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AN OVERVIEW OF INDONESIA’S NATURAL GAS VEHICLE (NGV) INDUSTRY

• The Industry and Market Challenges

• NGV Market Opportunities Outlook

MARCH 2009

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NATURAL GAS

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NATURAL GAS – AN ALTERNATIF SOURCE OF ENERGY

• Natural gas, like crude oil and coal, is a type of fossil fuel known as “hybdrocarbons.” Unlike other fossil fuels, however, natural gas is clean burning and emits lower levels of potentially harmful by products into the air.

• Natural gas is formed primarily of methane, and can also include ethane, propane, butane and pentane.

• Natural gas is colorless, shapeless, and odorless in its pure form.

• Worldwide price of natural gas fuel for vehicles has been on average 30% lower than regular Diesel Fuel price

GAS SPECIFICATION

Pentana3%

Butana4%

Propana5%

Ethane5%

Methane80%

lain-lain3%

• Natural gas has long been considered an alternative fuel for the transportation sector. According to the Natural Gas Vehicle Coalition data, there are currently more than 2.5 million Natural Gas Vehicles worldwide.

• The usage of natural gas has been continuously increasing worldwide due to:

• being the cleanest burning alternative transportation fuel available today;

• the economical advantages particularly from the continuous rise of oil prices (30% cheaper than gasoline vehicles to refuel, and in many cases the maintenance costs for NGVs is lower than traditional gasoline vehicles).

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CNG VS. Other Fuels

ITEM CNG LPG DIESEL FUEL (ADO/HSD)

DIESEL OIL (IDO/MDF)

RESIDU (HFO)

KEROSENE

Calorie Value + 9.500 Kcal/m3 + 11.500 Kcal/kg + 9.083Kcal/liter + 9.270Kcal/liter + 9.766 Kcal/liter + 8.840 Kcal/liter

Sulfur Nature Nol Low High High High High

Burnet Problem Clean Clean Dirty Dirty Dirty

Ignition Efficiency 95% 95% 80% 80% 80% 80%

Storage tank Required Required Required Required Required Required

Transportation Required Required Required Required Required Required

Transport Cost None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Pressure Stabile without Stabile with Stabile with Stabile with Stabile with Stabile with

Supporting Pump Evaporator Pump Pump Pump Pump

Preheating Not Required Not Required Required Required Required Required

Maintenance Cost Low Medium High High High High

Losses Risk None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Maximum Supply Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

Iron Stock Fuel Not Required Required Required Required Required Required

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NATURAL GAS – AN ALTERNATIF SOURCE OF ENERGY

go greenBLUEPRINT PENGELOLAAN ENERGI NASIONAL 2005 – 2025 Dept. ESDM

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MRSGas Negara

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CNG Stationary Fueling System Flow

1. Compressor Package

2. Priority Panel

3. Storage Cylinder

4. Dispenser

a. MR/S

b. Gas Dryer

5. SCADA & Card Key System

6. PLC Controller

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INDONESIA’S NGV DEVELOPMENT

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NATURAL GAS DEVELOPERS

GOVERNMENT

INTERNAL SOURCE OF ENERGY AVAILABLE

EXTERNAL SOURCE (IMPORTS)

NATURAL GAS MARKET DEMAND

THE GOVERNMENT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE NGV DEVELOPMENT

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INDUSTRY ANALYSIS -

Industry GrowthDrivers

Competition & Barriers to Entry

Customer Base Suppliers Industry Trends

• Governmental Regulation on the Gas Sector;

• Improved economic condition;

• Developments & growth of the Natural Gas Vehicle Industry;

• Increase consumer awareness on safety awareness of natural gas vehicles;

• Oil Price fluctuation toward Indonesia gasoline prices;

• Government regulation to reduce subsidy to gasoline price.

• Increase awareness of global warming whereby gasoline emission contributes the most pollutant;

• Price of other energy like oil and LPG has increase;

• Increase awareness that CNG is safe as being used in TransJakarta busses.

