peter richardson - impact of electric vehicles on low voltage distribution networks
TRANSCRIPT
Supervisors: Dr. Andrew Keane 18th January 2010
Dr. Damian Flynn
Impact of Impact of Electric Vehicles Electric Vehicles on Low Voltage on Low Voltage
Distribution Distribution NetworksNetworks
Peter RichardsonPeter Richardson
Charles Parsons PhD Scholarship
OverviewOverview
Introduction/Aim of Project Test Model Results Future plans/collaborations
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IntroductionIntroduction
Government targets will see increasing numbers of electric vehicles in future 10% of vehicles to be electric by 2020
New technologies will affect the traditional operation of power system Increase system demand Impact on network infrastructure
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Aim of ProjectAim of Project
Investigate the potential impact of electric vehicles charging on distribution networks
Maximise the potential benefits from such technologies while maintaining the network within safe operating limits
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Power SystemPower System5
Potential IssuesPotential Issues
Low Voltage (LV) distribution networks were not designed for accommodating such technologies
Large scale implementation could have adverse effects on LV networks: Voltage rise/drop Exceed capacity rating of equipment
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Test NetworkTest Network
2 MV/LV transformers
Lines are radial in nature
3 normally open connection points
307 houses 3.1 km mains cable 2.3 km service cable
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EV TechnologiesEV Technologies
Electric Vehicles (EVs) Battery EVs Plug-in Hybrid EVs
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Electric VehiclesElectric Vehicles
Simultaneous charging of large numbers of EVs could exceed distribution system capabilities Voltage drop limit 207 V (ie. 230 V - 10 %) Line/transformer capacities
Location of charging points and level of demand are main factors
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EV Charging Profiles (8kWh Battery)
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Test Network
Z
DC
B
A
Y
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Impact on 3-Phase Voltage Level
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Impact on 3-Phase Voltage Level
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Impact on Single-Phase Voltage Level
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Phase Interdependency
Load ModellingLoad ModellingConstant Impedance Loads Constant Power Loads
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Thermal LoadingThermal Loading
Transformer Substation Line17
ConclusionConclusion
20-40% penetration of EVs could potentially cause voltage to exceed safe operating limit
Charging point location and load modelling are significant factors
Individual phase analysis required
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Future PlansFuture Plans Develop different network models Test different load models (ZIP) Time-series analysis
Incorporate energy demand of individual EVs Varying time of connection
Optimisation of charging rates Proportional to voltage available
Assess ability to provide system support
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Future PlansFuture Plans Industry collaboration:
ESB Networks/EPRI Smart Grid Demonstration Programme Development of stochastic
models for testing Smart meters will record actual
EV charging regimes Use this data to further improve
optimisation techniques
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