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Phoenix Convention Center • Phoenix, Arizona
Comprehensive Energy and Water Evaluations (CEWE) of Large Campus Facilities
Best practices and strategies for turning the EISA mandate into an opportunity
Agency Energy Manager
Energy Audits: Implementing Energy Audits and Turning Audits into Projects
Jim Woodward A and Kathryn Guy B
A Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy B Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
August 12, 2015
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade2
Agenda
• EISA 2007 requirements governing large Army campuses • CEWE best practices and strategies • Case studies to consider• Turning EISA CEWEs into project funding opportunities• Q&A
Pre-site visit CEWE investigation CEWE field audit Post-audit modeling
and analysis
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade3
• This presentation focuses on large Army installations, which are considered covered facilities subject to Section 432 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007)
• Unique CEWE challenges govern Army campuses with– Total covered facility square footage greater than 5 million – Large number of small to medium sized facilities– Wide variety of building types (e.g., admin, barracks, dining halls, simulators / labs)– Wide range of building vintages (i.e., pre-WWII to present)
• Targeted pre-audit analysis can maximize effectiveness of limited CEWE audit resources (i.e., available labor and time)
EISA 2007 and Large Army Campuses
To move the United States toward greater energy independence and security, …, to increase the efficiency of products, buildings, and vehicles, …, and to improve the energy performance of the Federal Government, and for other purposes… Energy managers shall complete, for each calendar year, a comprehensive energy and water evaluation for approximately 25 percent [of covered facilities] … in a manner that ensures that an evaluation of each such facility is completed at least once every 4 years. – EISA 2007 Section 432
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade4
• What is a CEWE?– Energy and water audit that considers the breadth of building systems
in sufficient depth
• Goals of a CEWE– Identification of cost effective energy and/or water conservation
measures (E/WCMs)
• More prescriptive CEWE practices yield more granular data offering host of benefits– “Boots on the ground” component highly recommended to
understand building performance– E/WCMs tailored to individual building characteristics– No cost, low cost strategies achieved via improved building operations
& maintenance (O&M)
Comprehensive Energy and Water Evaluations
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade
Recent CEWE Experience for the Army Garrison Area audited (sf) % of total area
Ft. Hamilton 500 K 77 %Ft. Benning 2.3 M 13 %Ft. Irwin 630 K 14 %Ft. Huachuca 1.3 M 23 %Redstone Arsenal 1.9 M 16 %Ft. Greely 600 K 56 %Ft. Wainwright 1.5 M 22 %Yakima Training Ctr 320 K 36 %
Joint Base Lewis-McChord
2.3 M 8 %
Ft. Leonard Wood 1.3 M 10 %Ft. Riley 1.7 M 14 %Ft. Campbell 1.7 M 10 %Fort Leavenworth 1.8 M 42 %Aberdeen Proving Ground
2.7 M 17 %
• Evaluations of 14 U.S. Army IMCOM installations over past 2 years, yielded:– 20.5 million SF
audited – $3.2 million in savings
identified• Efforts involved:
– Walk-through audits– Energy, water, and
retuning opportunity analyses
– Garrison training
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade6
• Prioritize buildings for walk-through audits by identifying those facilities with the greatest energy savings potential:– High energy use intensity– Known energy-management issues– Larger building footprints (greater progress towards EISA requirement)– Representative sample of campus building types
• Facility-specific data sources:– Real property inventories (RPI)– Building floorplans– Utility records (e.g., electricity, NG, propane, water, sewer)– Building automation system (BAS) trends
• Proactive data gathering ahead of a field investigation will expedite on-site audits and subsequent analyses
Pre-site Visit Investigation
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade7
• Coordination of logistics:– Address access / security issues– Develop a realistic building walk-down schedule– Assemble appropriate audit equipment– Identify locations of the candidate audit buildings
• Building audits:– Emphasize safety for ALL team members– Organize observations by E/WCM category– Identify no-cost, low-cost measures for quick implementation– Target larger capital-intensive opportunity areas
• These “best practices” increase likelihood of project development by the garrison
On-Site Visit Investigation
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade8
• Unified audit form• Collect information that
supports the chosen analysis method
• Coordinate notes with photos
• Benefit to garrison beyond CEWE focus – Note maintenance issues– Highlight safety concerns
Organized Data Collection for On-Site Visit
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade9
Tools that Assist a CEWE Site Visit
Environmental Meters (lighting, wind speed)
Water Flow Rate Bag
Ballast Checker(magnetic or electronic)
Thermal Imaging Camera
CameraTape Measures
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade10
• Translate field results into E/WCM project funding opportunities
• Approach should be:– Systematic and repeatable to ensure project savings can be verified– Employ tools to determine life-cycle cost (LCC) effectiveness and pay
back period (<25 yr; 10 yr preferred) of individual E/WCMs
• Tools can range from simple spreadsheets to more robust numerical modeling platforms• Balance rigor / depth of E/WCM analyses
with available resources to determine optimal level of effort
Post-Audit Analysis
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade11
www.pnnl.gov/FEDS
• An easy-to-use modeling platform for identifying energy retrofits that maximize LCC savings
• Provides detailed project identification based on evaluation of thousands of candidate ECMs via a site-optimized approach– Site-specific labor and energy material cost assumptions based upon
RSMeans
• Key features of FEDS include:– Hourly modeling simulation that captures building system interactions– Scalable inputs and modeling flexibility– Explicit modeling of electric demand including
the impact of ratchets – Certificate of Networthiness (CoN) for Army
users
• FEDS Release 7.0 now available
Facility Energy Decision System (FEDS)
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade12
• It is best to evaluate ECMs using detailed marginal electricity rates– Appropriately value electric savings
when they occur (what is the value of a kWh saved?)
