philip freneau-yek.docx

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Philip Freneau

(Philip Morin Freneau; Nueva York, 1752 - Middleton Point, NuevaJersey, 1!2" Poeta estadounidense# Parti$ip% de &or'a a$tiva enlas lu$has por la independen$ia# e$ho prisionero por los)rit*ni$os, evo$% esta e+perien$ia en La nave britnica de

presos(171"# u o)ra do$trinal le e'parenta $on los pensadoresde las u$es, pero en sus o)ras l.ri$as 'ani&est% una sensi)ilidadprerro'*nti$a#

Philip Morin Freneau pertene$i% a una &a'ilia ri$a y $ulta, des$endiente dehu/onotes &ran$eses, y re$i)i% su pri'era &or'a$i%n de pro&esoresparti$ulares, hasta 0ue &ue enviado a la universidad 0ue '*s tarde re$i)ir.ael no')re de Prin$eton; all. se /radu% en 1771 y tuvo el honor de re$itar enla $lausura del ao es$olar su poes.a The rising Glory of America, es$rita en$ola)ora$i%n $on # # ra$kenrid/e#

3l estallar la insurre$$i%n, $o'puso )reves s*tiras $ontra los in/leses; &uese$retario de un ha$endado de la isla de anta 4ru, donde per'ane$i%durante tres aos, sin des$uidar por ello la poes.a; a esta 6po$a pertene$enal/unas de sus 'eores $o'posi$iones8 Santa Cruz, The JamaicaFuneraly The ouse of !ight# 3tra.do por el 'ar, Freneau se e')ar$% $o'oo9$ial en una nave 'er$ante; &ue $apturado por los in/leses, 0uienes lo'altrataron $ruel'ente, y des$ri)i% sus e+perien$ias en el pe0ueo poe'aen $uatro $antos La nave britnica de presos(171"#

:urante tres aos tra)aar.a en la 3d'inistra$i%n de 4orreos de Filadel9a;pero '*s tarde, en 17, volvi% al 'ar $o'o $apit*n de un )er/ant.n en el0ue nave/% durante al/ $ontrao 'atri'onio y se esta)le$i% en tierra 9r'e# Posterior'ente &uedire$tor de The !e" #or$ %aily Advisery lue/o de The !ational Gazette,diario 0ue apoya)a a ?ho'as Je@erson $ontra 3le+ander a'ilton y sustenden$ias aristo$r*ti$as# M*s tarde, interru'pida la pu)li$a$i%n de este


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las $o'posi$iones de =d/ar 3llan Poey de 3l/ernon 4harles in)urne0uetratan del 'is'o te'a, es sin e')ar/o di/no de ser re$ordado por lae9$a$ia de al/unas estro&as y, so)re todo, por la at'%s&era &ran$a'entero'*nti$a 0ue lo $ara$teria# Gste y otros versos inspirados en la naturaleaindueron a los $r.ti$os a ha$er de Philip Freneau (al 0ue en un tie'po s%lo

se le $onsidera)a $o'o el Cpoeta de la revolu$i%nC por sus versospatri%ti$os, 0ue son los '*s Hoos" un pre$ursor del ro'anti$is'o,reivindi$ando su dere$ho de prioridad so)re Iordsorthy 4olerid/e#

=s induda)le 0ue Ca $asa de la no$heC &ue es$rita despu6s de lapu)li$a$i%n de los poe'as de ssi*n, pero antes de las novelas de Mrs#Kad$li@e y de las o)ras de Eodin y lake# 3de'*s, se advierte &*$il'enteuna nota 0ue podr.a lla'arse ordsorthiana en poes.as $o'o CKetiroC(CKetire'entC", en la 0ue el poeta e+presa el deseo de poseer una $asasolitaria unto a un arroyo, en los )os0ues; ella le dar.a '*s sustan$iosasale/r.as 0ue todas las ri0ueas a'asadas por los avaros#

:e inspira$i%n '*s dire$ta es Ca 'adreselva silvestreC (C?he ildoneysu$kleC"8 el 'otivo de la Hor solitaria $uya )ellea s%lo vive un d.a noes nuevo, pero la deli$adea de la e+presi%n y la 'usi$al &usi%n delsenti'iento y el rit'o ha$en del te+to el 'eor de los poe'as de PhilipFreneau, y una de las pri'eras e+presiones de la poes.a de la naturalea en3'6ri$a# in e')ar/o, en vano )us$ar.a'os en estas poes.as el indi$io$laro de la /enialidad 0ue es el si/no de los pre$ursores# =s pro)a)le 0ue elpoeta su&riera inHuen$ias an*lo/as a las de los dos /randes l.ri$os in/leses,y 0ue su te'pera'ento lo llevase a rea$$ionar $ontra la e+$esiva pasi%npol.ti$a 0ue inspira su produ$$i%n sat.ri$a y a o)servar la naturalea $on'ayor inter6s y $o'prensi%n 0ue los de'*s poetas $onte'por*neos#

Philip Freneau

(Philip Morin Freneau, Ne York, 1752 - Middleton Point, Ne Jersey, 1!2"3'eri$an poet# e parti$ipated a$tively in the stru//le &or independen$e#Made prisoner )y the ritish, re$alled this e+perien$e in ?he ritish ship o&prisoners (171"# is do$trinal ork ill kinship ith the thinkers o& the=nli/hten'ent, )ut his lyri$al orks shoed a pre-Ko'anti$ sensi)ility#

Philip Morin Freneau )elon/ed to a ealthy and edu$ated, des$endant o&Fren$h u/uenots, &a'ily and re$eived his 9rst trainin/ tutors until he assent to $olle/e later )e knon as Prin$eton; there he /raduated in 1771 and

had the honor o& re$itin/ at the $lose o& the s$hool year his poetry ?heKisin/ Elory o& 3'eri$a, ritten in $olla)oration ith ra$kenrid/e#

