pertemuan v
DESCRIPTION
Pertemuan V. Dasar Teknik Elektro Resistor, Capasitor dan Induktor. Resistors. Resistors can be either fixed or variable in value Fixed resistors come in a variety of different shapes, sizes and forms Axial lead resistors have the value of resistance printed on them or as a colour code - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Pertemuan VPertemuan V
Dasar Teknik ElektroDasar Teknik Elektro
Resistor, Capasitor dan Resistor, Capasitor dan InduktorInduktor
ResistorsResistors Resistors can be either fixed Resistors can be either fixed
or variable in valueor variable in value Fixed resistorsFixed resistors come in a come in a
variety of different shapes, variety of different shapes, sizes and formssizes and forms
Axial lead resistors have the Axial lead resistors have the value of resistance printed on value of resistance printed on them or as a colour codethem or as a colour code
Surface mount resistors have Surface mount resistors have a numerical code indicating a a numerical code indicating a valuevalue
All resistors have a tolerance All resistors have a tolerance valuevalue
ResistorsResistors Variable resistorsVariable resistors
are called are called potentiometerspotentiometers
There is a fixed There is a fixed value of resistance value of resistance between two between two terminalsterminals
The moving part of The moving part of the potentiometer the potentiometer is called the wiperis called the wiper
ResistorsResistors Four band resistor Four band resistor
colour codecolour code 1st band provides the 1st band provides the
first digit of the codefirst digit of the code 2nd band provides the 2nd band provides the
second digit of the second digit of the codecode
3rd band is the 3rd band is the multipliermultiplier
4th band indicates the 4th band indicates the tolerance valuetolerance value
ResistorsResistorsResistor colour code calculationResistor colour code calculation
The first band red has a value The first band red has a value of 2of 2
The second band purple has a The second band purple has a value of 7value of 7
The third band has a The third band has a multiplier of x 10multiplier of x 10
The last band indicates a The last band indicates a tolerance value of tolerance value of +/-5%+/-5%
Resistance value is 270Ω +/-Resistance value is 270Ω +/-5%5%
2
7
x10
+/-5%
Resistors in Series Resistors in Series and Parallel Circuitsand Parallel Circuits
Resistors in circuitsResistors in circuits
To determine the current or To determine the current or voltage in a circuit that voltage in a circuit that contains multiple resistors, contains multiple resistors, the total resistance must first the total resistance must first be calculated.be calculated.
Resistors can be combined in Resistors can be combined in series or parallel.series or parallel.
Resistors in SeriesResistors in Series
When connected in series, the When connected in series, the total resistance (Rt) is equal to:total resistance (Rt) is equal to:
Rt = RRt = R11 + R + R22 + R + R3 3 +…+…
The total resistance is always The total resistance is always larger than any individual larger than any individual resistance.resistance.
Sample Sample ProblemProblem
10 V
15 Ω
10 Ω
6 ΩCalculate the Calculate the total current total current through the through the circuit.circuit.Rt = 15 Rt = 15 ΩΩ +10 +10 ΩΩ + + 6 6 ΩΩRt = 31 Rt = 31 ΩΩ
I = I = V/RV/Rtt
= 10 V/ 31 = 10 V/ 31 ΩΩ = =
0.32 0.32 AA
Since charge has only one path to Since charge has only one path to flow through, the current that passes flow through, the current that passes through each resistor is the same.through each resistor is the same.
The sum of all potential differences The sum of all potential differences equals the potential difference equals the potential difference across the battery. across the battery.
Resistors in SeriesResistors in Series
10 V
5 V
3 V
2 V
Resistors in ParallelResistors in Parallel
When connected in parallel, the When connected in parallel, the total resistance (Rt) is equal to:total resistance (Rt) is equal to:
1/Rt = 1/R1/Rt = 1/R11 + 1/R + 1/R22 + 1/R + 1/R33 +… +…
Due to this reciprocal Due to this reciprocal relationship, the total relationship, the total resistance is always smaller resistance is always smaller than any individual resistance.than any individual resistance.
