pg. 134 rtw: what is one interesting thing you learned about mollusca? objective: – i will be...
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Pg. 134 RTW: What is one interesting thing you learned about Mollusca?
• Objective:– I will be prepared for the Marine EOC on 5/18.
• Agenda:– Final Review– Aves need to send me quiz for approval
• Homework:– Fish Food Project
Monday, May 4th, 2015
Pg. 134 RTW: Would you rather fight a 100 duck size horses or 1
horse size duck?• Objective:
– I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Aves.
• Agenda:– Aves Foldable– Aves group be ready to present tomorrow!– Fish & Sharks group send digital documents by today!
• Homework:– Fish Food Project
Tuesday, May 5th, 2015
Chordata Foldable (Class Aves)
Examples:Marine and coastal birds: Pelicans, Albatross, Blue-footed
booby, Sandpipers, Penguins.Bird orders end in the suffix –iformesCharacteristics:Light weight bonesEndothermicThree feather types: Down, Contour, PowderMost have a gland to convert salth2o to freshh2oSeveral species have webbed feet for swimming
Chordata foldable (marine birds) Diagram:
Reproduction: egg-laying, internal fertilization
Marine Birds
Characteristics
• Depend on the ocean for survival• Lightweight bones• Return to land to breed.• Endothermic = create their own body heat• 3 Types of feathers:• 1- Down = small, fluffy, closest to skin, for
warmth.• 2- Contour = larger, cover wings and body,
for flight.• 3- Powder = Repel water, protect the down
Bird Orders Class Aves broken into 29
orders All orders end in –iformes
Ex. Pelecaniformes- Pelicans (totipalmate swimmers)
Ex. Passeriformes- Songbirds
Diving Pelagic Birds
Open-ocean birds, spend most of their lives at sea
Puffins, petrels, shearwaters, albatross Migrate thousands of km each year
Large nostrils located in short tubes on sides/top of bill
Spend most of life at sea Come to land only to breed Wandering Albatross-Largest
wingspan of all living birds (nearly 12 feet)
Wandering Albatross
WanderingAlbatrosschick
Shearwater
Penguins Can dive down 800 meters
for food Flightless, marine, pelagic,
swimming and diving birds The Emperor Penguin is
the largest @ 4ft, 75lb
Penguins
• The most aquatic of all marine birds• 15 species (all are in the Southern
Hemisphere)• No contour feather (can’t fly)• Thick layer of fat and dense down feathers• Excellent swimmers/divers• Eyes adapted for underwater vision• Both males and females take care of
watching the egg and chicks
Emperor Penguins
Adelie Penguins
Babies
Rockhopper Penguin
King Penguins
Penguin
Totipalmate Swimmers All 4 toes are webbed Pelicans, Gannets,
Cormorants& Frigatebirds Some breathe through their
mouth (nasal openings are closed)
American White Pelican
Blue-footedBooby
Long-legged Waders Herons, Egrets, Ibises,
Spoonbills, Storks & Vultures
Herons & Egrets have S shaped neck in flight
Herons & Herons & Egrets Egrets have S shaped have S shaped neck in flightneck in flight
Storks hold neck extended in flight
Bird populations decreased because of plume hunters (1902-1903)
Fashionable for women to wear feathers in their hats
4 birds=1 ounce ($32/oz)
1,608 packages of plumes in a commercial sales room in 1902
Each package weighed 30 oz totaling 48,240 oz
Required the lives of 192,960 herons
Flamingos Pink plumage due to
carotenoids obtained from food, cyanobacteria
Most unusual feature is the bent bill held upside down to feed
At one time occurred naturally in the state of Florida
Nest made on a cone shaped pedestal of mud
Young swim day of hatching
Flamingo
Marsh birds Crane, Coots & Moorhens Losing more species of
birds than any major order of birds
The Whooping Crane is the tallest American bird
Whooping Crane &chick
Sandhill Crane-Morecommonly seen
Roseate Spoonbill
Shorebirds Much diversity
Divers, skimmers, waders
Lakes, coastal waters, beaches, meadows
Shorebirds Sandpiper – narrow, pointed bill Snowy egret – long, flexible neck Roseate Spoonbill Sea ducks Sea Gull - scavengers
American Avocet
Diurnal Birds of Prey Hawks, Eagles, Kites &
Ospreys Have short, decurved hooked
beaks Excellent eyesight Feed on birds, mammals, fish
or reptiles
Osprey
Kingfishers Large heads with
spearlike bills Dive straight into water
for fish
Belted Kingfisher
Perching Birds All the Songbirds Ex. Cardinals, Jays,
Wrens, Warblers, etc. Includes Loggerhead
Shrike & Florida Scrub Jay
Feather Anatomy
What is preening?
Definition: Preening is the process by which birds groom and care for their feathers. When a bird is preening, she uses her beak to pick through her feathers -- removing any debris, arranging feathers that are out of place, and distributing a special oil that is secreted from a gland at the base of the tail. This oil helps a bird's feathers stay healthy and shiny.