3t the out)reak o& the uprisin/, he rote short satires a/ainst the =n/lish;as se$retary o& a landoner on the island o& anta 4ru, here here'ained &or three years, ithout ne/le$tin/ poetry; to this period )elon/so'e o& his )est $o'positions8 anta 4ru, ?he Ja'ai$a Funeral and ?heouse o& Ni/ht# 3ttra$ted )y the sea, Freneau e')arked as an oL$er on a'er$hant ship; as $aptured )y the =n/lish, ho $ruelly 'istreated, anddes$ri)ed his e+perien$es in the little poe' in &our $antos ?he ritish ship o&prisoners (171"#

For three years orkin/ in the Post L$e in Philadelphia; )ut later, in 17,returned to sea as $aptain o& a )ri/ here &or so'e ti'e he sailed a$ross
http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/p/poe.htmhttp://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/s/swinburne.htmhttp://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/w/wordsworth.htmhttp://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/coleridge.htmhttp://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/s/swinburne.htmhttp://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/w/wordsworth.htmhttp://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/coleridge.htmhttp://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/p/poe.htm


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the 3tlanti$ and 4ari))ean ea# Dn 17> he 'arried and settled on land#ater he as editor o& ?he Ne York :aily 3dviser and then ?he NationalEaette nespaper that supported ?ho'as Je@erson a/ainst 3le+andera'ilton and his aristo$rati$ tenden$ies# ater, interrupted the pu)li$ationo& the last nespaper, Philip Freneau dire$ted to other less i'portant# e

9nally retired to his estate o& Mount Pleasant and he died at ei/hty-one,vi$ti' o& an a$$ident, &allin/ at ni/ht in a pond#

?he poetry o& Philip Freneau appeared under the title o& Poe's in su$$essivevolu'es, pu)lished in 17A, 17, 17>5, 1B> and 115# D& so'eti'esFreneau is $learly rises a)ove all $onte'porary poets o& his $ountry,so'eti'es )arely rea$hes the 'ini'u' re0uire'ent o& ori/inality even the'inor poets# ?he 'ost $hara$teristi$ o& his poe's is C?he Dndian )urialC(C?he Dndian uryin/ EroundC"8 ne+t to a ro$k hi$h still has pie$es o& earlyins$riptions, an old el' is situated at the &oot o& hi$h the undulationsreveal the e+isten$e Dndian 'ounds# n 'oonlit ni/hts pass under the /iantel' &u/itive shados o& a hunter and a deer8 in that en$hanted pla$e, hi$h'ade sa$red history and piety o& the people, $old reason 'ust )o#

3'on/ the orks o& /reater s$ope is Couse o& Ni/htC (C?he ouse o&Ni/htC", hose the'e is death o& :eath# Poe'ita eak $o'pared ith the$o'positions o& =d/ar 3llan Poe and 3l/ernon 4harles in)urne dealin/ith the sa'e su)e$t, is nevertheless orthy to )e re'e')ered &or thee@e$tiveness o& so'e verses and, a)ove all, )y the donri/ht ro'anti$at'osphere that $hara$teries it# ?his and other verses inspired )y natureled $riti$s to 'ake Philip Freneau (at that ti'e only he as re/arded as theCpoet o& the revolutionC )y his patrioti$ verses, hi$h are the eakest" apre$ursor o& Ko'anti$is' , de'andin/ the ri/ht o& Iordsorth and

4olerid/e override#

ndou)tedly, Couse o& Ni/htC as ritten a&ter the pu)li$ation o& thepoe's o& ssian, )ut )e&ore Mrs# Kad$li@es novels and orks o& Eodin andlake# 3lso, a note 'i/ht )e $alled Iordsorthian in poe's likeCKetire'entC (CKetire'entC", in hi$h the poet e+presses the desire to ona lonely house )eside a strea', &orests $an easily )e seen; she ould /ive'ore su)stantial oys that all the ealth a'assed )y the /reedy#

& 'ore dire$t inspiration is C?he ild honeysu$kleC (C?he Iildoneysu$kleC"8 the reason &or the solitary Hoer hose )eauty only livesone day is not ne, )ut the deli$a$y o& e+pression and 'usi$al &usion o&&eelin/ and rhyth' 'ake te+t the )est poe's o& Philip Freneau, and one o&the 9rst e+pressions o& nature poetry in 3'eri$a# oever, in vain seek inthese poe's $lear indi$ation o& the /enius that is the si/n o& pre$ursors# Dt islikely that the poet su@ered si'ilar to those o& the to 'aor lyri$al ritishinHuen$es, and his te'pera'ent take hi' to rea$t a/ainst e+$essivepoliti$al passion that inspires his satiri$al produ$tion and o)serve natureith /reater interest and understandin/ other $onte'porary poets#

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Freneau was born in New York City, the oldest of the five children of Huguenotwine

merchant Pierre Fresneauand his Scottishwife. Phili was raised in !onmouth County,

New "ersey, where he studied under#illiam $ennent, "r.,whose friend at Princeton

was "ames !adison,a relationshi that would later contribute to his establishment as the

editor of the National Gazette. Freneau family tradition suggests that !adison became

ac%uainted with and fell in love with the oet&s sister, !ary, during visits to their home while

he was studying at Princeton. #hile tradition has it that !ary re'ected !adison&s reeated

marriage roosals, this anecdote is undocumented and unsuorted by other evidence. ()*

Freneau graduated Princeton in ++, (-*having written the oetical History of the Prophet

Jonah, and, withHugh Henry rackenridge,the rose satireFather Bombo's Pilgrimage to

Mecca. Following his graduation, he tried his hand at teaching, but %uickly gave it u. He

also ursued a further study of theology, but gave this u as well after about two years. /s

the 0evolutionary #ar aroached in +1, Freneau wrote a number of anti2ritish ieces.