Sample Sample ProblemProblem
12 Ω
4 Ω
6 Ω
Calculate the total Calculate the total resistance through resistance through this segment of a this segment of a circuit.circuit.1/Rt = 1/12 1/Rt = 1/12 ΩΩ +1/4 +1/4 ΩΩ + + 1/6 1/6 ΩΩ = 1/12 = 1/12 ΩΩ + 3/12 + 3/12 ΩΩ + +
2/12 2/12 ΩΩ1/R1/Rt t = 6/12 = 6/12 ΩΩ = = ½ ½ ΩΩ
Rt = 2 Rt = 2 ΩΩ
Since there is more than one Since there is more than one possible path, the current possible path, the current divides itself according to the divides itself according to the resistance of each path.resistance of each path.
smallest resistor = more current smallest resistor = more current
passespasses
largest resistor = least largest resistor = least current passescurrent passes
Resistors in ParallelResistors in Parallel
The voltage across each The voltage across each resistor in a parallel resistor in a parallel combination is the same. combination is the same.
Resistors in ParallelResistors in Parallel
10 V
10 V
10 V
10 V
Calculate the total Calculate the total resistance in the circuit resistance in the circuit
belowbelow
+ -
3 3 ΩΩ
2 2 ΩΩ
6 6 ΩΩ
4 4 ΩΩ
RRtottot = 3 = 3 ΩΩ + 2 + 2 ΩΩ = = 5 5 ΩΩ
RRtottot = 6 = 6 ΩΩ + 4 + 4 ΩΩ = = 10 10 ΩΩ
1/R1/Rtottot = 2/10 = 2/10 ΩΩ+ 1/10 + 1/10 ΩΩ = = 3/10 3/10 ΩΩ
RRtottot = 3 = 3 1/31/3ΩΩ
KAPASITOR KAPASITOR dan dan
DIELEKTRIKDIELEKTRIK
Contoh-contoh CapacitorContoh-contoh Capacitor
Contoh-contoh CapacitorContoh-contoh Capacitor
Pengertian KapasitorPengertian Kapasitor
Dua penghantar berdekatan yang dimaksudkan Dua penghantar berdekatan yang dimaksudkan untuk diberi muatan sama tetapi berlawanan untuk diberi muatan sama tetapi berlawanan jenis disebut jenis disebut kapasitorkapasitor..
Sifat menyimpan energi listrik / muatan listrik.Sifat menyimpan energi listrik / muatan listrik. KapasitasKapasitas suatu kapasitor ( suatu kapasitor (CC) adalah ) adalah
perbandingan antara besar muatan perbandingan antara besar muatan QQ dari salah dari salah satu penghantarnya dengan beda potensial satu penghantarnya dengan beda potensial VV antara kedua pengahntar itu.antara kedua pengahntar itu.
Kegunaan KapasitorKegunaan Kapasitor Untuk menghindari terjadinya loncatan listrik Untuk menghindari terjadinya loncatan listrik
pada rangkaian2 yang mengandung kumparan pada rangkaian2 yang mengandung kumparan bila tiba2 diputuskan arusnya.bila tiba2 diputuskan arusnya.
Rangkaian yang dipakai untuk menghidupkan Rangkaian yang dipakai untuk menghidupkan mesin mobilmesin mobil
Untuk memilih panjang gelombang yang Untuk memilih panjang gelombang yang ditangkap oleh pesawat penerima radio.ditangkap oleh pesawat penerima radio.
Bentuk kapasitorBentuk kapasitor Kapasitor bentuk keping sejajarKapasitor bentuk keping sejajar Kapasitor bentuk bola sepusatKapasitor bentuk bola sepusat Kapasitor bentuk silinderKapasitor bentuk silinder
DIELEKTRIKDIELEKTRIKDielektrik adalah suatu lempengan tipis yang diletakkan di antara kedua pelat kapasitor. Jika di antara keping + dan keping – diisi dengan bahan dielektrik (isolator), kuat medan listrik di antara keping akan menurun dan kapasitansi akan naik.
00 Cd
AC
Beberapa alasan penggunaan dielektrik adalah :
Memungkinkan untuk aplikasi tegangan yang lebih tinggi (sehingga lebih banyak muatan).
Memungkinkan untuk memasang pelat menjadi lebih dekat (membuat d lebih kecil).
Memperbesar nilai kapasitansi C karena K>1.