– Consider demand charges, ratchets, and seasonal and time-of-use variations
• Results in more accurate ECM identification and often greater cost savings potential
Energy Rates – Electric Rate Schedule Details Matter
Blended Rate = Averaged $/kWh
Marginal Rate = Actual $/kWh
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade13
• Older chiller replacements determined cost effective considering significant demand charges associated with peak cooling hours
More Sophisticated Energy Rate Analyses Yield Greater ECM Savings Potential
Results from a medium-sized troop intake garrison located in the U.S. MidwestPredominate building types – barracks, admin-office (1970s – 1990s)
Building Envelope HVAC Lighting Domestic Hot Water Motors$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
Marginal electricity cost analysis Average electricity cost analysis
Pote
ntial
Ann
ual S
avin
gs ($
/yea
r)
37% increase in potential HVAC project savings
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade14
Building Envelope HVAC Lighting Domestic Hot Water Motors$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
$140,000
$160,000
$180,000
$200,000
Marginal electricity cost analysis Average electricity cost analysis
Pote
ntial
Ann
ual S
avin
gs ($
/yea
r)• High summer peak electricity rates justify additional
deployment of measures to reduce building cooling loads (LED lighting and building envelope improvements)
ECM Interaction Effects Provide Building Operational Synergies
Results from a medium-sized garrison located in the U.S. Southeast having a research / testing missionPredominate building types – laboratories, electronic simulators (1960s – early 2000s)
94% increase in potential building envelope project savings
166% increase in potential lighting project savings
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade15
Wide Range of E/WCM Retrofits Offer Campuses Variety of Cost Savings Alternatives
Joint Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM), WA
Redstone Arsenal, AL
Ft. Leonard Wood, MO
Ft. Campbell, KY
$0 $100,000 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000
Energy Cost Savings by E/WCM ($/yr)
HVAC Controls Lighting Building Envelope Water
8% of 29 million SF footprint evaluated
16% of 12 million SF footprint evaluated
10% of 13 million SF footprint evaluated
10% of 17 million SF footprint evaluated
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade16
• Robust LCC tools result in defensible E/WCMs that readily translate to shovel-ready projects– JBLM currently partnering with Army Corps to implement E/WCMs via
appropriated funds– Army Corps verifying FEDS project cost estimates during E/WCM
design phase
– Ft. Campbell implementing E/WCMs via new task order with on-going UESC
• E/WCMs vetted through more rigorous analyses provide installations competitive advantage when pursuing project funding opportunities
Comprehensive Analytics Yield E/WCM Projects with Increased Implementation / Funding Potential
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade17
• Training site personnel on CEWE process and techniques, to:– Perform on-site building walkthrough audits – Gain hands-on modeling experience– Review building operation and re-tuning options – Identify cost-effective projects and reporting methods
• Enables staff to:– Perform in-house CEWE audits and analyses– Better understand CEWE results and project
recommendations to support implementation– Build upon site energy models delivered as
part of the results package
CEWE Training & Support Empowers Sites
Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability for the Next Decade18
• The CEWE methodology provides a systematic, value-add approach to meet the EISA auditing requirements and maximize a given installation’s E/WCM savings potential
• This robust and consistent process positions campus sites for ongoing success
Summary
