ACLC COLLEGE TAGUIG

PHILIPPINE HISTORYBY:

DEBBIE ANN LAPIRA

JAPANESE OCCUPATION AND THE SECOND REPUBLIC

The period of japanese occupation lasting 3yrs

(1942-1945 )was one of the darkest interludes in the philippine history under the guise of emancipating the philippines from bondage to western emperialism,japan brought her within the orbit of its so called venolent “greater east asia co-prosperity sphere”

JAPANESE MILITARY ADMINISTRATION

JANUARY 3,1942

the Day after the bloodless occupation of manila.

LIEUT. GEN.MASAHARU HOMMA(commander-in-chef of the japanese imperial forces in

the phil).

Proclaimed the establishment of the japanese military administration for the purpose of supervising the political,economic,and cultural affairs of the conquered land the administration was headed by a director general.

-UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS (manila)-BAGUIO

-LOS BANOS (and other places)

-all ALLIED nationals were interened at.Where concentration camps for them were established.

PHILIPPINE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION

-The japanese invaders brought with them a plan for a puppet government to be composed of prominent filipinos, but most filipinos regarded this change with suspicion

of a sinister design of conquest .

JANUARY 8,1942-the japanese high command ordered

(mr. jorge b. vargas ) mayor of the city of the “ greater manila to organize the administrative

constitution as soon as possible’’

JANUARY 23,1942

Vargas and his associates addressed a ( letter of response)

To the japanese high command stating that were ready to obey the orders of the japanese army for “the maintenance of peace and order and the promotion of the well being of our people”

BENIGNO S. AQUINO(commissioner of the interior)

ANTONIO DE LAS ALAS(commissioner of finance)

JOSE P. LAUREL(commissioner of justice)

RAFAEL ALUNAN(commissioner of agriculture and commerce)

CLARO M. RECTO(commissioner of education,health and public

welfare)

QUINTIN PAREDES(commissioner pf public works and

communications)JOSE YULO

(former speaker of the national assembly

Subsequently, the philippine council of state was created to act as an advisory body to executive commission. It was

composed of 32 signers of the (letter of response) and other members appointed from time to time by the japanese high

command.

CHANGES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The japanese military authorities changed the local governments(provincial,city,and municipality)curtailing their autonomy which have been introduced by america

Three provinces were abolished namely..(batanes,marinduque,romblon

.

JAPANESE PROPAGANDA

,HODOO-BU (propaganda section)Of the japanese army,

SIMBUNSYA ( later named philippine publications)KZRH ( later called PIAM )

(EIGA HAIKUSHA)( DAWN OF FREEDOM ( originally entitled

dawn with the stars and stripes) ( TATLONG MARIA ( three mary’s

OTHER AGENCIES OF JAPANESE PROPAGANDA

GETI ( government employees training institute )

-the institute for former USAFFE men,NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATIONS

(-samahang mag kakapit bahay) -to promote the spirit of neighborlines.

KALIBAPI chief organ of japanese propaganda

(KALIBAPI)KAPISANAN NG PAG LILINGKOD NG BAGONG PILIPINAS

(society for service to the new philippines) -created by chairman Vargas executive no.109

Dated dec,14 1942.THE 46TH ANNIVERSARY OF DR. RIZAL’S MARTYRDOM-

-amidts a colorful ceremony),. ORDINANCE NO. 17–

Dated may 1,1944 pres. Laurel recognized the KALIBAPI to “ PEOPLES PARTY.”

-became the only political party in the philippines during japanese occupation.

Various auxiliary bodies

JUNIOR KALIBAPI-WOMENS AUXILIARY SERVICE INSTITUTE-

Total members of 1,500,000 adult kalibapi 80,000 junior..

NOT COLLABORATORS BUT PATRIOTS

VARGAS-LAUREL-AQUINO-RECTO-

..and other filipino leaders who were compelled to serve in the puppet civil government (exucutive commision)DEC,24,1941- were pres. Quezon leave’s manila for corregidor and he gave last minute instructions to LAUREL,VARGAS,atbp..

