pertemuan 3
DESCRIPTION
Pertemuan 3. Teknik Animasi 2D & 3D. 2D Transformations. y. y. x. x. y. x. 2D Transformation. Given a 2D object, transformation is to change the object’s Position (translation) Size (scaling) Orientation (rotation) Shapes (shear) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Teknik Animasi 2D & 3D
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x
yx
y
x
y
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Given a 2D object, transformation is to change the object’s Position (translation)Size (scaling)Orientation (rotation)Shapes (shear)
Apply a sequence of matrix multiplication to the object vertices
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We can use a column vector (a 2x1 matrix) to represent a 2D point x
y A general form of linear transformation
can be written as: x’ = ax + by + c
OR
y’ = dx + ey + f
X’ a b c xY’ = d e f * y1 0 0 1 1
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Re-position a point along a straight line Given a point (x,y), and the translation
distance (tx,ty)
The new point: (x’, y’) x’ = x + tx y’ = y + ty (x,y)
(x’,y’)
OR P’ = P + T where P’ = x’ p = x T = tx y’ y ty
tx
ty
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x’ = x + tx y’ y ty
Use 3 x 1 vector
x’ 1 0 tx x y’ = 0 1 ty * y1 0 0 1 1
Note that now it becomes a matrix-vector multiplication
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How to translate an object with multiple vertices?
Translate individualvertices
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Default rotation center: Origin (0,0)
Rotate counter clockwise
Rotate clockwise
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(x,y)
(x’,y’)
(x,y) -> Rotate about the origin by
(x’, y’)
How to compute (x’, y’) ?
x = r cos () y = r sin ()
r
x’ = r cos () y = r sin ()
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(x,y)
(x’,y’)
r
x = r cos () y = r sin ()
x’ = r cos () y = r sin ()
x’ = r cos ()
= r cos() cos() – r sin() sin()
= x cos() – y sin()
y’ = r sin ()
= r sin() cos() + r cos()sin()
= y cos() + x sin()
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(x,y)
(x’,y’)
r
x’ = x cos() – y sin()
y’ = y cos() + x sin()
Matrix form?
x’ cos() -sin() x y’ sin() cos() y
=
3 x 3?
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x’ cos() -sin() x y’ sin() cos() y
=
(x,y)
(x’,y’)
r
x’ cos() -sin() 0 x y’ sin() cos() 0 y1 0 0 1 1
=
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Rotation
How to rotate an object with multiple vertices?
Rotate individualVertices
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Scale: Alter the size of an object by a scaling factor (Sx, Sy), i.e.
x’ = x . Sx y’ = y . Sy
x’ Sx 0 xy’ 0 Sy y=
(1,1)
(2,2) Sx = 2, Sy = 2
(2,2)
(4,4)
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(1,1)
(2,2) Sx = 2, Sy = 2
(2,2)
(4,4)
Not only the object size is changed, it also moved!! Usually this is an undesirable effect We will discuss later (soon) how to fix it
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x’ Sx 0 xy’ 0 Sy y=
x’ Sx 0 0 x y’ = 0 Sy 0 * y1 0 0 1 1
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Translation: x’ x tx y’ y ty
Rotation: x’ cos() -sin() x y’ sin() cos() y
Scaling: x’ Sx 0 x y’ 0 Sy y
= +
= *
= *
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Translation:
Rotation:
Scaling:
x’ 1 0 tx x y’ = 0 1 ty * y1 0 0 1 1
x’ cos() -sin() 0 x y’ sin() cos() 0 * y1 0 0 1 1
=
x’ Sx 0 0 x y’ = 0 Sy 0 * y1 0 0 1 1
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So that we can perform all transformations using matrix/vector multiplications
This allows us to pre-multiply all the matrices together
The point (x,y) needs to be represented as (x,y,1) -> this is called Homogeneous coordinates!
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Y coordinates are unaffected, but x cordinates are translated linearly with y
That is: y’ = y x’ = x + y * h
x 1 h 0 xy = 0 1 0 * y1 0 0 1 1
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Shearing in y
x 1 0 0 xy = g 1 0 * y1 0 0 1 1
A 2D rotation is three shears Shearing will not change the area of the
object Any 2D shearing can be done by a rotation,
followed by a scaling, and followed by a rotation
Interesting Facts:
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Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Shearing are all affine transformation
Affine transformation – transformed point P’ (x’,y’) is a linear combination of the original point P (x,y), i.e.
x’ m11 m12 m13 x
y’ = m21 m22 m23 y 1 0 0 1 1
Any 2D affine transformation can be decomposed into a rotation, followed by a scaling, followed by a shearing, and followed by a translation.
Affine matrix = translation x shearing x scaling x rotation
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Composing Transformation – the process of applying several transformation in succession to form one overall transformation
If we apply transform a point P using M1 matrix first, and then transform using M2, and then M3, then we have:
(M3 x (M2 x (M1 x P ))) = M3 x M2 x M1 x P
M
(pre-multiply)
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Matrix multiplication is associative M3 x M2 x M1 = (M3 x M2) x M1 = M3 x (M2 x M1) Transformation products may not be commutative A x
B != B x A Some cases where A x B = B x A A B translation translation scaling scaling rotation rotation uniform scaling rotation
(sx = sy)
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Example: rotation and translation are not commutative
Translate (5,0) and then Rotate 60 degree
OR
Rotate 60 degree and then translate (5,0)??
Rotate and then translate !!