pharmaceuticals in michigan waters - miottawa · pharmaceuticals in michigan waters amy l. perbeck,...

Pharmaceuticals in Michigan Waters

Amy L. Perbeck, MPH

Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

[email protected]

Ottawa County Third Annual Water Quality ForumNovember 14, 2008

Sampling Protocol• Emerging Issues Monitoring through Clean

Michigan Initiative – Clean Water Fund• January, April, July, October 2005

• Ann Arbor and Grand Rapids– Source water, finished drinking water– WWTP influent/effluent

• Monroe– Source water, finished drinking water

Target Analytes

• Antibiotics– Sulfamethoxazole– Lincomycin– Tylosin– Trimethoprim

• Analgesics– Acetaminophen– Codeine– Ibuprofen

• Beta-blockers– Atenolol – Metoprolol– Propranolol

• Lipid Regulators– Clofibric acid– Gemfibrozil

Target Analytes (cont’d)

• Hormones and Sterols– 17-β-estradiol– 17-α-ethinylestradiol– Estrone– Estriol– Cholesterol– Coprostanol

• Miscellaneous– Carbamazepine– Fluoxetine– Norfluoxetine– Caffeine

• Extras– Cimetidine– Diltiazem– 1,7-Dimethylxanthine– Diphenylhydramine– Erythromycin– Miconazole– Sertraline– Thiobendazole– Warfarin

• GC/MS for hormones/sterols• LC/MS/MS for remainder

Compounds Detected in Source Water

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Hormones

/Sterols

Anticon

vulsa

ntLipid

Regulators

Stimulants

Beta-Block

ers

Analges

ics

Antibiot

ics

Category

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

Ann ArborGrand RapidsMonroe

Compounds Detected in Drinking Water

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Hormones

/Sterols

Anticon

vulsa

ntLipid

Regulators

Stimulants

Beta-Block

ers

Analges

ics

Antibiot

ics

Category

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)


Effect of Water Treatment

0102030405060708090

100

Hormon

es/Sterol

sAnti

conv

ulsant

Lipid R

egula

tors

Stimula

ntsBeta

-Bloc

kers

Analge

sics

Antibio

tics

Category

Perc

ent R

emov

al


Compounds Detected in Wastewater Influent

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Hormon

es/Sterol

sAnti

conv

ulsant

Lipid R

egula

tors

Stimula

ntsBeta

-Bloc

kers

Analge

sics

Antibio

tics

Antide

pressa

nts

Category

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

Ann ArborGrand Rapids

Compounds Detected in Wastewater Effluent

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Hormon

es/Sterol

sAnti

conv

ulsant

Lipid R

egula

tors

Stimula

ntBeta

-Bloc

kers

Analge

sics

Antibio

tics

Antide

pressa

nts

Category

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)


Effect of Wastewater Treatment

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Hormon

es/Ster

olsAnti

conv

ulsan

tLip

id Regu

lators

Stimula

ntsBeta

-Bloc

kers

Analges

icsAnti

biotic

sAnti

depres

sants

Category

Perc

ent R

emov

al


Grand Rapids Source Water vs. Drinking Water

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Cholesterol Caffeine Tylosin Propranolol Metoprolol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

Source WaterDrinking Water


0

5

10

15

20

25

Ibuprofen

Sulfamethox

azole

Atenolol

17-B-E

strad

iolCarbam

azepin

e1,7-

Dimeth

ylxanthi

neAce

taminophen

Estriol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)



0123456789

10

Estron

eCop

rostan

ol17

-a-Ethi

nylestr

adiol

Diltiaze

m

Gemfib

rozilLin

comyc

inTrim

ethop

rim

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)


Grand Rapids Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

Caffeine

Acetam

inoph

en1,7

-Dim

ethylx

anthi

ne

Ibupro

fen

Atenolol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Cholesterol Coprostanol Clofibric Acid Gemfibrozil

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent


050

100150200250300350400450

Sulfam

ethox

azole

Cimeti

dineTrim

ethop

rimCarb

amaze

pine

Fluoxeti

ne

Codeine

17-a-

Ethinyle

strad

iolMetop

rolol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent


0102030405060708090

100

Estron

e

Estriol

Propran

ololThiob

enda

zole

Linco

mycin

Tylosin

Miconaz

ole17

-B-E

strad

iolWarf

arinDiltia

zem

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent

Should We Regulate PPCPs?

• “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.”

– often attributed to Albert Einstein

Unanswered Questions• Is any of this a problem?