However, by +3, Freneau left /merica for the #est 4ndies, where he would send time

writing about the beauty of nature. 4n +5, Freneau returned to /merica, and re'oined the

atriotic cause. Freneau eventually became a crew member on a revolutionary rivateer,

and was catured in this caacity. He was held on a ritish rison shifor about si6 weeks.

$his unleasant e6erience 7in which he almost died8, detailed in his work The British

Prison Ship, would reciitate many more atriotic and anti2ritish writings throughout the

revolution and after. For this, he was named 9$he Poet of the /merican 0evolution9.

4n +:; Freneau married emocratic2

0eublicannewsaer "efferson and !adison envisioned.

$his artisan newsaer, The National Gazette, rovided a vehicle for "efferson, !adison,

and others to romote criticism of the rival Federalists. The Gazettetook articular aim at

the olicies romoted by/le6ander Hamilton, and like other aers of the day, would not

hesitate to shade into ersonal attacks, including President ?eorge #ashingtonduring his

second term. @wing to The Gazette's fre%uent attacks on his administration and himself,

#ashington took a articular dislike to Freneau.

Freneau later retired to a more rural life and wrote a mi6 of olitical and nature works.

Freneau is buried in the Phili !orin Freneau Cemetery on Poet&s >rive in!atawan, New

"ersey. His wife and mother are also buried here. He died at 5; years of age, fro=en to

death when trying to get back home.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tennent,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tennent,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tennent,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Freneau#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Freneau#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Bombo's_Pilgrimage_to_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Bombo's_Pilgrimage_to_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Bombo's_Pilgrimage_to_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jeffersonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_newspapershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_newspapershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gazette_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_Gazettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamiltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matawan,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matawan,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matawan,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tennent,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Freneau#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Freneau#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Henry_Brackenridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Bombo's_Pilgrimage_to_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Bombo's_Pilgrimage_to_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jeffersonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_American_newspapershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gazette_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_Gazettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamiltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matawan,_New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matawan,_New_Jersey


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Legacy(edit*

$he non2olitical works of Freneau are a combination of neoclassicism and romanticism.

His oem 9$he House of Night9 makes its mark as one of the first romantic oems written

and ublished in /merica. $he ?othic elements and dark imagery are later seen in the

oetry by


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Prisi%n ar$o, pre$ipitar.a 'u$hos es$ritos '*s patri%ti$as y anti-)rit*ni$asdurante todo la revolu$i%n y despu6s# Para ello, &ue no')rado C=l Poeta dela Kevolu$i%n 3'eri$anaC#

=n 17>B se $as% $on =leanor Freneau For'an, y se $onvirti% en asistente deeditor del Ne York :aily 3dvertiser# Po$o despu6s, Madison y la se$retariade =stado, ?ho'as Je@erson tra)aaron para $onse/uir Freneau paradesplaarse a Filadel9a $on el 9n de editar un peri%di$o partidista 0ue$ontrarrestar.a el peri%di$o &ederalista a Ea$eta de los =stados nidos#

Je@erson &ue $riti$ado por $ontratar Freneau $o'o tradu$tor en el:eparta'ento de =stado, a pesar de 0ue no ha)la)a idio'as e+tranerose+$epto &ran$esa, en la 0ue Je@erson ya era Huida# Freneau a$ept% estaposi$i%n po$o e+i/ente, 0ue de% tie'po li)re para diri/ir el peri%di$o-:e'%$rata Kepu)li$ano de Je@erson y Madison i'a/inaron#

=ste peri%di$o partidista, a Ea$eta Na$ional, propor$ion% un veh.$ulo paraJe@erson, Madison y otros para pro'over la $r.ti$a de los &ederalistas

rivales# a Ea$eta to'% espe$ial'ente apuntando a las pol.ti$as i'pulsadaspor 3le+ander a'ilton, y al i/ual 0ue otros do$u'entos de la 6po$a, nodudar.a en so')ra en ata0ues personales, in$luyendo el presidente Eeor/eIashin/ton durante su se/undo 'andato# :e)ido a los &re$uentes ata0uesdel Eaette en su /o)ierno y 6l 'is'o, Iashin/ton to'% una aversi%nespe$ial a Freneau#

Freneau '*s tarde se retir% a una vida '*s rural y es$ri)i% una 'e$la deo)ras pol.ti$as y de la naturalea#

Freneau est* enterrado en el $e'enterio de Philip Morin Freneau en launidad del poeta en Mataan, Nueva Jersey# u esposa y su 'adre ta')i6nest*n enterrados a0u.# Muri% a los B aos de edad, 'uerto de &r.o $uandose trata de volver a $asa#

e/ado editarQ

as o)ras no pol.ti$as de Freneau son una $o')ina$i%n de neo$lasi$is'o yel ro'anti$is'o# u poe'a Ca 4asa de la No$heC dea su huella $o'o unode los pri'eros poe'as ro'*nti$os es$ritos y pu)li$ados en =stados nidos#os ele'entos /%ti$os y la i'a/iner.a os$ura se ver* '*s adelante en lapoes.a de =d/ar 3llan Poe, 0ue es )ien $ono$ido por sus o)ras /%ti$as de la

literatura# Poe'a naturalea de Freneau, C?he Iild 'iel a'a'antaC (17A",es $onsiderado $o'o una se'illa te'prano para el 'ovi'ientotras$endentalista '*s tarde reto'ada por Iillia' 4ullen ryant, KalphIaldo ='erson y enry :avid ?horeau# Pri'itivis'o ro'*nti$o ta')i6n seprev6 por sus poe'as C=l indio entierra la tierraC y C)uen salvaeC#