• High capital costs compare to regular gasoline station;

• Barrier to access & develop new strategic distribution network with DKI;

• New Stations for the Busway Program is restricted as development planning is coordinated by DKI as land area shall be provided.

• Four major customer base groups:1. Transjakarta Bus2. Taxi’s and Angkot3. Bajaj4. Private Vehicles5. Industry.

• Only gasoline fuel base vehicles can be added with a CNG converter kit;

• Only industry that is within a transportable range and not having a PGN pipe line is feasible to be supplied CNG by the company.

• Three major types of Supplier of Gas through pipeline distribution to a designated CNG Station:

1. PGN

2. Pertamina

3. Others

• So far only PGN is the only company with the widest spredof pipeline distribution in Jakarta.

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INDONESIA’S NGV DEVELOPMENT (1986 – 2005)

Since 1986, the Indonesia Government has promote the usage of CNG for the transportation

sector for the purpose of diversification of energy and to endorse the blue sky program,

however since then, little development had took place, due to some of the following reason:

• Price of petrol oil was relatively low during the early 90’s and is subsidized by the

Government;

• Low incentives and economic value were provided for NGV users ;

• The spread and number of CNG stations were limited.

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CNG STATION PETROL STATION

Rp. 1.550,- / Liter

ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES

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CNG STATION AVAILABILITY

CNG STATION PETROL STATION

Rp. 1.650,- / Liter

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INDONESIA’S NGV DEVELOPMENT (2005 - TODAY)

HARGA MINYAK PER BAREL-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

SEBELUMNYA SEKARANG TANPA SUBSIDI

BBGSOLAR

• The domestic oil production lifting had decline over the years ;

• Indonesia has become a net importer country rather than an exporter country for oil;

• Petrol Oil price had gradually increased and by mid year of 2008 the price of oil had reached its

highest point ever ;

• Continuous increase in the number of vehicles ;

• The Indonesia’s Government reduced subsidizing the national petrol oil ;

• Increase of pollutant level from vehicle emission particularly in DKI Jakarta;

Har

gaB

BG

The Indonesia Government reacted to the unfavorable energy crisis by promoting alternative energy including the usage of CNG for the purpose

of diversification of energy and to lessen the environmental polution of vehicle emmision.

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REGULATION

Government Regulation promoting CNG usage:

1. Keputusan Gubernur Nomor 141 Tahun 2007 tentang aplikasi BBG untuk kendaraanumum dan dinas DKI

2. Peraturan Presiden No No. 5 Tahun 2006 kebijakan energy Nasional3. Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia No No. 10 Tahun 2005 tentang penghematan

energy4. Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral No No. 0031 Tahun 2005 tentang

prosedur pengimplementasian penghematan energy khususnya pada butir 5 klausal 2 tetang percepatan penggunaan BBG untuk sektor transportasi umum

5. Perda 2 Tahun 2005 tentang pengawasan Polusi udara terutama pada artikel 20 tentang penggunaan BBG untuk kendaraan umum dan kendaraan dinas pemerintah

6. Keputusan Gubernur No No. 95 95/2004 tentang penerapan usaha minyak dan gas bumi di wilayah DKI Jakarta

7. Instruksi Gubernur No No.77 Tahun 2005 tentang Program penghematan energi di DKI Jakarta

8. Keputusan Gubernur No No. 33 33/2008 tentang penerapan penghematan energy diDKI Jakarta

9. Keputusan Kepala Dinas Pertambangan Provinsi DKI Jakarta No. 2508 2508/1.824 824.132 132/93 tentang kehendak pemerintah untuk menambah instalasi dispenser BBG pada setiap Stasiun pengisian bahan bakar Umum (SPBU) di wilayah DKI Jakarta

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REGULATION

THE KEY REGULATION ENDORSING CNG USAGE FOR TRANSPORTATION SECTOR:

• Keputusan Menteri Kelestarian Lingkiungan Hidup No. 141 Tahun 2003 tentangPemberlakuan Batas Emisi Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor sesuai dengan Standard Euro II mulai 1 Januari 2005 untuk Kendaraan Baru dan 1 Juli 2007 untuk Kendaraan yang sedangDiproduksi/sudah beredar di pasaran.

