personal ity

8/14/2019 Personal Ity

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Personality


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What is Personality?

Personality can be defined

as a dynamic and organized

set of characteristicspossessed by a person that

uniquely influences his or

her cognitions, motivations,

and behaviors in varioussituations


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Psychoanalytic Theory

Developed by Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud'sPsychoanalytic Theory hasbeen one of the most influentialtheories of our time.

It breaks the human personality

down into three critical parts: Id Ego Superego


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According to Freud, the mind can be divided into two main parts:

The conscious mind includes everything that we are aware of.This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think andtalk about rationally. A part of this includes our memory, which is

not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily atany time and brought into our awareness. Freud called thisordinary memory the preconscious.

The unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges,and memories that outside of our conscious awareness. Most ofthe contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant,such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict. According to Freud,the unconscious continues to influence our behavior andexperience, even though we are unaware of these underlyinginfluences.


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Freuds Model of Personality Structure


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Structure of Personality

Id - functions with the pleasure principle

Ego - works to maintain or control the Id. It operates on

the reality principal and tries to keep the Id straight.

Superego - The Superego is the conscience. It contains

the principles and ideals of society. The Superego

operates on idealism. It's goal is to inhibit the desires ofthe Id and convince the Ego to work towards more moral

goals rather than realistic ones.


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Examp

le

Mr. Smith walks into the grocery store and

sees a very attractive woman winking at

him and his Id thinks, "I'd like to go to that

woman and make love to her in the middle

of this store." The Ego then says, "wait,

you can't do that in front of all these

people, let's go to her house and do itthere." The Superego then says, "wait,

you can't do that, your married."


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Personality Type Theory

The concept of personality type

refers to the psychological

classification of different types of

individuals. Personality types can

be distinguished from personalitytraits, which come in different levels

or degrees.

Types involve qualitative

differences between people,whereas traits involve quantitative

differences.


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The theory of Personality Types,as it stands today, contends that:

An individual is either primarilyExtraverted orIntroverted

An individual is either primarily

Sensing or iNtuitive

An individual is either primarilyThinking orFeeling

An individual is either primarilyJudging orPerceiving


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ESFJ extroverted sensing

feeling judgment

ENFP extroverted intuitivefeeling perceiving

ENFJ extroverted intuitive

feeling judgment

ENTP extroverted intuitive

thinking perceiving

ENTJ extroverted intuitive

thinking judgment

ESTP- extroverted sensing

thinking perceiving

INTP- introverted intuitive

thinking perceiving

INTJ- introverted intuitive

thinking judgment

INFP- introverted intuitivefeeling perceiving

INFJ- introverted intuitive

feeling judgment

ISFP- introverted sensing

feeling perceiving ISFJ- introverted sensing

feeling judgment

ISTP- Introverted sensing

thinking perceiving

ISTJ- Introverted Sensing

Thinking Judgment


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Sixteen Types of Personality

ISTJ - The DutyFulfillers

ESTJ - The Guardians

ISFJ - The Nurturers ESFJ - The Caregivers ISTP - The Mechanics ESTP - The Doers

ESFP - The Performers ISFP - The Artists

ENTJ - The Executives

INTJ - The Scientists

ENTP - The Visionaries

INTP - The Thinkers

ENFJ - The Givers

INFJ - The Protectors

ENFP - The InspirersINFP - The Idealists


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The possible combinations of the basic preferences form

16 different Personality Types. This does not mean that all(or even most) individuals will fall strictly into one category

or another.

The theory of Personality Types contends that each of us

has a natural preference which falls into one category or

the other in each of these four areas, and that our native

Personality Type indicates how we are likely to deal with

different situations that life presents, and in which

environments we are most comfortable.


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Growth of Personality

From age 0-6

From 6-12

From 12-20

From 20-35

From 35-50

From 50 onwards


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Example

From age 0-6 Our little INFJ has not yet emerged as any

particular personality type, although our parents may

notice trends in behavior which appear to have the

characteristics of one or more types.

From 6-12 Our young INFJ begins to appear dreamy and

introspective - we begin to prefer to use our intuition to

take in information, and chooses to do this alone

(Introverted). The dominant function of "Introvertedintuition" begins to show itself as the prevailing aspect of

his personality.


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From 12-20 we see the auxiliary Feeling function come to

the front during this phase as a support to the dominant

intuitive function. Since the INFJ's dominant function is anInformation Gathering function, the auxiliary function must

be a Decision Making one. Without a Decision Making

process, we would flounder about and never get anything

done! As the auxiliary Feeling process comes forth, the

INFJ begins to develop the ability to make decisions basedon his personal value system. This auxiliary decision

making process will be Extraverted, since the dominant

function is Introverted. Since the decision making function

is Extraverted, our subject now emerges as a "Judger",rather than a "Perceiver". Our INFJ Personality Type is now

pretty firmly set in place, and we know the dominance

ordering of the four functions.


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Temperament is a theory of psychology that stems from the ancient medical

concept of humorism, or "humours" in UK English.

Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humors theory.

It may have origins in ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia, but it was theGreek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BC) who systemized anddeveloped it into a medical theory.

Hippocrates believed certain human moods, emotions and behaviorswere caused by body fluids (called "humors"): blood, yellow bile,black bile, and phlegm.

Galen (AD 131-200) developed the first typology of

temperament in his dissertation De temperamentis,and searched for physiological reasons for different

behaviors in humans.

In The Canon of Medicine, Avicenna (980-1037 AD) then extended the theory of temperaments to encompass

"emotional aspects, mental capacity, moral attitudes, self-awareness, movements and dreams.


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4 Temperaments

Sanguine- A person who is sanguine is generally light-hearted, funloving, apeople person, loves to entertain, spontaneous, leader abilities, and confident.

However they can be arrogant, cocky, and indulgent. He/She can be day-

dreamy and off-task to the point of not accomplishing anything and can be

impulsive, possibly acting on whims in an unpredictable fashion.

Choleric - A person who is choleric is a doer. Theyhave a lot of ambition, energy, and passion, and

try to instill it in others. They can dominate people

of other temperaments, especially phlegmatic types.

Many great charismatic military and political figures

were cholerics. On the negative side, they are easily

angered or bad-tempered.


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Melancholic - A person who is a thoughtful ponderer has a melancholicdisposition. Often very kind and considerate, melancholics can be highlycreative as in poetry and art - but also can become overly pre-occupiedwith the tragedy and cruelty in the world, thus becoming depressed. A

melancholic is also often a perfectionist, being very particular about whatthey want and how they want it in some cases. This often results in

being unsatisfied with one's own artistic or

creative works and always pointing out to

themselves what could and should be improved.

They are often loners and most times chooseto stay alone and reflect.


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Phlegmatic - are generally self-content and kind. Theirshy personality can often inhibit enthusiasm in othersand make themselves lazy and resistant to change. Theyare very consistent, relaxed, rational, curious, and

observant, making them good administrators anddiplomats. Like the sanguine personality, the phlegmatichas many friends. However the phlegmatic is morereliable and compassionate; these characteristicstypically make the phlegmatic a more dependable friend.


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An individual's self-concept is the coreof his personality. It affects every

aspect of human behavior: the ability

to learn, the capacity to grow andchange. A strong, positive self-imageis the best possible preparation for

success in life.

Dr. Joyce Brothers

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