ASSIGNMENT OF PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS

TOPIC: LIST DOWN MINIMAL 10 EXAMPLES ( EACH) OF REDUPLICATION, DELETION, CLUSTER REDUCTION, BACKING & FRONTING

Submitted by:

Ayesha Aamir

REDUPLICATION

The child repeats the first syllable twice. For example, baba for bottle, or mamam for mommy.

EXAMPLESCorrect word Reduplication

1. Copy Coco

2. Table Tata

3. Bag Baba

4. Dog Dodo

5. Baby Baba

6. Cat Caca

7. Going Go go

8. Food Fofo

9. Jump Juju

10. Picture pipi

DELETION A particular way to alter the structure of a word is to

omit particular speech segments. There are two main speech segments that are typically deleted:

1. consonant deletion A. initial consonant deletion When the initial consonant in a word is left of B. final consonant deletion When the final consonant in a word is left of

2. weak syllables

When the weak syllable in a word is deleted

EXAMPLESINITIAL CONSONANT DELETION

words After deletion

Cup Up

Love uv

School cool

Boat Oat

Home Ome

Bunny unny

Book ook

Rat At

Stick Tick

Night ight

EXAMPLESFINAL CONSONANT DELETION

words After deletion

Cup Cuh

Dog Dah

Pig pick

Book Boo

Baba Bah

Mama Mah

Come cah

Read Ree

Fun Fu

Car ca

EXAMPLES:WEAK SYLLABLES

Words After deletion

Computer Putter

Banana Nana

Mobile Bile

School Cool

Guess Gess

Telephone Tephone

Elephant Ephant

Knock Nock

Butterfly Buttfly

Octopus ocpus

CLUSTER REDUCTION

When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant

1- Complete Cluster Reduction

2- partial cluster reduction

EXAMPLES:

Word After reduction

School Sool

Truck Tuck

Plane Pane

Plate Pate

Santa claus Santa caus

black back

Spoon Poon

Train Chain

Clean Keen

Hair air

FRONTING

When velar or palatal sounds, like /k/, /g/, and sh, ch, j  are substituted with alveolar sounds like /t/, /d/, and /s/

EXAMPLES

Words Fronting

Cookie tootie

Candy Tandy

Goat Toat

Ship sip

Car Tar

Copy Topy

Shop Top

Pack pat

Gum Tum

Go doh

BACKING

Backing occurs whenever a non-velar or non-glottal consonant (i.e. a bilabial, labio-dental, dental, alveolar, post-alveolar or palatal consonant) is substituted by a velar /k ɡ ŋ/ or glottal /h ʔ/consonant.

EXAMPLES

Words Backing

Dog Gog

Top Cop

Boat Boak

Bite Bike

Door Goor

Bun Gun

Car Tar

Pen Hen

Batting Gating

Lip kip