3 pesar de 0ue no es tan $ono$ido $o'o Kalph Ialdo ='erson o Ja'esFeni'ore 4ooper, Freneau introduo 'u$hos de los te'as y las i'*/enes ensu literatura 0ue autores posteriores son &a'osos por#

a 9$ina de 4orreos Mataan en la $alle prin$ipal tiene una es$ultura en lapared de Freneau# e $uenta $on es$lavos ne/ros $o'o 6l era una)oli$ionista '*s tarde en la vida# Fue $reado en 1>!> por 3r'in $heler,)ao una $o'isi%n Ne :eal del :eparta'ento del ?esoro#


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ay una $o'pa.a de )o')eros Freneau en la $alle prin$ipal R Kuta 7>#asta 0ue un $a')io de no')re a 'ediados de 2BBB de, ha).a unrestaurante lla'ado del Poeta Dnn, donde se supon.a Freneau ha)er tenido'*s de un ron#

Known as the poet of the American Revolution, Philip Freneau was influenced by boththe political situation of his time and the full, active life he led. He attended Princetonniversity, where !ames "adison was his roommate, and planned to become aminister. However, at Princeton he became engaged in political debates with fellowstudents and pursued his interest in writing.

Freneau was torn between his involvement in the social turmoil of his times and themore solitary life of writing. After graduation, he wrote a series of anti#$ritish satires.%n &''( Freneau travelled to the )est %ndies, where he studied navigation and wrote,largely about his surroundings. %n &''* he returned to +ew !ersey, oined the militia,

and served as a ship-s captain. He was eventually captured by the $ritish and spent siwee/s on a prison ship. $y &'01, Freneau had published two collections of poetry.2ncouraged by !ames "adison and 3homas !efferson, Freneau established anewspaper, theNational Gazette, in Philadelphia, which promoted !efferson-sprinciples. $y the early &*11s, Freneau had retired to his farm to write essays andpoetry.As a ournalist and poet, Freneau was prolific. His poetry covers a variety of subects,including the political situation, American %ndians, nature, the sea, and naval battles.His political poems are often satiric, but his nature poetry is mar/ed by lyricism andclose observation of the details of the American landscape. Freneau-s wor/ displays

some of the characteristics of Romanticism4especially in its close attention to, andfeeling for, nature.

4ono$ido $o'o el poeta de la revolu$i%n a'eri$ana, Philip Freneau &ueinHuen$iado tanto por la situa$i%n pol.ti$a de su tie'po y de la vida plena ya$tiva 0ue diri/i%# 3sisti% a la niversidad de Prin$eton, donde Ja'esMadison &ue su $o'paero de ha)ita$i%n, y planea)a $onvertirse en'inistro# in e')ar/o, en Prin$eton 0ue se en/an$h% en los de)atespol.ti$os $on otros estudiantes y persi/ui% su inter6s por es$rito#

Freneau se de)at.a entre su parti$ipa$i%n en la a/ita$i%n so$ial de su 6po$ay la vida '*s solitaria de la es$ritura# :espu6s de /raduarse, es$ri)i% unaserie de s*tiras $ontra de los )rit*ni$os# =n 177A Freneau via% a las Dndias$$identales, donde estudi% la nave/a$i%n y es$ri)i% /ran parte de susalrededores# =n 177 re/res% a Nueva Jersey, se uni% a la 'ili$ia, y sirvi%$o'o $apit*n de un )ar$o# Fue $apturado 9nal'ente por los )rit*ni$os ypas% seis se'anas $on un )ar$o-prisi%n# =n 17>B, Freneau ha).a pu)li$adodos $ole$$iones de poes.a# 3ni'ado por Ja'es Madison y ?ho'as Je@erson,Freneau esta)le$i% un peri%di$o, la Ea$eta Na$ional, en Filadel9a, 0uepro'ueve prin$ipios de Je@erson# 3 prin$ipios de 1BB, Freneau ha).aretirado a su /rana para es$ri)ir ensayos y poes.a#


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4o'o periodista y poeta, Freneau &ue prol.9$a# u poes.a $u)re unavariedad de te'as, in$luyendo la situa$i%n pol.ti$a, los indios a'eri$anos, lanaturalea, el 'ar, y las )atallas navales# us poe'as pol.ti$os son a'enudo sat.ri$a, pero su poes.a de la naturalea est* 'ar$ada por el liris'oy la o)serva$i%n 'inu$iosa de los detalles del paisae a'eri$ano# =l tra)ao

de Freneau 'uestra al/unas de las $ara$ter.sti$as del Ko'anti$is'o,espe$ial'ente en su estre$ha aten$i%n y senti'iento por la naturalea#

Phili Freneau was born in New York of Huguenot ancestry in +1), and died near Freehold,New "ersey, in +5-).

#ell versed in the classics in !onmouth County under the tutelage of #illiam $ennent, Philientered Princeton as a sohomore in +35, but the 'oy of the occasion was marred by hisfather&s financial losses and death the year before. 4n site of financial hardshis, Phili&sScottish mother believed that her oldest of five children would graduate and 'oin the clergy.$hough he was a serious student of theology and a stern moralist all his life, Freneau found his

true calling in literature. /s his roommate and close friend "ames !adison recogni=ed early,Freneau&s wit and verbal skills would make him a owerful wielder of the en and a formidableadversary on the battlefields of rint. Freneau soon became the unrivaled 9oet of the0evolution9 and is still widely regarded as the 9Father of /merican iterature9. /lthough Freneauhad roduced several accomlished rivate oems before college, it was the intensee6erience of re20evolutionary2#ar Princeton that turned the oet&s interest to ublic writing.Political concerns led !adison, Freneau, and their friends Hugh Henry rackenridge and#illiam radford, "r., to revive the defunct Plain >ealing Club as the /merican #hig Society.$heir verbal skirmishes with the conservative Cliosohic Society rovided amle oortunitiesfor sharening Freneau&s skills in rose and oetic satire. Charged with literary and oliticalenthusiasm, Freneau and rackenridge collaborated on a rollicking, icares%ue narrative,Father ombo&s Pilgrimage to !ecca in /rabia, which resents comic glimses of life ineighteenth2century /merica. $his iece, recently ac%uired by Princeton and ublished by the

Bniversity ibrary 7+:18, may well be the first work of rose fiction written in /merica.