• In-Pres Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 10 tahun 2005 tentang Penghematan Energi yang Diimplementasikandalam Peraturan Menteri Sumber Daya Mineral No. 0031 Tahun 2005 Tentang Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Penghematan Energi terutama pasal 5 ayat 2 yaitu memacuPemakaian Bahan Bakar Gas padaKendaraan Umum

• Peraturan Daerah (PERDA) Propinsi DKI Jakarta Nomor 2 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara dimana dinyatakan pada tahun 2006 kendaraan umum dan kendaraan dinas pemerintah wajib memakai gas.

• Kep. Gubernur DKI No. 141/2007 tentang Pengunaan Bahan Bakar Gas untuk AngkutanUmum dan Kendaraan Operasional Pemerintah Daerah.

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20 MAY 2006

Peresmian Gerakan Pemasyarakatan & Pemanfaatan BBG Pada Kendaraan Bermotorsekaligus Peresmian SPBBG PETROSS di Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan oleh Bapak Presiden

RI Susilo Bambang Yudoyono

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20 MAY 2006

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PROGRAM BBG DI DKI

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DKI’S JAKARTA TRANSPORTATION SECTOR CONDITION:

• A continuos increase in the number of vehicle by 7-10% yearly.

• An estimated 6 million vehicles in DKI Jakarta, which 600.000 of the vehicles (1,2 mil

people) enters from the outside Jakarta daily.

• Around 669 of new car registration application are requested daily.

• New road developments is very low (around 1% annum) compare to new vehicles.

• The daily mobilization of vehicles in Jakarta reached 4,95 mil (motorcycles 53%, private

vehicles 30%, buses 7%, dan trucks 10%).

• The ration between Public Transportation and Private Vehicles is 98% to 2%.

• 85% of the usage of the road from vehicles are used by private vehicles.

• Degradation and deminishing of the number of the public transportation.(Source: Dinas Perhubungan Pemprov DKI JKT)

Busway As One Option of the Solution

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DKI JAKARTA ENVIRONMENTAL FACTS:

• Considered as the Third World’s Most Polutted City in the World after Mexico City and Bangkok.

(Badan Lingkungan Hidup Dunia/UNEP)

• 67% of the polution in Jakarta was due to the emission from vehilces. (UNEP)

• A yearly estimated economic lost of Rp 12 trillion is lost due to high traffic jam, production time,

and fuel evaporation (Yayasan Pelangi, 2003)

Bus TransJakarta using an environmental friendly fuel :Compressed Natural Gas Fuel

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SPBBG PETROSSRAWA BUAYA

SPBBG PETROSSPERINTIS

PEMILIK LOKASI TAHUN OPERASI STATUS

Pertamina Jl. Sumenep 1987 Operational

Pertamina Jl. Raya Pluit 1990 Not Operate

Pertamina Jl. Blvrd. Timur 1996 Not Operate

Pertamina Jl. Raya Benda 1995 Not Operate

Pertamina Jl. Raya Bekasi 1989 Not Operate

Pertamina Jl. Pemuda 1987 Operational

Elnusa Jl. Danau Sunter 1997 Not Operate

Elnusa Jl. Daan Mogot 1993 Not Operate

PPD/DKI Jl. Daan Mogot 1997 Operational

Sugiron Jl. A. Yani 1994 Not Operate

PGN Jl. Raya Bekasi 1998 Operational

Pertamina Jl. Raya Bogor 1994 Not Operate

PertaminaJl. Warung

Buncit1991 Not Operate

Pertamina Jl. Pasar Minggu 1997 Operational

The early CNG station in Jakarta

• From the original 14 CNG Station in Jakarta, only 5 was still operational in 2006.

• Out of those 5 CNG Stations that were operational, only 2 has the equipment capacity to serve large CNG vehicles

PROGRAM BUSWAY DKI

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FEASIBLE STUDY ON VOLUME SUPPLY

CNG STATION OWNERS

• Conduct an engineering design and equipment capacity calculation to support the CNG volume needed.

