pests are ‘unwanted’organisms njdep definition of pesticide · 2014. 12. 16. · aldicarb...

Master Gardeners Pesticides - What you need to know!

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Pesticides-What you need to know!

Patricia D. HastingsPesticide Safety Education Program Coordinator

Cooperative ExtensionPest Management Office

Today’s agenda• What is a pesticide?• Types & formulations• Environmental fate & transport• Health effects • Risk Assessment & registration• The pesticide label is the LAW!

NJDEP Definition of Pesticide

Any substance or mixture of substances, labeled, designed, or intended for use in preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest, or…

NJDEP NJAC 7:30 -1.2

Pests arePests are

nuisances...nuisances...

‘unwanted’‘unwanted’organisms...organisms...

disease vectors...disease vectors...

…sources of severe economic

losses

…sources of severe economic

losses


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Pesticides are as varied as the pests they control...

Fungicide Insecticide

Miticide

Herbicide

Rodenticide

Nematicide

Mollusciside

Avicide

Algicide

Algicide

pupalarva

egg

adult

Mosquito

•Plant Desiccants

•Plant Growth Regulators

• Paints & Stains (with pesticidal properties)

•Sanitizers/Disinfectants

•Plant Defoliants

•Pest control/ fertilizer co-formulations

*Specifically defined as pesticide (NJDEP NJAC 7:30 -1.2)

*

*

*

Other regulated pesticides…

Some pesticides are derived from natural substances:

•minerals•plants•microbials

(e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan)

Biopesticides

Source: www.epa.gov/pesticides/ biopesticides/whatarebiopesticides.htm

Not a product endorsement

• Botanical pesticide; plant-derived active ingredient is pyrethrin

• Potent broad-spectrum insecticide

• Relatively low mammalian toxicity

• Sensitive to air & light

• May have synergist to increase efficacy (e.g., piperonyl butoxide)

Pyrethrum

Pyrethrins/Pyrethroid Cumulative Risk Assessment (EPA, 2011)



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permethrinallethrinbioresmethrincypermethrinresmethrin d-phenothrintetramethrin

cypermethrincyfluthrindeltamethrincyfenothrinfenvaleratefluvalinate

Pyrethroids

• Class of synthetic insecticides structurally based on the pyrethrins

• Altered structure is more photo-stable

• Some examples:

Pyrethrins/Pyrethroid Cumulative Risk Assessment (EPA, 2011)

1.Only active while wet (apply morn/eve)

2.Cover all plant surfaces

3.Check label for plant-specific phytotoxicity

4.Use caution on new blooms, young seedlings/young plants

5.High toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Insecticidal Soaps


Microbial pesticide: Bacillus thuringiensis

•Bt kurstacki -

•Bt israelensis -

•Bt tenebrionsis -

mosquito, black fly, & fungus gnat larvae

leaf eating caterpillars

Colorado potato beetle grubs



Rodenticides


repellants...repellants...


pitfallpitfallpitfallTraps withoutpesticides…Traps withoutpesticides…

“sticky”“sticky”


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Traps with attractants …

follow all pesticide label directions precisely.


kitchen

bath

Adequate & safe pest control...

require precise application of pesticides

Not product endorsement

hand-held sprayers for

medium jobs...

Pesticide Application

aerial sprays or foggers for deep

penetration big jobs...

Pesticide Application

adsorption

leaching

runoff

microbial degradation

crop residues

Environmental Fate & Transport

• Varied residual products & times

• Fate & transport of pesticides... air, soil, ground & surface waters

• All potential targets* are not pests


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Pesticides can harm beneficial insects...

frompollinators...

to predators...

azinphos-methyl USA, Canada, Poland• Bacillus thuringiensis CRYIIIA USA • carbaryl Canada, Italy, Poland, USA• carbofuran USA, Canada• chloethocarb Canada • chlordane Canada, Portugal• chlorfenvinphos USA, Poland • cypermethrin Canada• DDT Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,

Italy, oland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, USA• deltamethrin Canada• dieldrin Austria, Canada, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, USA, • dioxacarb Poland• endosulfan USA, Canada, Portugal, • endrin Canada, Portugal, USA • esfenvalerate USA• fenvalerate USA, Canada,• hydrogen cyanide Ukraine • lindane/BHC Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, USA • malathion USA • methamidophos Canada, Poland• methidathion USA, Canada, Poland • methoxychlor Poland • methyl parathion Hungary • monocrotophos USA • oxamyl USA• parathion Switzerland, USA, • permethrin USA, Canada, Hungary• phorate Canada

Resistant Arthropod Profile:Leptinotarsa decemlineataCommon Name: Colorado potato beetle

Human Health - Routes of Entry Human Health - Routes of Entry

contact

inhalation

ingestion

toxicity... dose...‘ability of a substance to cause an adverse effect on an organism’

‘amount of a substance ingested, inhaled, or contacted’

response "All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy."

Paracelsus (1493-1541)

Acute Toxicity


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“the amount of a substance ingested orally that is required to kill one-half of a test population”

Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)...

Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)...