– Antibiotic resistance– Endocrine disruption– Aquatic life

• Persistence and bioaccumulation?

– Wildlife– Human health

• Allergic reactions?

• How can these compounds be removed?– Cost, technical feasibility

Points to Ponder• Extremely low concentrations

– Detected only because of improved technology

• Input is essentially constant – As is exposure of aquatic organisms

• Complex mixtures of compounds designed to be biologically active– Potential additive/synergistic effects

• “Pass-through” suggests resistance to biodegradation– Stable throughout manufacture/storage

• Need better fate and transport data to accurately assess impact

Acknowledgments

• Bryan Brooks and Kevin Chambliss, Baylor University Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research

• Janice Skadsen, City of Ann Arbor Water Utilities• John Wierenga, City of Grand Rapids Lake

Michigan Filtration Plant• Scott Allen, City of Monroe• Daniel Meyering and Brian Rice, Fleis and

VandenBrink Engineering

Compounds Detected in Source Water

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Hormones

/Sterols

Anticon

vulsa

ntLipid

Regulators

Stimulants

Beta-Block

ers

Analges

ics

Antibiot

ics

Category

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)


Compounds Detected in Drinking Water

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Hormones

/Sterols

Anticon

vulsa

ntLipid

Regulators

Stimulants

Beta-Block

ers

Analges

ics

Antibiot

ics

Category

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)


Effect of Water Treatment

0102030405060708090

100

Hormon

es/Sterol

sAnti

conv

ulsant

Lipid R

egula

tors

Stimula

ntsBeta

-Bloc

kers

Analge

sics

Antibio

tics

Category

Perc

ent R

emov

al


Compounds Detected in Wastewater Influent

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Hormon

es/Sterol

sAnti

conv

ulsant

Lipid R

egula

tors

Stimula

ntsBeta

-Bloc

kers

Analge

sics

Antibio

tics

Antide

pressa

nts

Category

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)


Compounds Detected in Wastewater Effluent

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Hormon

es/Sterol

sAnti

conv

ulsant

Lipid R

egula

tors

Stimula

ntBeta

-Bloc

kers

Analge

sics

Antibio

tics

Antide

pressa

nts

Category

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)


Effect of Wastewater Treatment

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Hormon

es/Ster

olsAnti

conv

ulsan

tLip

id Regu

lators

Stimula

ntsBeta

-Bloc

kers

Analges

icsAnti

biotic

sAnti

depres

sants

Category

Perc

ent R

emov

al


Ann Arbor Source Water vs. Drinking Water

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Caffeine

Acetaminop

hen

Cholesterol

1,7-Dim

ethylx

anthine

17-a-E

thinylestr

adiol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Ibuprofen

Carbamaz

epine

Sulfamethox

azole

Codeine

Atenolol

Estrone

Estriol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Gemfibroz

ilCopros

tanol

Trimetho

prim

Metopro

lol17-B

-Estr

adiol

Diltiaze

mDiphe

nylhyd

ramine

Propranolo

l

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)


Ann Arbor Wastewater Influent vs. Effluent

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

Caffein

e

Acetam

inoph

en1,7-

Dimeth

ylxan

thine

Ibupro

fen

Atenolol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent


0100200300400500600700800900

100011001200130014001500

Choleste

rol

Sulfam

ethox

azole

Copros

tanol

Gemfib

rozilThiob

enda

zole

Carbam

azepin

eCim

etidine

Codeine

Trimeth

oprim

Estriol

Metoprol

ol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Linco

mycin

Estron

e17

-B-E

strad

iol17

-a-Ethi

nyles

tradio

lMico

nazo

leProp

ranolo

lClof

ibric

Acid

Warfari

n

Diltiaze

m

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent

Monroe Source Water vs. Drinking Water

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Atenolol

Choleste

rol

Caffeine

Acetam

inoph

en

Sulfam

ethox

azole

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent


02468

101214161820

1,7-D

imeth

ylxan

thine

Gemfib

rozilCarb

amaze

pine

Ibupro

fen

Metoprol

olTrim

ethop

rim

Estriol

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent


00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

5

Codeine

Tylosin

Diltiaze

m17

-a-Ethi

nylestr

adiol

17-B

-Estr

adiol

Propran

ololLin

comyc

inThiob

enda

zole

Miconaz

ole

Compound

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/L)

InfluentEffluent

pharmaceuticals in michigan waters - miottawa · pharmaceuticals in michigan waters amy l. perbeck,...

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