Dengan adanya suatu lembaran isolator (“dielectric”) yang ditempatkan di antara kedua pelat, kapasitansi akan meningkat dengan faktor K, yang bergantung pada material di dalam lembaran. K disebut sebagai konstanta dielektrik dari material.
dielectric
Karenanya C = K0A / d secara umum adalah benar karena K bernilai 1 untuk vakum, dan mendekati 1 untuk udara. Kita juga dapat mendefinisikan = K 0 dan menuliskan C = A / d. disebut sebagai permitivitas dari material
C = K0A / d
Kapasitas KapasitorKapasitas Kapasitor
Bila luas masing2 Bila luas masing2 keping keping AA, , maka :maka :
Tegangan antara kedua Tegangan antara kedua keping :keping :
Jadi kapasitas kapasitor untuk ruang hampa Jadi kapasitas kapasitor untuk ruang hampa adalah :adalah :
A
QE
00
A
dQdEV
0
..
d
A
V
QC 00
+
+
+
+
+q -q
A
d
E
-
-
-
-
Bila di dalamnya diisi bahan lain yang mempunyai Bila di dalamnya diisi bahan lain yang mempunyai konstanta dielektrik konstanta dielektrik KK, maka kapasitasnya menjadi, maka kapasitasnya menjadi
Hubungan antara Hubungan antara CC00 dan dan CC adalah : adalah :
Kapasitor akan berubah kapasitasnya bila :Kapasitor akan berubah kapasitasnya bila : KK , , A A dan dan d d diubahdiubah
Dalam hal ini Dalam hal ini CC tidak tergantung tidak tergantung QQ dan dan VV, hanya , hanya merupakan perbandingan2 yang tetap saja. merupakan perbandingan2 yang tetap saja. Artinya meskipun harga Artinya meskipun harga QQ diubah2, harga diubah2, harga CC tetap. tetap.
d
AKC 0
00 karena KKCC
Hubungan KapasitorHubungan Kapasitor
a.a. Hubungan SeriHubungan Seri
Kapasitor yang dihubungkan seri akan Kapasitor yang dihubungkan seri akan mempunyai muatan yang sama.mempunyai muatan yang sama.
321
1111
CCCCs
sadcdbcab C
QV
C
QV
C
QV
C
QV ; ; ;
321
321 QQQQ
b.b. Hubungan ParalelHubungan Paralel
Kapasitor yang dihubungkan paralel, tegangan Kapasitor yang dihubungkan paralel, tegangan antara ujung2 kapasitor adalah sama, antara ujung2 kapasitor adalah sama, sebesar sebesar VV..
321 CCCC p
; ; ; ; 332211 VCQVCQVCQVCQ p
Energi KapasitorEnergi Kapasitor
Sesuai dengan fungsinya, maka kapasitor yang Sesuai dengan fungsinya, maka kapasitor yang mempunyai kapasitas besar akan dapat mempunyai kapasitas besar akan dapat menyimpan energi yang lebih besar pula.menyimpan energi yang lebih besar pula.
Persamaannya :Persamaannya :
QVCVW 212
21
KAPASITORKAPASITORSecara umum Kapasitor terdiri atas dua keping konduktor yang saling sejajar dan terpisah oleh suatu bahan dielektrik ( dari bahan isolator) atau ruang hampa.
Secara umum Kapasitor terdiri atas dua keping konduktor yang saling sejajar dan terpisah oleh suatu bahan dielektrik ( dari bahan isolator) atau ruang hampa.
Bahan dielektrik
Antara dua keping dihubungkan dengan beda potensial V dan menimbulkan muatan listrik sama besar pada masing-masing keping tetapi berlawanan tanda.
Antara dua keping dihubungkan dengan beda potensial V dan menimbulkan muatan listrik sama besar pada masing-masing keping tetapi berlawanan tanda.
Sumber Gambar : Haliday-Resnick-Walker
Luas =A
KapasitorKapasitor Sifat KapasitorSifat Kapasitor
1. Dapat menyimpan energi 1. Dapat menyimpan energi listrik, tanpa disertai reaksi listrik, tanpa disertai reaksi kimiakimia
2. Tidak dapat dilalui arus 2. Tidak dapat dilalui arus listrik DC dan mudah listrik DC dan mudah dilalui arus bolak-balikdilalui arus bolak-balik
3. Bila kedua keping 3. Bila kedua keping dihubungkan dengan beda dihubungkan dengan beda potensial, masing-masing potensial, masing-masing bermuatan listrik sama bermuatan listrik sama besar tapi berlawanan besar tapi berlawanan tanda. tanda.