Acute Toxicity

LD50* Common Useabsolute alcohol 10,600.0 beverage, preservativetable salt 3,800.0 food additiverotenone 1,500.0 insecticide/piscicidepyrethrin 1,200.0 botanical pesticidecarbaryl 850.0 carbamate insecticidecaffeine 355.0 coffee & cola constituentacetone 10.7 nail polish removernicotine 0.3 tobacco constituent

[(*mg/kg of body weight) source: The Merck Index, 11th edition, 1989]

Relative Acute Toxicity ofSubstances in the Home

Signal Word

Toxicity Category

Oral (mg/kg)

Dermal (mg/kg)

Inhalation(ppm)

Danger I <50 <200 < 0.05

Warning II 50-500 200-2,000 0.05-0.5

Caution III 500-5,000 2k- 5k 0.5 - 2

Caution IV >5,000 >5,000

Basis of Signal Words on the Pesticide Label – Acute Toxicity

* may also be a poison

*

Toxicity Category Signal Word

1Danger-Poison

Danger

2 Warning

3 Caution

4 Caution

acute systemic poisons(very likely to cause acute illness through oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure)

skin & eye irritation skin & eye irritation potential through dermal exposure; can be irreversible

Source: http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/techp2.htm4/11/01

Acute Toxicity – the Pesticide Label

All pesticides sold or distributed in US are registered by EPA as required by law…

Human health and ecological risk assessments

For food or animal feed marketed in the US, • pesticide residue limits (tolerances) by

commodity • FDA & USDA enforced

The pesticide label incorporates all registration requirements. It is a legal document!!!!!

See EPA Laws & Regulations: www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/laws.htm

Division of Licensing Operations, Solid Waste & Pesticides Enforcement

Law: NJ Pesticide Control ActRegulation: NJ Administrative Code

Title 7 Chapter 30Mission:Ensure compliance with federal & State laws/ regulations regarding the use, sale, transport, disposal, manufacture, & storage of pesticides in NJ

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection


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Don’t apply at a higher rate than specified

More is more, not necessarily better or legal

Restricted use pesticides can only be used by certified applicators

Follow the label and use pesticides wisely…

The LABEL IS THE LAW!!!

The Label is the Law!!!!!!!

“Minimum risk pesticide”“Minimum risk pesticide”

cedar oilcitronellacorn gluten mealdried bloodgarlic & garlic oillauryl sulfate malic acidsodium chloride thymewhite pepperzinc metal strips

cedar oilcitronellacorn gluten mealdried bloodgarlic & garlic oillauryl sulfate malic acidsodium chloride thymewhite pepperzinc metal strips

Examples:Examples:“…any pesticide or pesticidalactive ingredients alone or incombination with certaininert ingredients that EPAhas determined are not of acharacter necessary to beregulated under the FederalInsecticide, Fungicide andRodenticide Act (FIFRA); andhave been exempted fromthe registration andreporting_requirements ofSection 25(b) of FIFRA, and40CFR_part_152 of thecorresponding regulations…”

“…any pesticide or pesticidalactive ingredients alone or incombination with certaininert ingredients that EPAhas determined are not of acharacter necessary to beregulated under the FederalInsecticide, Fungicide andRodenticide Act (FIFRA); andhave been exempted fromthe registration andreporting_requirements ofSection 25(b) of FIFRA, and40CFR_part_152 of thecorresponding regulations…”

Illegal Pesticides

Source: www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/illegalproducts/index.htm

• Pesticides cancelled/restricted use in US shipped in from other countries

• Repackaged restricted use materials marketed to public

• “Misbranding” - includes false or unsubstantiated claims (e.g. mosquito vs. WNV)

• Unregistered products making pesticidal claims

‘Tres Pasitos’ repackaged

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• Common illegal pest products: moth balls, pet products, insecticidal chalk, antibacterial products

• See EPA’s webpage for reports

EPA Inspection of Kearny NJ Warehouse Fuji Lavender Moth Tablets Insect Repellant

•Attempt to Import Unregistered Pesticide•With Misleading Packaging•Product Seized & Destroyed

1. Pesticide Name2. Restricted Usage Statement3. Ingredient Statement4. Directions for Use (‘site’ & pest) 5. EPA Registration No. 6. EPA Establishment No.7. Manufacturer Name/Address8. Hazards to humans/ domestic animals9. EPA Signal Word/ Symbol10. Personal Protective Equipment11. First Aid Statement12. Environmental Hazards: fish, birds,

mammals, aquatic invertebrates, bees 13. Physical or Chemical Hazard(s)14. Re-entry Statement15. Storage and Disposal

Exercise


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ACTIVE INGREDIENTParaffinic Oil (Superior Paraffinic type U.R. 92%)……98.00%

OTHER INGREDIENTS……………………………….………….2.00%TOTAL…………………………………………………..….……100.00%


Store and transport in an upright position.EPA Est. No. 4-NY-1 EPA Reg No. 4-80

Buyers Guarantee Limited to Label Claims.

BONIDE PRODUCTS, INC.Oriskany, NY 13424

604480203

target pests

use sites

EPA Reg #

manufacturer


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Directions for use

Precautionary Statement Wording-An example

Remember, hazards are product-specific!!!

fabric...fabric...

compositioncomposition

thickness...thickness...

Wash thoroughly after pesticide use...

Pre-soak washDetergent & hot water Run rinse cycle emptyIf in doubt, throw it out!


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Pesticide Exposure

• Be aware of symptoms; read label Precautionary & First Aid Statements

• Remove contaminated clothing

• Seek medical aid indue time

• Have the label with you…

Precautionary Statement Wording-An example

“Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment…”

Certified by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)

...always labeled & in the original

container

locked for safety!

Pesticide storage in the home...

Never transfer from larger to smaller containers without proper tools…

Pesticides & common household items don’t mix!

Pesticide disposal tips - homeowners

•Mix only what’s needed •Don’t burn, bury, or pour into drains

•Don’t reuse or rinse emptycontainers; place in trash or offer for recycling if available

•NJ ‘Household Hazardous Waste’ county programs!!!!

pests are ‘unwanted’organisms njdep definition of pesticide · 2014. 12. 16. · aldicarb...

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