::__construct();

print "In ChildClass constructor\n";

}

}

$obj = new ParentClass();

$obj = new ChildClass();

?>

Destructors

This destructor concept is similar to other object oriented languages. In thisthe destructor will be called as soon as all references to a particular object

have been removed or when the object has been explicitly destroyed.

Example



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Patterns

Patterns are ways to describe best practices and good designs. The patternsshow a flexible solution to common programming problems.

Example

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