>uring their senior year Freneau and rackenridge labored long on another 'oint ro'ect towhich Freneau contributed the greater share. $heir comosition was a atriotic oem of eicdesign, $he 0ising ?lory of /merica, a rohecy of a time when a united nation should rule thevast continent from the /tlantic to the Pacific. /t the commencement e6ercises of Setember++, rackenridge read this oem to a 9vast concourse of the olitest comany,9 gathered atNassau Hall. $he oem articulated the vision and fervor of a young revolutionary generation.

/fter he graduated from Princeton in ++, he was author, editor, government official, trader,and farmer. He tried teaching and soon found that he hated it. /s regards the genesis of hisoems, two facts in his life are esecially imortant. His newsaer work encouraged a fatalroduction of the satirical and humorous verse that gave him reutationD and his trading

voyages insired oems descritive of the scenery of the southern islands, and made ossiblewhat is erhas his most original work, his naval ballads.

He felt a dee obligation to erform ublic service, and his satires against the ritish in +1were written out of fervent atriotism. /t the same time he distrusted olitics and had a ersonalyearning to escae social turmoil and war. $he romantic rivate oet within him struggledagainst his ublic role. $hus, arado6ically, in +3 the 9oet of the revolution9 set sail for the#est 4ndies where he sent two years writing of the beauties of nature and learning navigation.Suddenly in +5, he returned to New "ersey and 'oined the militia and sailed the /tlantic as ashi catain. /fter suffering for si6 weeks on a ritish rison shi, he oured his bitterness intohis olitical writing and into much of his voluminous oetry of the early +5;s.

y +:;, at the age of thirty2eight, with two collections of oetry in rint and a reutation as a

fiery roagandist and skillful sea catain, Freneau decided to settle down. He married


9/18

again. His friends !adison and "efferson ersuaded him to set u his own newsaer inPhiladelhia to counter the owerful Hamiltonian aer of "ohn Fenno. Freneau&s National?a=ette uheld "efferson&s 90eublican9 rinciles and even condemned #ashington&s foreignolicy.

/fter another decade of feverish ublic action, Freneau withdrew again in +5;+, when "efferson

was elected resident. He retired to his farm and returned occasionally to the sea. >uring hislast thirty years, he worked on his oems, wrote essays attacking the greed and selfishness ofcorrut oliticians, and sold ieces of his lands to roduce a small income. He discovered thathe had given his best years of literary roductivity to his country, for it had been in the few stolenmoments of the hectic +5;s that he found the insiration for his best oems, such as $he4ndian urying ?round and $he #ild Honeysuckle.

This page is base% on the copyrighte% (i"ipe%ia Philip Freneau) it is use% un%er the CreativeCommons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License*!ou may re%istribute it+ &erbatim ormo%ifie%+ pro&i%ing that you comply ith the terms of the ,,-B!-S$*

Philip Freneau na$i% en Nueva York de as$enden$ia hu/onote en 1752, y

'uri% $er$a de Freehold, Nueva Jersey, en 1!2#ien versado en los $l*si$os en el 4ondado de Mon'outh, )ao la tutela deEuiller'o ?ennent, Philip entr% en Prin$eton en su se/undo ao en 17A,pero la ale/r.a de la o$asi%n se vio e'paado por las p6rdidas 9nan$ierasde su padre y la 'uerte en el ao anterior# 3 pesar de las di9$ultades9nan$ieras, 'adre es$o$esa de Felipe $re.a 0ue su 'ayor de $in$o hios se/raduar.a y unirse al $lero# 3un0ue 6l era un estudiante serio de la teolo/.ay un 'oralista severo toda su vida, Freneau en$ontr% su verdadera vo$a$i%nen la literatura# 4o'o su $o'paero de ha)ita$i%n y a'i/o $er$ano Ja'esMadison re$ono$i% te'prano, in/enio y ha)ilidades ver)ales de Freneau lehar.an un poderoso portador de la plu'a y un adversario &or'ida)le en los$a'pos de )atalla de la i'presi%n# Freneau pronto se $onvirti% en el Cpoetade la revolu$i%nC sin i/ual y si/ue siendo a'plia'ente $onsiderado $o'o elCpadre de la literatura a'eri$anaC# 3un0ue Freneau ha).a produ$ido variospoe'as privados realiados antes de la universidad, &ue la intensae+perien$ia de pre-revolu$ionario-/uerra Prin$eton 0ue $onvirti% el inter6sdel poeta a la es$ritura p


10/18

ley% este poe'a a un Cvasto $on$urso de la e'presa '*s edu$adaC, reunidoen Nassau all# =l poe'a arti$ula la visi%n y el &ervor de una oven/enera$i%n revolu$ionaria#

:espu6s se /radu% de Prin$eton en 1771, &ue autor, editor, &un$ionario del/o)ierno, $o'er$iante y a/ri$ultor# ?rat% enseana y pronto des$u)ri% 0uelo odia)a# =n $uanto a la /6nesis de sus poe'as, dos he$hos en su vida sonespe$ial'ente i'portantes# u tra)ao diario ani'% a una produ$$i%n &ataldel verso sat.ri$o y hu'or.sti$o 0ue le dio la reputa$i%n; y sus viaes$o'er$iales inspirados poe'as des$riptivos de los paisaes de las islas delsur, e hi$ieron posi)le lo 0ue es 0ui*s su o)ra '*s ori/inal, sus )aladasnavales#

inti% una pro&unda o)li/a$i%n de prestar el servi$io p


11/18

Most famous as the Poet of the Revolution, Freneau is also known for his

romantic involvement in poetry. Born in New York, Philip Freneau was well

eucate early in life. !is mother tau"ht him at home until the a"e of thirteen,

when she sent him to a #atin $chool. !e later entere the %olle"e of New

&ersey, now Princeton, at the sophomore level at the a"e of si'teen. (heseyears of his life lai the founation of his future career for )ecomin" a poet. *

few people whom Freneau met at Princeton that mae inspirational influences

in his life were &ames Maison, +illiam Brafor, an !enry Brackenri"e.