• All are mostly custom made design and tailored toward the TransJakarta busses requirements.

• Conduct an agreement with DKI, and/or the bus operators.

DATA PEMAKAIAN Calculation Data of Corridor Cor. XTotal Jarak per Koridor km xxPerkiraan Jumlah Rit per Hari per Bus x xxJarak Tempuh per Hari km xxKilometer Tempuh per LSP LSP xxKomsumsi Gas per bus per Hari LSP xx

Jumlah Armada Busway unit xxEstimasi Komsumsi per hari LSP xx

DESIGN WORK :

- Engineering design- Architectural design

EQUIPMENTS :

- Gas Engine Compressor- Storage Cylinder- Dispenser- Booster Compressor

- Dryer- POS System

CIVIL WORK :

- Land Development - Canopy & Office Building- Approvals

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DESIGNING THE STATION

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PROGRAM BUSWAY DKI

OPERATOR KORIDOR JUMLAH BUS SPBBG PENGISIAN

* PT. TRANSBATAVIA II 80 PETROSS PERINTIS KEMERDEKAAN

* PT. TRANSBATAVIA III 46 PETROSS RAWA BUAYA

** PT. JAKARTA TRANS METROPOLITAN IV 27 PETROSS PERINTIS KEMERDEKAAN

*** PT. JAKARTA MEGA TRANSPOLITAN V 17 PPD DAAN MOGOT

** PT. JAKARTA TRANS METROPOLITAN VI 34PETROSS PERINTIS KEMERDEKAAN

PERTAMINA PEMUDA

*** PT. JAKARTA MEGA TRANSPOLITAN VII 51 PPD DAAN MOGOT

TOTAL BUS 255

KONSORSIUM IX N/A

PT. LORENA EKA SARI VIII N/A

KONSORSIUM X N/A

* Sesuai Perjanjian Kerja Sama antara Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) Transjakarta dengan PT. Trans Batavia (TB) nomor 002/BPTJ/PPKPAS/I/06 tanggal 13 January 2006 dan 003/BPTJ/PPKPAS/I/06 tanggal 13 January 2006 dimana TB akan menyediakan 126 bus pada awal tahun 2007.

** Sesuai Surat Perintah Kerja dari BLU kepada PT. Jakarta Trans Metropolitan (JTM) nomor 004/-077.922 dan 006/-077.922

*** Sesuai Surat Perintah Kerja dari BLU kepada PT. Jakarta Mega Trans (JMT) nomor 003/-077.922 dan 005/-077.922

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BUSWAY – DKI PAYMENT SCHEME

MASYARAKAT PENGGUNA BUSWAY

DANA HASIL TIKET BUSWAY KORIDOR I - VII

SUBSIDI

JUMLAH TIKET TERJUAL X Rp. 3.500,- /TIKETAPBD

PT. JET(KORIDOR I)

PT. TB(KORIDOR II & III)

PT. JTM(KORIDOR IV & VI)

PT. JMT(KORIDOR V & VII)

OPERATOR BUS TRANSJAKARTA DIBAYAR OLEH BLU TRANSJAKARTA BERDASARKAN KONTRAK RUPIAH PER KILOMETER

PERTAMINA CNG STATION PRICE Rp. 2.562,- / lsp

BADAN LAYANAN UMUM (BLU)

go greenBLUEPRINT PENGELOLAAN ENERGI NASIONAL 2005 – 2025 Dept. ESDM

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CNG CONVERSIONBy Mr. John Hartley

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CNG Terminology NG : Natural Gas; A gas found in a vapor state underground CNG : Compressed Natural Gas; Natural gas that is compressed at high presser on siteNGV : Natural Gas Vehicles; Vehicle powered by natural gas

