personalized medicine and it’s relevance to cancer patients
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personalized medicine and it’s relevance to cancer patients. Casey Scarelli, Sallyann Vu, Jess Soule, Abrar Ahmed, Alief Imam. Rationale. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE AND IT’S RELEVANCE TO
CANCER PATIENTS
Casey Scarelli, Sallyann Vu, Jess Soule, Abrar Ahmed, Alief
Imam
RATIONALE
Genetic testing and analysis are the future of
personalized medicine. Eventually there will be a cure for
cancer. The American Cancer Society says personalized
medicine is not a “science fiction. We are starting to see the
first use of personalized medicine techniques now with
cancer treatment. Eventually, we will see this type of
therapy for all human illness.”
We found this to be extremely
motivating
in researching this question. It
could help
people like my friend Allison
Hawkes.
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
ouniquely modified to specifically target an illness or
disease
ospecific individual
ogenetic information
oenvironmental and clinical information
oseverity
ospecific mutations
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY
o “Personalized medicine lies in the chromosomes of
the patients.”
o “Cancer is a result of damage to our genes.
Cancer occurs when the switches inside your
genes that control cell growth malfunction. If a
growth gene is supposed to be turned off, it turns
on. If a genetic switch is designed to prevent
cancer growth, it fails. Cells that should be at rest
begin to divide, and a tumor develops."
THE PROPERLY FUNCTIONING CELL
o various checkpoints (G1, S, and G2) checked mutations or dysfunctions (deemed able or unable to replicate)o-Cyclin + Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) proteins responsible for checking for any flaws and regulate replicationogrowth factors: proteins that stimulate cells to divideodensity-dependent-inhibition, crowded cells stop dividing because there is no available spaceoanchorage dependence: (animal cells) attached to substratumono anchorage = no division
THE IMPROPERLY FUNCTIONING CELL
disobey regulation factors
ignore cyclin, CDKs, and the external signals
There are millions of different variations of
these mutations, which is why cancer is so
difficult.
CAPABILITIES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
oBreast Cancer- genetic testing can tell whether or not chemotherapy
would be successful, this skips a step by limiting the waiting and
increasing the ability to defeat the cancer
oChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) blood cancer- leukemia is a
mutation believed to be in the Philadelphia Chromosome, knowing this
specific medications are being developed to fight this type of cancer in
a more personalized way
oLung Cancer- erlotinib and crizotinib are drugs that are used in
different patients depending on their mutations, these block the
mutated gene from spreading
oColon Cancer- K-ras is known to keep different antibodies from
working, knowing this can specialize the medicine to the patient
CAPABILITIES OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
oMetastic Melanoma- targeting the BRAF mutation
oBrain Tumor- bevacizumab (control the progression of the recurrent
tumor)
Goal: identify the protein responsible for inhibiting blood vessels grown
in brain tumor.
oPancreatic Tumors- research being done on a specific protein that
leads to pancreatic tumors
oRenal Cancer- Introtumoral neutrophils is a medicine specialized to
fight this intense type of cancer
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES
o stop the cell from multiplying until the damage is
repaired
o stimulate cells with damaged DNA to commit "cell
suicide”
PROTO-ONCOGENES
oproteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation
oinvolved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic
signals,
o not regulated, allowed to grow without any restraint; loss of
the regulation of cell cycle results in the mass replication
QUESTIONS LEFT WITH
oSince personalized medicine creates treatment for
a specific group of people with extremely similar
causes of cancer, what are the chances of the
possibility of having one specific treatment for one
specific person, or is that simply impossible based on
the world's population?
oWhat is the process of DNA testing and analysis? I
am interested to see how doctors actually do this for
cancer patients.
SOURCES
• http://
www.cancer.org/cancer/news/expertvoices/post/2012/04/18/the-future-is-now-
personalized-medicine.aspx
• http://www.scq.ubc.ca/the-cell-cycle-a-universal-cellular-division-program/
• http
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• http
://www.vanderbilthealth.com/neuroendocrine/healthtopics?topic=Pancreatic_N
euroendocrine_Tumor