GEN.MC ARTHUR- knew these presidential instructions and added in advice to them

“never to take the oath of allegiance to japan ”.

JAN.28,1942- radio broadcast from tokyo announced the establishment of a new government of manila consisting of VARGAS,LAUREL,RECTO..

PREMIER TOJO AND PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE

JANUARY 21, 1942- premier general HIDEKI TOJO in a speech before the imperial diet , declared that the philippines would be granted

“THE HONOR OF INDEPENDENCE” provide that the filipinos would cooperate in the establishment of the

“ GREATER EAST ASIA C0-PROPERITY SPHERE”. He reiterated this promise on january 28,1943 in an address before the imperial diet.

MAY,6,1943- premier TOJO addressed a mass meeting at the luneta ,stating that he was “convinced more than ever of the propiety of early philippine independence” . Upon his return to japan,he told the imperial diet,On JUNE 16,1943 that the philippines would be given independence “in the course of the current year”

THE FRAMING OF THE CONSTITUTION

JUNE 19,1943- when the KALIBAPI held a convention in manila and elected twenty members of the preparatory commission for the philippine independence (PCPI).Headed by DR. JOSE P. LAUREL.

BIRTH OF THE JAPANESE-SPONSORED REPUBLIC

SEPT,20,1943- various KALIBAPI conventions were held throughout the country and elected half of 108 members of the national assembly established by the new constitution.SEPT,22,- the national assembly met in inaugural session at the legislative building,manila. The speaker was BENIGNO S. AQUINO, director general of KALIBAPI.The woman member of national assembly was MRS. ELISSA R. OCHOA of agusan.

OCT. 14,1943- the new republic (second philippine republic) was inaugurated amid solemn ceremonies held in front of the legislative building. The invocation prayer was said by reverend CESAR MA. GUERRERO auxilliary bishop of manila JORGE VARGAS whose office of the chairman of the philippine executive commision had terminated.The president of the PCPI read the “DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE

INDEPENDENCE ”

Congratulatory remarks were made by lt. GEN. SHIGENORI KURODA commander in chief of the japanese imperial army in the philippines.

FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE REPUBLICThe new made-in-japan republic was recognized by FRANCO’S SPAIN and by axis powers and their

satellite states—NAZI GERMANY,FASCIST ITALY,CHINA(nanking government), MANCHUKUO,CROATIA,SLOVAKIA,BULGARIA,HUNGARY,BURMA,THAILAND,and also the VATICAN.

A japanese embassy was established in manila under ambassador SYOZO MURATA, former highest adviser of the japanese imperial forces in the philippines.

The first foreign treaty concluded by the republic was the PACT OF ALLIANCE which was signed in malacanang palace

on OCT.14,1943 .

THE REAL COLLABORATORS

The collaborators representing a very small minority of the population,were ignorant and fanatical japanophiles(pro-japanese) namely the- GANAPS,PALAAKS,THE UNITED NIPPON,THE PAMPARS,and the MAKAPILIS.The ganaps-were formerly the pro japanese sakdalistas headed by the frustrated tagalog writer-demagogue BENIGNO RAMOS the founder of the sakdal party.The palaaks are the member of the so called bamboo army which the japanese army organized in 1943,.

Their duties were..1.To help the japanese apprehend the

guerillas and their supporters.2.To render guard duties for the japanese

army3 .To report to the japanese military

authorities the presence of guerillas in the town .

The U.N (UNITED NIPPON)Was a military organization, whose members were drawn from the ganap partyPAMPARSWere a notorious band of filipino collaborators named PAMBANSANG PAG ASA NG MGA ANAK NI RIZAL (NATIONAL HOPE OF THE SONS OF RIZAL.

HAIST!! THANK GOD NTAPOS DIN!!!