urin" this time, Freneau an his friens forme a "roup calle the *merican

+hi" $ociety, which was a "roup that oppose the British-oriente (ory %lio-

$ophic $ociety. Freneau prouce his first piece of political satire, Father

Bom)os Pil"rima"e to Mecca, while )ecomin" fascinate )y the interest in

the ar"uments )etween his rival association. !owever, one of his most

important evelopments was (he Risin" /lory of *merica, which he wrotealon" with the assistance of Brackenri"e. (he poem speaks a)out the

inte"rity of a new country approachin" a neoteric era, which woul )e )lesse

with sweet li)erty0 1+ithout whose ai the no)lest "enius fails, 1*n science

irretrieva)ly must ie. (he poem was rea an well like at the

commencement on "rauation ay, an later pu)lishe the ne't year.

*fter "rauation, Freneau ha many 2o)s of employment,)ut never content

with any of these unless he was writin". For two years he saile the islans of

the +est 3nies, composin" poems that e'presse his romantic appreciationfor the islans an the ways their )eauty enchante his soul. 4nowle"e of

the war, )rou"ht Freneau )ack to the states, where he 2oine the New &ersey

militia, )ut later )ecame a sea captain. 5n his many voya"es at sea, he wrote

(he British-Prison $hip, which is a poem a)out the horrifyin" aventures

Freneau e'perience when imprisone )y the British urin" the war.

!owever, Freneaus )est work was one while he was the eitor of the

National /a6ette an a forei"n translator in Philaelphia, encoura"e )y

(homas &efferson. Meanwhile, Freneau )ecame known as a critic of /eor"e+ashin"ton, *le'aner !amilton, an &ohn *ams, an a fiery e'ponent of

the &efferson Repu)lic. /eor"e +ashin"ton referre to Freneau as that rascal

Freneau, while on the same note, &efferson )elieve that Freneau save our

constitution which was "allopin" fast into monarchy.

*lthou"h Freneaus life an work are fille with e'citement, it is left

unfinishe without an ori"inator an e'perimenter. *s 3 i mention an you

coul see for yourself, he was in an out of numerous 2o)s, as he attempte to

fin his place in the worl of writin". !e stru""le to communicate for the

new nation, as he analy6e with countless forms of phraseolo"y, such as


12/18

poems an 2ournalism. *mon" his innumera)le ownfalls, he i succee in

creatin" si"nificant poems an essays that helpe to structure *merican

literature. Freneau is surely the Poet of the Revolution, as his work reflects

the su)2ect an sense of mission of his time, an one who live to rive

*merica in the irection of freeom.

=l '*s &a'oso $o'o el CPoeta de la Kevolu$i%nC, Freneau es ta')i6n$ono$ido por su parti$ipa$i%n en la poes.a ro'*nti$a# Na$ido en Nueva York,Philip Freneau &ue )ien edu$ado te'prano en la vida# u 'adre le ense% en$asa hasta la edad de tre$e aos, $uando ella lo envi% a una es$uela latina#M*s tarde in/res% en la niversidad de Nueva Jersey, ahora Prin$eton, en elnivel de se/undo ao a la edad de die$is6is aos# =stos aos de su vidasentaron las )ases de su &utura $arrera para $onvertirse en un poeta# naspo$as personas a 0uien $ono$i% en Prin$eton Freneau 0ue hi$ieroninHuen$ias de inspira$i%n en su vida &ueron Ja'es Madison, Iillia'

rad&ord, y enry ra$kenrid/e# :urante este tie'po, Freneau y sus a'i/os&or'aron un /rupo lla'ado la o$iedad 3'eri$ana Ihi/, 0ue era un /rupo0ue se opuso a la orientada al $onservador )rit*ni$o 4lio-%9$o o$iedad#Freneau produo su pri'era piea de la s*tira pol.ti$a, CPere/rina$i%n delPadre o')o a a Me$aC, 'ientras 0ue 0uedar &as$inado por el inter6s enlas dis$usiones entre su aso$ia$i%n rival# in e')ar/o, uno de susa$onte$i'ientos '*s i'portantes &ue Ca Eloria de levanta'iento de3'6ri$aC, 0ue es$ri)i% unto $on la ayuda de ra$kenrid/e# =l poe'a ha)lade la inte/ridad de un nuevo pa.s 0ue se a$er$a una 6po$a neot6ri$a, 0ueser.a )ende$ido $on la Cli)ertad dul$eU R in $uya ayuda el /enio '*s no)le&alla, R Y la $ien$ia irre'edia)le'ente de)e 'orir# C=l poe'a &ue le.do y 'uy

0uerido en el $o'ieno en el d.a de la /radua$i%n, y '*s tarde pu)li$% elpr%+i'o ao#