Hal.: 29Isi dengan Judul Halaman
Terkait
Simbol Kapasitor
+V
+Q -Q
KapasitorKapasitor Kapasitas kapasitor (C) Kapasitas kapasitor (C)
menunjukkan besar menunjukkan besar muatan listrik pada muatan listrik pada masing-masing keping bila masing-masing keping bila kedua keping mengalami kedua keping mengalami beda potensial 1 voltbeda potensial 1 volt
Hal.: 30Isi dengan Judul Halaman
Terkait
+V
+Q -Q
V
V
QC Q = nilai muatan listrik pada masing-
masing kepingV = beda potensial listrik antar keping ( volt)C = kapasitas kapasitor (Farad = F )
Kapasitas kapasitorKapasitas kapasitor
Hal.: 31
Ruang hampa atau udara
Luas =A
V
QC
d
xAεC o
C = kapasitas kapasitor (Farad= F)
d = Jarak antar keping (meter)
A = luas salah satu permukaan yang saling berhadapan (meter 2 )
o = permitivitas udara atau ruang hampa
( 8.854 187 82 · 10-12 C/vm )
dAεQ
Q
Exd
QC
o
x
Kapasitas kapasitorKapasitas kapasitor
Hal.: 32
Bahan dielektrik
Luas =A
d
εxAC
= permitivitas bahan dielektrik ( C/vm )
K.εε o
Kapasitas kapasitor yang terdiri atas bahan dielektrik
K = tetapan dielektrik (untuk udara atau ruang hampa K = 1 )
Rangkaian KapasitorRangkaian Kapasitor Rangkaian seri Rangkaian seri
Hal.: 33
+V
+Q1 -Q1 +Q2 -Q2
1. Kapasitas gabungan kapasitor (Cg ), kapasitas kapasitor pertama (C1), kapasitor kedua (C2) memenuhi :
2. Muatan listrik yang tersimpan pada rangkaian = muatan listrik pada masing-masing kapasitor. Q = Q1 + Q2 dan Q1 = Q2
3. Tegangan listrik antar ujung rangkaian(V), tegangan pada kapasitor pertama(V1 ) dan kapasitor kedua(V2 ) memenuhi:V = V1 + V2
1. Kapasitas gabungan kapasitor (Cg ), kapasitas kapasitor pertama (C1), kapasitor kedua (C2) memenuhi :
2. Muatan listrik yang tersimpan pada rangkaian = muatan listrik pada masing-masing kapasitor. Q = Q1 + Q2 dan Q1 = Q2
3. Tegangan listrik antar ujung rangkaian(V), tegangan pada kapasitor pertama(V1 ) dan kapasitor kedua(V2 ) memenuhi:V = V1 + V2
21g C
1
C
1
C
1
Rangkaian KapasitorRangkaian Kapasitor Rangkaian seri Rangkaian seri
Hal.: 34
+V = 6 volt
+Q -Q +Q -Q
C1 = 2 F C2 = 3 F
ContohContoh1. Kapasitas gabungan kapasitor :
Cg = 6/5 = 1,2 F2. Muatan listrik pada rangkaian = 1,2 F x 6V = 7,2 C Pada kapasitor satu = 7,2 C Pada kasitor kedua = 7,2 C3. Tegangan liatrik pada kapasitor satu = 3,6 V Pada kapasitor dua = 2,4 V
1. Kapasitas gabungan kapasitor :
Cg = 6/5 = 1,2 F2. Muatan listrik pada rangkaian = 1,2 F x 6V = 7,2 C Pada kapasitor satu = 7,2 C Pada kasitor kedua = 7,2 C3. Tegangan liatrik pada kapasitor satu = 3,6 V Pada kapasitor dua = 2,4 V
6
23
3
1
2
1
C
1
g
Rangkaian KapasitorRangkaian Kapasitor Rangkaian paralel Rangkaian paralel
Hal.: 35
+V
+Q1 -Q1
+Q2 -Q2
1. Tegangan pada kapasitor pertama (V1), kapasitor kedua (V2) dan tegangan sumber (V) masing-masing sama besar. V1 = V2 = V
2. Muatan listrik yang tersimpan pada rangkaian memenuhi Q = Q1 + Q2
3. Kapasitas gabungan kapasitor mmenuhi : Cg = C1 + C2
Rangkaian KapasitorRangkaian Kapasitor Rangkaian paralel Rangkaian paralel
Hal.: 36Isi dengan Judul Halaman
Terkait
+
+Q1 -Q1
+Q2 -Q2
1. Tegangan pada kapasitor pertama (V1) dan kapasitor kedua (V2) adalah V1 = V2 = 6 volt
2. Kapasitas gabungan kapasitor adalah Cg = C1 + C2 = 2F + 3F = 5F
3. Muatan listrik yang tersimpan pada rangkaian memenuhi Q = Cg xV = 5F x 6V = 30CQ1 = C1 x V = 2Fx6V = 12C
Q2 = C2 x V = 3Fx6V = 18C
Contoh Contoh
C1 = 2 F
C2 = 3 F
V = 6 volt
Energi Listrik yang Tersimpan Energi Listrik yang Tersimpan pada Kapasitorpada Kapasitor
Grafik hubungan tegangan (V) dengan muatan listrik yang Grafik hubungan tegangan (V) dengan muatan listrik yang tersimpan pada kapasitor (Q) tersimpan pada kapasitor (Q)
Hal.: 37Isi dengan Judul Halaman
Terkait
V(volt)
Q(Coulomb)
Q
V
Nilai energi listrik yang tersimpan pada kapasitor yang bermuatan listrik Q = luas daerah Dibawah garis grafik Q-V (yang diarsir ).