No RTW: Aves group be ready to present when the bell rings!
• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Aves.
• Agenda:– Aves Fish Food Presentation
• Homework:– Fish Food Project
Wednesday, May 6th, 2015
Chordate Foldable (sharks and fish)
Examples:Class Agnatha: jawless fishClass Chondrichthyes : sharks, rays, skatesClass Osteichthyes (Actinopterygii): bony fish
Characteristics: Gills for breathing (several shark species have to
swim to breathe)Chondrichthyes have cartilage instead of boneOsteichthyes have bony skeletons and ray finsAgnatha have no jaws but rows of teeth in a circular
formation
Chordate (sharks and fish) Diagrams:
Reproduction:Agnatha and Osteichthyes: spawning or internal fertilization. Lay eggs (some are tended to others are on their own)
Chondrichthyes: internal fertilization
- viviparous: live birth
- ovoviviparous: egg stays in mom until hatched
- oviparous: egg laying (mermaids purse)
Pg. 132 RTW: What is one interesting fact about Aves?
• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Fish & Sharks.
• Agenda:– Fish & Sharks Foldable– Fish & Sharks group be ready to present tomorrow!
• Homework:– Fish Food Project
Thursday, May 7th, 2015
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Characteristics Backbone Bilateral symmetry Endoskeleton Fish-simplest & oldest of all living vertebrates
(Fossils date back to 400 million years ago) Most abundant-over 22,000 species of fish in
world 58% are marine
Jawless Fishes
class Agnatha Most primitive No jaws- feed by
suction
Cartilaginous Fishes
class Chondrichthyes (Con-dric-thees)
Sharks, rays, skates, & ratfishes
Skeleton is made of cartilage Lighter & more flexible
than bone
Mouth is ventral (underneath head) Sandpaper like skin May have well developed teeth
Constantly are replaced
Movement Fins more rigid than bony fish Rely on pectoral fins to “lift” them in order to
prevent sinking (no air bladder) Large, oily liver that increases buoyancy Streamline body shape – moves quickly b/c
of large muscles in the caudal fin. Asymmetric caudal fin improves stability
Sharks
Smallest = pygmy shark (25cm) Largest = whale shark (15 meters)!
These are filter feeders. Bottom dwellers = nurse & leopard Most aggressive = Great White Other dangerous sharks = Tiger and
Hammerhead
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DbCcMbOL3M&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Sensory Sensitive receptors to detect stimuli:
Lateral Line organHair-like sensors that pick up sound vibrations
up to ½ km away
Ampullae of Lorenzini in the snout – senses electric fields generated by the muscles of potential prey.
2/3 of the sharks brain is devoted to sense and smell
Reproduction• Internal fertilization• Male sharks = Claspers that hold onto female for
transfer of sperm into reproductive tract.• Some (mostly aggressive) have internal
development and live births (viviparous) - -hammerheads
• Some start predation early by devouring their siblings before they hatch!
• Other sharks and skates have external development – develop in a black, leathery case called a “mermaids purse” – take over a year to develop. (oviparous)
Whale Shark- largest fish in existence
Bull Sharks
Very AggressiveFresh and Saltwater
Sharks must swim to force water over their gillsIf caught in nets they will drown
Some exceptions: nurse sharks- gills can contain enough oxygen w/o swimming
Bony Fishes class Osteichthyes (Osti-ich-thees) Skeleton partially bone Have an operculum-gill cover to protect gills Caudal fin usually same size (top & bottom)
Bony fish have fin rays vs. cartilaginous fins
& a swim bladder
Sunfish-largest Bony fish1996, Japan9.6 ft long
Biology of Fishes Study of fishes: Ichthyology Body Shape Directly related to lifestyle Fast swimmers=streamlined
Coral reef fish=laterally
compressed
Elongated bodies fit into rocks & other narrow spaces
Truncate, short-
Laterally compressed-Laterally compressed-at beginning of life one at beginning of life one eye on each side then eye on each side then migrates to same sidemigrates to same side
Irregular shapes help with concealment-
Countercurrent exchange Heat
exchange: legs of birds, body heating of fish such as Tuna and Mako shark
Fins
Pairs = Pectoral & Pelvic Single = Dorsal, Anal & Symmetric
Caudal (have air bladder for stability) Skin – slimy mucus coating acts as a
barrier against infection and friction
Pelvic Fin Anal Fin
1st Dorsal Fin
2nd Dorsal Fin
Pectoral Fin
Caudal Fin
No RTW: Fish & Sharks group be ready to present when the bell rings!
• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the
adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Fish & Sharks.
• Agenda:– Fish & Sharks Fish Food Presentation– Reptilia group send digital documents by today!
• Homework:– Fish Food Project
Friday, May 8th , 2015