:espu6s de su /radua$i%n, Freneau ha).a 'u$hos puestos de tra)ao dee'pleo, pero sin darse por satis&e$ha $on nin/uno de estos a 'enos 0ueesta)a es$ri)iendo# :urante dos aos se e')ar$% a las islas de las Dndias$$identales, $o'poniendo poe'as 0ue e+presaron su a/rade$i'ientoro'*nti$o para las islas y las &or'as de su )ellea en$antaran su al'a# =l$ono$i'iento de la /uerra, llev% Freneau a los =stados nidos, donde seuni% a la 'ili$ia de Nueva Jersey, pero '*s tarde se $onvirti% en un $apit*nde )ar$o# =n sus 'u$hos viaes en el 'ar, es$ri)i% C=l )rit*ni$o-prisi%n de lanaveC, 0ue es un poe'a so)re las aventuras espelunantes Freneaue+peri'ent% $uando en$ar$elado por los )rit*ni$os durante la /uerra#

in e')ar/o, el 'eor tra)ao de Freneau &ue he$ho 'ientras 6l era el editorde la Ea$eta Na$ional y un tradu$tor e+tranero en Filadel9a, alentado por

?ho'as Je@erson# Mientras tanto, Freneau se hio $ono$ido $o'o un $r.ti$ode Eeor/e Iashin/ton, 3le+ander a'ilton y John 3da's, y un e+ponentede &ue/o de la Kep


13/18

$re.a 0ue Freneau Csalv% nuestra $onstitu$i%n 0ue /alopa)a r*pida a la'onar0u.aC#

3un0ue la vida y la o)ra de Freneau se llenan de e'o$i%n, se de% sin

ter'inar sin un ori/inador y e+peri'entador# 4o'o he 'en$ionado y sepod.a ver por s. 'is'o, 0ue se en$ontra)a y de nu'erosos puestos detra)ao, 'ientras trata)a de en$ontrar su lu/ar en el 'undo de la es$ritura#e es&or% por $o'uni$ar para la nueva na$i%n, $o'o lo anali% $oninnu'era)les &or'as de &raseolo/.a, tales $o'o poe'as y periodis'o# =ntresus innu'era)les $a.das, 6l tuvo 6+ito en la $rea$i%n de poe'as y ensayosi'portantes 0ue ayudaron a estru$turar la literatura a'eri$ana# Freneau essin duda el CPoeta de la Kevolu$i%nC, $o'o su o)ra reHea el te'a y Csentidode 'isi%n de su tie'poC, y 0ue vivi% para $ondu$ir atina en el sentido de lali)ertad#

Patriot.Phili Freneau was well reared for a career as one of the most rominent literary

figures in the earlyBnited States. He was born on ) "anuary +1) to a wealthy New Yorkfamily

at the center of the cultural life of that colonial city. Freneau entered the College of New

"ersey7now Princeton Bniversity8 at age fifteen, and there made contacts among the emerging

olitical and cultural leaders of /merica, including a future resident,"ames !adison. He also

read uring therevolutionary years Freneau lived for a time in the#est 4ndiesand served aboard a rivateer in

the Caribbean Sea.$his was a ha=ardous 'ob, and it ended with him in a ritish rison shi in

New York harbor. He wrote constantly of his e6eriences, develoing a distinctively romanticoetic voice.

Political Writing./fter the war ended Freneau settled in Philadelhia and became a leader of

the citys literary circle. He edited maga=ines and ublished many oems raising thePatriotsefforts, earning the title of theWPoet of the/merican 0evolution.X/fter more travel, anda further eriod ublishing a newsaer in New York, he returned to Philadelhia to serve under

Secretary of State $homas "efferson, who shared his democratic rinciles. He founded

the National Gazettein @ctober +:+, and it soon became a significant mouthiece for the

"effersonians. $he National Gazettewas much livelier than its stately rival, the

FederalistGazette of the nite% States. Freneau oked fun at Secretary of the $reasury

/le6ander Hamilton as a would2be king and worked hard to shae ublic oinion on reublican

rinciles. oth Hamilton and President?eorge #ashingtonwere angry at the radical

democratic oinions Freneau e6ressed in the aer. #ashington ressured "efferson to fire

Freneau from his State >eartment 'ob because of his outside activities, but "efferson refused,

standing u for Freneaus right of free e6ression. "efferson wrote that Wno government oughtto be without censorsD and where the ress is free, no one ever will. Xut even "efferson wasuneasy about Freneaus whole2hearted suort of the French 0evolutionand of thecontroversial French ambassador, ecember +5-).
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/United_States.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/United_States.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/New_York.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/New_Jersey.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/New_Jersey.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/New_Jersey.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/James_Madison.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/James_Madison.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/West_Indies.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Caribbean_Sea.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Caribbean_Sea.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/American_Revolution.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/American_Revolution.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/George_Washington.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/French_Revolution.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/French_Revolution.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/United_States.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/New_York.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/New_Jersey.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/New_Jersey.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/James_Madison.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/West_Indies.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Caribbean_Sea.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/American_Revolution.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/George_Washington.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/French_Revolution.aspx


14/18

Patriota# Philip Freneau esta)a )ien preparado para una $arrera $o'o unade las 9/uras literarias '*s i'portantes en los =stados nidos te'pranos#Na$i% el B2 de enero 1752 a una &a'ilia ri$a de Nueva York en el $entro dela vida $ultural de esta $iudad $olonial# Freneau entr% en la niversidad deNueva Jersey (ahora niversidad de Prin$eton" a los 0uin$e aos, y no hio

los $onta$tos entre los l.deres pol.ti$os y $ulturales e'er/entes de 3'6ri$a,entre ellos un &uturo presidente, Ja'es Madison# ?a')i6n ley% poes.a Dn/l6sy $o'en% a desear una $arrera $o'o poeta# ?uvo su pri'er 6+ito literarioen 1771 $uando &ue $oautor $on su a'i/o u/h enry ra$kenrid/e unpoe'a titulado C?he Kisin/ Eloria de 3'6ri$aC, $apturando el esp.ritu deuna na$i%n al )orde de la independen$ia# :urante los aos revolu$ionariosFreneau vivi% durante un tie'po en las Dndias $$identales y sirvi% a )ordode un $orsario en el Mar 4ari)e# =ste &ue un tra)ao peli/roso, y ter'in% $on6l en un )ar$o prisi%n )rit*ni$a en el puerto de Nueva York# =s$ri)i%$onstante'ente de sus e+perien$ias, el desarrollo de una vo po6ti$adistintiva ro'*nti$a#