QV2
1W
Energi Listrik yang Tersimpan Energi Listrik yang Tersimpan pada Kapasitorpada Kapasitor
Hal.: 38Isi dengan Judul Halaman
Terkait
(CV)V2
1W
+V
Sebuah kapasitor yang memiliki kapasitas C dihubungkan dengan tegangan V.
CKarena Q = C.V, maka
2CV2
1W
W = Energi listrik yang tersimpan pada kapasitor ( Joule )
Keterangan : Q = muatan listrik kapasitor ( Coulomb)
C = Kapasitas kapasitor ( farad)
V = tegangan listrik antar keping kapasitor ( Volt)
InductorsInductorsEnergy Storage DevicesEnergy Storage Devices
Objective of LectureObjective of Lecture
DescribeDescribe The construction of an inductorThe construction of an inductor How energy is stored in an inductorHow energy is stored in an inductor The electrical properties of an inductorThe electrical properties of an inductor
Relationship between voltage, current, and Relationship between voltage, current, and inductance; power; and energyinductance; power; and energy
Equivalent inductance when a set of Equivalent inductance when a set of inductors are in series and in parallelinductors are in series and in parallel
InductorsInductors
Generally - coil of conducting wireGenerally - coil of conducting wire Usually wrapped around a solid core. If Usually wrapped around a solid core. If
no core is used, then the inductor is no core is used, then the inductor is said to have an ‘air core’.said to have an ‘air core’.
http://bzupages.com/f231/energy-stored-inductor-uzma-noreen-group6-part2-1464/
SymbolsSymbols
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_1/chpt_15/1.html
Alternative Names for Alternative Names for Inductors Inductors
Reactor- inductor in a power gridReactor- inductor in a power grid Choke - designed to block a particular Choke - designed to block a particular
frequency while allowing currents at lower frequency while allowing currents at lower frequencies or d.c. currents throughfrequencies or d.c. currents through Commonly used in RF (radio frequency) circuitryCommonly used in RF (radio frequency) circuitry
Coil - often coated with varnish and/or wrapped Coil - often coated with varnish and/or wrapped with insulating tape to provide additional with insulating tape to provide additional insulation and secure them in placeinsulation and secure them in place A winding is a coil with taps (terminals).A winding is a coil with taps (terminals).
Solenoid – a three dimensional coil. Solenoid – a three dimensional coil. Also used to denote an electromagnet where the Also used to denote an electromagnet where the
magnetic field is generated by current flowing magnetic field is generated by current flowing through a toroidal inductor.through a toroidal inductor.
Energy StorageEnergy StorageThe flow of current through an inductor The flow of current through an inductor
creates a magnetic field (right hand rule).creates a magnetic field (right hand rule).
If the current flowing through the If the current flowing through the inductor drops, the magnetic field will inductor drops, the magnetic field will also decrease and energy is released also decrease and energy is released through the generation of a current.through the generation of a current.
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Circuit_Theory/Mutual_Inductance
B field
Sign ConventionSign Convention• The sign convention used with The sign convention used with
an inductor is the same as for a an inductor is the same as for a power dissipating device.power dissipating device.
• When current flows into the positive When current flows into the positive side of the voltage across the side of the voltage across the inductor, it is positive and the inductor, it is positive and the inductor is dissipating power. inductor is dissipating power.