Bi fuel : Able to operation on either petrol or CNG by way of a change over switchDual fuel : The operation of the two diesel and CNG at the same time by way of fuel

substitution Mono fuel : A dedicated single fuel system

Non Stoichiometric: A manual aspirated gas system with out emission control devicesStoichiometric : A fuel system that is controlled by a close loop system (ECU with O2

sensor) used to keep the emission system operating at lambda Lead Burn : Generally used on turbo charged engine and operate at 1.20 lambda

(a very lead fuel mixture)

Manual Aspirated : Where gas enters the engines inlet manifold through a gas air mixer Gas Injection : Where gas vapors are injected into the engine as like a petrol injection

system

EURO I, II, III, IV : The European reference for vehicle tail pipe emission standards used by most of the world to ensure the reduction of harmful and toxic gases produced by combustion engines

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The advantages with straight natural gasThe advantages with straight natural gas::

1.1. Engine modified to run on Natural GasEngine modified to run on Natural Gas2.2. Simply operationSimply operation3.3. Only one fuel supplyOnly one fuel supply4.4. Less maintenanceLess maintenance5.5. Cost efficient Cost efficient 6.6. Lower exhaust emissions (pollution)Lower exhaust emissions (pollution)

1. Straight Gas1. Straight Gas

Disadvantage with straight natural gasDisadvantage with straight natural gas::

1.1. Engine must be modifiedEngine must be modified2.2. Engine can only run on natural gasEngine can only run on natural gas3.3. Maintenance of a spark ignition systemMaintenance of a spark ignition system

Straight natural gas systemStraight natural gas systemIs where we convert the compression Is where we convert the compression

ignition engine to a spark ignition ignition engine to a spark ignition engine engine

Re place the Diesel Fuel Gas Fuel via a Re place the Diesel Fuel Gas Fuel via a Carburetor or Gas injection systemCarburetor or Gas injection system

There are 4 main sections that the There are 4 main sections that the conversion is broken intoconversion is broken into

1.1. Engine Engine Modification Modification

2.2. Ignition Ignition SystemSystem

3.3. Gas Gas EquipmentEquipment

4.4. Gas Gas Storage and Storage and

PipingPiping

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Engine Components Modification

3 way catalytic

converter

Piston modificationTo reduce the compression ratio

Modified

Camshaft

The addition of a throttle body

Modification of the cylinder head to take a spark plug

Spark plug and Coil

Ignition Trigger Device

ModificationInlet ManifoldFor Gas Injectors

State of the artCNG ECU controls

High pressureCNG reducer

ElectronicControlledHigh PressureGas lock

ManifoldAbsolutePressureSensor

ThrottlePositionSwitch

Oxygensensor

CNG Injector

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The advantage with Dual fuel systemThe advantage with Dual fuel system::

1.1. No engine modificationNo engine modification2.2. Will operate on diesel onlyWill operate on diesel only3.3. Requires no spark ignition systemRequires no spark ignition system

2. Duel Fuel System2. Duel Fuel System

Disadvantage with Dual fuelDisadvantage with Dual fuel::

1.1. Requires two fuel suppliesRequires two fuel supplies2.2. Maintenance of two fuel systemsMaintenance of two fuel systems3.3. Complicated operationComplicated operation4.4. Expensive operation costExpensive operation cost

A duel fuel, gas conversion is where we introduce A duel fuel, gas conversion is where we introduce natural gas into the air intake system. Control natural gas into the air intake system. Control device is attract to the diesel injector pump or device is attract to the diesel injector pump or injectors to reduce the amount of diesel fuel injectors to reduce the amount of diesel fuel entering the combustion chamber, the gas fuel is entering the combustion chamber, the gas fuel is increased until the combustion fuel ratio between increased until the combustion fuel ratio between the diesel and the gas fuel is within the required the diesel and the gas fuel is within the required power setting of the diesel enginepower setting of the diesel engine

5.5. High exhaust emission (pollution)High exhaust emission (pollution)

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Engine Components ModificationSimple Dual Fuel System

State of the artDual Fuel ECU

High pressureCNG reducer

ElectronicControlledHigh PressureGas lock

ManifoldAbsolutePressureSensor

ThrottlePositionSwitch

Gas Mixer

PneumaticControl

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Komponen dalam Conversion Kit