Keda$$i%n Pol.ti$a# 4uando ter'in% la /uerra Freneau se esta)le$i% enFiladel9a y se $onvirti% en un l.der del $.r$ulo literario de la $iudad# =dit%revistas y pu)li$% 'u$hos poe'as ala)ando los es&ueros de los Patriots,/anando el t.tulo de la CPoeta de la Kevolu$i%n 3'eri$ana#C :espu6s de '*sde viae, y un per.odo adi$ional de pu)li$ar un peri%di$o en Nueva York,re/res% a Filadel9a para servir )ao el e$retario de =stado ?ho'as

Je@erson, 0uien $o'parti% sus prin$ipios de'o$r*ti$os# Fund% la Ea$etaNa$ional en o$tu)re de 17>1, y pronto se $onvirti% en una )o0uillasi/ni9$ativo para los e@ersonianos# a Ea$eta Na$ional era 'u$ho '*s

ani'ado 0ue su rival seorial, la Ea$eta &ederalista de los =stados nidos#Freneau )url% de e$retario del ?esoro 3le+ander a'ilton $o'o un rey alos posi)les y tra)a% duro para dar &or'a a la opini%n p es$ri)i% unal'ana0ue 0ue se vendi% )ien# :os aos despu6s $o'en% una revistaliteraria lla'ada ?i'e-Pie$e, pero al i/ual 0ue el olet.n 9$ial, 0ue su&r.ade apoyo 9nan$iero insu9$iente y $err% r*pida'ente# Freneau 'uri%$on/elado en una tor'enta de nieve $er$a de Freehold, Nueva Jersey, el 1de di$ie')re 1!2#


15/18

Freneau, Philip [Morin]789:;-8 fulfille the ream of his wine

merchant father, Pierre Fresneau 7ol spellin"> when he entere the %lass of8998 to prepare for the ministry. +ell verse in the classics in Monmouth

%ounty uner the tutela"e of +illiam (ennent, Philip entere Princeton as asophomore in 89?


16/18

3nies where he spent two years writin" of the )eauties of nature an learnin"

navi"ation. $uenly in 899.

*fter another ecae of feverish pu)lic action, Freneau withrew a"ain in

8


17/18

encontrJ su veraera vocaciJn en la literatura. %omo su compaKero e

ha)itaciJn y ami"o cercano &ames Maison reconociJ temprano, in"enio yha)iliaes ver)ales e Freneau le harLan un poeroso portaor e la pluma y

un aversario formia)le en los campos e )atalla e la impresiJn. Freneaupronto se convirtiJ en el incompara)le AA poeta e la RevoluciJn @@ y si"ue

sieno ampliamente consierao como el AA Pare e la literaturaestaouniense. @@

*unue Freneau ha)La proucio varios poemas privaos reali6aos antes ela universia, fue la intensa e'periencia e pre-revolucionario-"uerra

Princeton ue convirtiJ el inters el poeta a la escritura pO)lica. #aspreocupaciones polLticas conu2eron Maison, Freneau, y sus ami"os !u"h

!enry Brackenri"e y +illiam Brafor, &r., para revivir la #lanuraesaparecia (ratar clu) como la $ociea *mericana el +hi". $us

escaramu6as ver)ales con la conservaora $ociea %liosophic proporcionaoamplias oportuniaes para aumentar las ha)iliaes e Freneau en prosa

potica y la stira. *cusao e entusiasmo literario y polLtico, Freneau yBrackenri"e cola)oraron en una narrativa picaresca 2ovial, RomerLa el

Pare Bom)o a #a Meca en *ra)ia, el cual presenta atis)os cJmicas e la viaen la *mrica el si"lo Q333. sta pie6a, recientemente auiria por

Princeton y pu)licao por la Bi)lioteca e la Cniversia 78D9:>, puee muy)ien ser la primera o)ra e ficciJn en prosa escrita en *mrica.

urante su Oltimo aKo Freneau y Brackenri"e tra)a2aron mucho en otro

proyecto con2unto para ue Freneau contri)uyJ la mayor participaciJn. $ucomposiciJn era un poema patriJtico e iseKo pico, AA #a "loria naciente e

*mrica @@, una profecLa e un momento en ue una naciJn unia e)e"o)ernar el vasto continente ese el *tlntico hasta el PacLfico. n la

ceremonia e "rauaciJn el mes e septiem)re e 8998, Brackenri"e leyJeste poema a un AA vasto concurso e la empresa ms corts, @@ se reunieron en

Nassau !all. l poema articula la visiJn y el fervor e una 2oven "eneraciJnrevolucionaria.

#a via e Freneau espus e Princeton fue uno e los cam)ios y conflictos.(ratJ e enseKan6a y lo oia)a. PasJ os aKos ms estuiano teolo"La, perose riniJ. $intiJ una profuna o)li"aciJn e prestar el servicio pO)lico, y sus

stiras contra los )ritnicos en 899: fueron escritos e ferviente patriotismo.*l mismo tiempo ue esconfia)a polLtica y tenLa un anhelo personal e

escapar e la a"itaciJn social y la "uerra. l poeta romntica privaa entro e

l luchJ contra su papel pO)lico. *sL, paraJ2icamente, en 899? el AA poeta ela revoluciJn @@ 6arpJ e las *ntillas one pasJ os aKos escri)ieno e las


18/18

)elle6as e la naturale6a y el apreni6a2e e la nave"aciJn. e pronto, en

899

philip freneau-yek.docx

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