• When the inductor releases energy When the inductor releases energy back into the circuit, the sign of the back into the circuit, the sign of the current will be negative.current will be negative.
Current and Voltage Current and Voltage RelationshipsRelationships
11t
t
LL
L
o
dtvL
i
dt
diLv
L , inductance, has the units of Henries (H)L , inductance, has the units of Henries (H)
1 H = 1 V-s/A1 H = 1 V-s/A
Power and EnergyPower and Energy
11
1
t
t
LL
t
t
LL
t
t
LLLLL
oo
o
diiLdtidt
diLw
dtiLiivp
InductorsInductors
Stores energy in an magnetic field Stores energy in an magnetic field created by the electric current created by the electric current flowing through it.flowing through it. Inductor opposes change in current Inductor opposes change in current
flowing through it.flowing through it. Current through an inductor is continuous; Current through an inductor is continuous;
voltage can be discontinuous.voltage can be discontinuous.
http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/Electricity%20-%20Basic%20Navy%20Training%20Courses/electricity%20-%20basic%20navy%20training%20courses%20-%20chapter%2012.htm
Calculations of LCalculations of L
For a solenoid (toroidal inductor)For a solenoid (toroidal inductor)
N is the number of turns of wireN is the number of turns of wireA is the cross-sectional area of the toroid in mA is the cross-sectional area of the toroid in m22..r r is the relative permeability of the core materialis the relative permeability of the core materialoo is the vacuum permeability ( is the vacuum permeability (44ππ × 10 × 10-7-7 H/m)H/m)ll is the length of the wire used to wrap the toroid is the length of the wire used to wrap the toroid
in metersin meters
ANAN
L or 22
WireWire
Unfortunately, even bare wire has inductance.
d is the diameter of the wire in meters.
Hxd
L 710214ln
Properties of an InductorProperties of an Inductor
Acts like an short circuit at steady state Acts like an short circuit at steady state when connected to a d.c. voltage or when connected to a d.c. voltage or current source.current source.
Current through an inductor must be Current through an inductor must be continuouscontinuous There are no abrupt changes to the current, but there can There are no abrupt changes to the current, but there can
be abrupt changes in the voltage across an inductor.be abrupt changes in the voltage across an inductor.
An ideal inductor does not dissipate An ideal inductor does not dissipate energy, it takes power from the circuit energy, it takes power from the circuit when storing energy and returns it when when storing energy and returns it when discharging.discharging.
Properties of a Real Properties of a Real InductorInductor
Real inductors do dissipate energy Real inductors do dissipate energy due resistive losses in the length of due resistive losses in the length of wire and capacitive coupling wire and capacitive coupling between turns of the wire.between turns of the wire.
Inductors in SeriesInductors in Series
LLeqeq for Inductors in for Inductors in SeriesSeries
i
4321eq
4321
4433
2211
4321
Ldt
didt
di
dt
di
dt
di
dt
di
dt
di
dt
di
dt
di
dt
di
LLLL
Lv
LLLLv
LvLv
LvLv
vvvvv
eqin
in
in
Inductors in ParallelInductors in Parallel
LLeqeq for Inductors in for Inductors in ParallelParallel
i
14321eq
t
t
t
t4
t
t3
t
t2
t
t1
t
t44
t
t33
t
t22
t
t11
4321
1111L
vdt1
vdt1
vdt1
vdt1
vdt1
vdt1
vdt1
vdt1
vdt1
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
1
o
LLLL
Li
LLLLi
Li
Li
Li
Li
iiiii
eqin
in
in
General Equations for LGeneral Equations for Leqeq
Series CombinationSeries Combination Parallel CombinationParallel Combination If S inductors are in If S inductors are in
series, thenseries, then If P inductors are in If P inductors are in
parallel, then:parallel, then:
1
1
1
P
p peq LL
S
sseq LL
1
SummarySummary Inductors are energy storage devices.Inductors are energy storage devices. An ideal inductor act like a short circuit at An ideal inductor act like a short circuit at
steady state when a DC voltage or current steady state when a DC voltage or current has been applied.has been applied.
The current through an inductor must be a The current through an inductor must be a continuous function; the voltage across an continuous function; the voltage across an inductor can be discontinuous.inductor can be discontinuous.
The equation for equivalent inductance forThe equation for equivalent inductance for
inductors in seriesinductors in series inductors in parallelinductors in parallel
1
1
1
P
p peq LL
S
sseq LL
1