Petrol Emulator Switch / dash gaugeWith Safety Switch

Cylinder Tank

Service Line

CNG Reducer

Transducer / gaugeHigh Pressure Gas Lock

Cylinder Valve

CNG Filler Valve

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The advantage with fuel enhancement The advantage with fuel enhancement systemsystem::

1.1. No engine modification requiredNo engine modification required2.2. Will operate on diesel onlyWill operate on diesel only3.3. Requires no spark ignition systemRequires no spark ignition system4.4. Very cost efficient Very cost efficient

3. Fuel Enhancement System3. Fuel Enhancement System

Disadvantage with fuel enhancementDisadvantage with fuel enhancement::

1.1. Requires two fuel suppliesRequires two fuel supplies2.2. Maintenance of two fuel systemsMaintenance of two fuel systems3.3. Expensive operation costExpensive operation cost

A fuel enhancement gas fuel conversion is A fuel enhancement gas fuel conversion is where we introduce Between 5 to 10%where we introduce Between 5 to 10% gas gas fuel into the air intake system. fuel into the air intake system. Increasing the volatility air mixture going Increasing the volatility air mixture going into the combustion chamber, as a resolute into the combustion chamber, as a resolute of this effects the reduction of diesel fuel of this effects the reduction of diesel fuel takes place. Fuel enhancement provides a takes place. Fuel enhancement provides a more responsive and cleaner fuel burning more responsive and cleaner fuel burning mixturemixture

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Engine SizeEngine Size

Gas have been installed on Gas have been installed on engines ranging from ½ HP to engines ranging from ½ HP to over2000 HPover2000 HP

Engine ApplicationEngine ApplicationGenGen--set Enginesset EnginesIndustrial EnginesIndustrial EnginesMarine EnginesMarine EnginesConversion Fuel TypesConversion Fuel Types

LP GasLP GasNatural GasNatural GasWaste GasWaste Gas

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Benefits of Gas FuelBenefits of Gas Fuel

Air Quality & Air Quality & Greenhouse Greenhouse

Gas EmissionsGas Emissions

Cost Affective Cost Affective

Escapes Escapes from liquid from liquid

fuel transfersfuel transfers

Noise Noise reductionreduction

Healthy Healthy WorkersWorkers

SaveSaveMoneyMoney

Gas FuelGas Fuel

BBM VS BBG (Tabloid Otomotif 19 juni 2006)

Tenaga turun 11 % (61.4 HP menjadi 51.2 HP) apabila kendaraanmenggunakan BBG

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Torsi maksimum turun dari 104,66 Nm pada rpm 2.600 menjadi 88,13 Nm pada rpm 3.000

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Dengan menggunakan BBG maka kendaraan menghematpemakaian BBG hingga 30 % dibanding BBM

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NGV FILLING PROCESS

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Standard Keamanan Conversion Kit

Safety Valve Selenoid pengaman untuk mencegah terjadinya tekanan gas yang berlebihan pada converter kit ( Filling valve, Cylinder Valve, Converter Valve)

1. Seal pada sambungan pipa gas ke masing-masing komponen untuk mencegah terjadinya kebocoran gas

2. Kantong pelindung katup (valve) pada tangki penyimpanan untuk mencegah terjadinya kebocoran gas di bagasi kendaraan

3. Tangki penyimpanan BBG didesain khusus dan tahan benturan

4. Automatic Electric Security untuk mengatur pendistribusian gas

5. Standarisasi keamanan peralatan converter kit telah berserifikasi lolos uji layak pakai untuk jaminan keamanan kendaraan dari DepNaker.

6

1

3 5

2

4

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THANK YOUPT. PETROSS GAS

(subsidiary of PETROSS Group)Gedung ProMotor 3B Floor. Jl. Teuku Nyak Arif No. 14 Simpruk Jakarta 1222

Telp: +62-21-726-0630 ; Fax : +62-21-726-0448

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