Personality- understanding personality traits & characteristics, Personality pattern & molding the personality pattern , assessing various personality dimensions

Personality

Understanding personality , Different theories, Personality Determinants, traits & characteristics, assessing various personality dimensions Activity Your personality is an outcome of many forces. Discuss it with your friend and draw a pie chart reflecting these forces.Personality Personality is the sum total of the ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. It refers to the distinctiveness or uniqueness of the persons behaviour.Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine a persons unique adjustments to his environment. Gordon W Allport Characteristics of Personality ConsistencyPsychological and physiological aspects Impacts behaviours and actionsMultiple expressions -Personality is displayed in more than just behavior. It can also be seen in our thoughts, feelings, close relationships and other social interactions.Personality Theories Biological theoriesBehavioural theoriesPsychodynamic theoriesHumanist theories

Psychodynamic theories

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)Eric Berne ((1910-1970)Erik Erikson's (1902-94)Carl Jung (1875 1961)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Psychoanalytic Theory of PersonalityPersonality consists of three structureId Absolutely unconscious, nothing to do with reality, demands immediate gratification irrespective of the environment.Ego- Actively concerned with the reality principle. It intends to realistically meet the demands of the id in accordance with the outside world. It is sensitive. Having the strong ego has the positive advantage of reacting positively to criticisms and problems.

Superego- the moral branch of personality, which goes beyond being the realistic. Reflects the value and judgment.The id creates the demands, the ego adds the needs of reality with the superego adds morality to the action which is taken.

Eric Berne(1961)The structure of personality is divided into three Ego StatesEgo states are consistent patterns of feelings and attitudes which are directly related with consistent patterns of behaviour.Parent Ego states NurturingControlling Adult Ego StatesChild Ego states Natural Child (curious & fun loving)Rebellious child (revolting against authority)Adapted child (ego state under the influence of the parents)

Erik Erikson's (1902-94) Stages of PsychosocialDevelopmentErikson's theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. He believed that personality develops in a series of stages.Each steps builds on skills learned in previous stepsStage 1- Trust Vs. Mistrust (0-1)Stage 2 - Autonomy Vs Shame & Doubt (2-3)Stage 3 - Initiative Vs. Guilt (3-5)Stage 4 industry Vs. Inferiority (5-11)Stage 5 Identity Vs. Confusion ( adolescence) Stage 6 - Intimacy Vs. Isolation (early adulthood)Stage 7 - Generativity Vs Stagnation (adulthood)Stage 8 Integrity Vs. Despair(old age)

Personality theory of Carl Jung (1875 1961)He created eight distinct personality types. These orientations are the pairing of two attitudes: introversion and extroversion, and four functions.Jungs Four Functions of PersonalityFeeling is the method by which a person understands the value of conscious activity. Thinking allows a person to understand the meanings of things. This process relies on logic and careful mental activity.Sensation refers to the means by which a person knows something exists Intuition is knowing about something without conscious understanding of where that knowledge comes from.

eight distinct personality typesExtroverted ThinkingIntroverted ThinkingExtroverted FeelingIntroverted FeelingExtroverted SensingIntroverted SensingExtroverted IntuitiveIntroverted IntuitivePersonality Determinants Hereditary endowment- Physical stature, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament , energy level , intelligence etc are generally considered either completely or substantially by who your parents are.Environmental influencesBefore birthAfter birth Moulding the childs personality pattern ( parents, family ,culture, education, friends, teachers ) Identify the factors that have a stronger impacts on your personality.Diary NoteAnswer the following Questions Do you look like your parents/ grand parents ? What way you resemble with them?Do you share some traits of your parents ( positive/negative) ? Name a few.To what extent you have been influenced by your parents/teachers/friends/siblings etc.Are you happy about it?