PERIODS OF CLASICAL MUSIC HISTORY

Medieval Music 500-1400................ Feudalism and a time when the most potent art music (modal chants) were created in the service of God. Late in the period simple instruments, the lute (guitar like), the tabor (drum) and rebec (small 1 to 5 strings tucked in the arm) became popular for dancing. Notation (two steps equals two beats) was still rudimentary but on the move. HILDEGARD VON BINGEN: O Quam Mirabilis CD 4-1 DOMENICO: Giloxia CD 4-2 EL GRILLO: Josquin des Pres CD 4-3 Renaissance Music 1400-1600..........Discovery of the New World, William Shakespeare, Leonardo da Vinci, and the printing press were the stars. Italian court dance (masques) moved across Europe. More versatility in instruments...the crumphorn (long curled woodwind) sackbut (trombone like) trumpet (no valves) viol (bowed and fretted), recorder and harpsichord (plucked keyboard) led to advances in harmony and related notation. MARCHETTO CARA: Se non fusse la speranza CD 4-4 MICHAEL PRAETORIUS: Est ist ein Ros entsprungen CD 4-5 MICHAEL PRAETORIUS: Courante CD 4-6 Baroque Music 1600-1750...............The Pilgrims, Jamestown, Galileo and Sir Isaac Newton, ballet, opera, the times were changing. Rhythm became the predominant driver of music. Homophony (melody supported by harmonic chords) major and minor scales joined the music theory transformation. The violin replaced the viol, and rudimentary brass and woodwind instruments were developed. SAMUEL SCHEIDT: Galliard Battaglia CD 4-7 ANTONIO VIVALDI: Four Seasons: Winter CD 4-8 JOHANN SEBASTIEN BACH: Toccata and Fugue CD 4-9

Classical Music 1730-1820................The American Revolution and US Independence are the local keynotes. More variety and contrast in keys, tunes, rhythms and dynamics (crescendo and decrescendo) with clean cut phrases, endings, and cadences contributed to the advances in expressive yet structured music. The piano replaces the harpsichord. An expanded orchestra. WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART: Horn Concerto No 3 CD 4-10 FRANZ SCHUBERT: Hymn to the Virgin: Ave Maria CD 4-11 LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN: Piano Concerto No 5 CD 4-12 Romantic Music 1810-1910..............Abraham Lincoln, Civil War and westward migration, Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell were stars on the home front. Music is becoming more powerful, often with intense emotional expression. Composers sought more freedom in form and design embracing legends, nature, and fairly tales for thematic ideas. Expanded orchestra included brass with valves and more percussion. PETER ILICH THAIKOVSKY: Piano Concerts No 1 CD 4-13 JOHANNES BRAHMS: Hungarian dance No 5 CD 4-14 JOHANN STRAUSS JR: Roses from the South CD 4-15 GIACOMO PUCCINI: Nessun Dorma CD 4-16 FREDERIC CHOPIN: Minute Waltz CD 4-17 Impressionism 1875-1925................WWI, women's suffrage and Roaring 20s at home. Composers, labeled impressionists by analogy to French Impressionist painters, wrote in images rather than details. The suggestion of moods and atmosphere rather than musical specifics, exploring ambiguous tonality, modes, or exotic scales are features of Impressionist music. ERIK SATIE: Gymnopedie No 1 CD 4-18 MAURICE RAVEL: Prelude in A Minor CD 4-19 Modern Music 1900 to present.........WWII, the Great Depression, and Modern Dance at home. An expanded use of compositional techniques, borrowing from previous periods, creative new approaches and tonalities, innovation in electronic instruments propels the new wave of music with technology. SERGEI RACHMANINOFF: Rhapsody Theme from Paganini CD 4-20 DMITRI SHOSTIKOVICH: Symphony No 5 CD 4-21 CARL ORFF: Carl Orff: O Fortuna CD 4-22 STANLEY MYERS: Cavatina CD 4-23 JONATHAN ELIAS: Prayer Cycle: Hope CD 4-24

DYNAMICS Recognition of Loud or Soft

Very soft.....pianissimo pp

Soft.....piano p Medium soft.....mezzo piano mp Medium loud.....mezzo forte mf

Loud.....forte f Very loud.....fortissimo ff

Gradually louder.....crescendo Gradually softer.....decrescendo or

diminuendo

TEMPO Recognition of Fast or Slow

Slow.....adagio

Very slow and broad.....largo Walking pace slow.....andante Moderate pace.....moderato

Lively.....allegro Fast and lively.....vivace

Very quick.....presto Gradually faster.....accelerando Gradually slower.....ritardando

ARTICULATION Recognition of Note Strength

Smooth, Separate and Distinct, or Forceful Variables in Playing Technique

Detached staccato

Smooth legato Played with force accent

Strongly accented marcato

PITCH Recognition of High or Low

Notes on high instruments.....flute or violin

Notes on low instrument.....bass or tuba Notes on medium instruments.....viola or oboe

Notes in a melody can move higher or lower Notes in a melody can stay on the same pitch

Notes can move up or down in steps Notes can move up or down in skips or leaps

TEXTURE Recognition of Many or Few

Vocal or Instrument Combinations

Monophonic...one voice, one melody Homophonic...one melody + accompaniment

Polyphonic....several voices or parts

Single solo instrument.....piano, violin, guitar Solo instrument with piano accompaniment

Solo instrument with chamber accompaniment

Duet for two instruments with or without accompaniment

String quartet.....four string instruments Chamber orchestra.....strings with winds Large concert orchestra.....all instrument

family groups included

INSTRUMENT FAMILIES Recognition of Individual Instrument

Sound Quality, Voice, or Timbre

String Family: Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Harp,

Mandolin, Classical Guitar Woodwind Family:

Flute, Clarinet, Oboe, English Horn, Bassoon Brass Family:

Trumpet, Coronet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba, Sousa Phone Percussion Family:

Timpani, Bass Drum, Snare Drum, Cymbals, Chimes, Xylophone, Marimba,

Piano, Harpsichord

HIGH

* * * * * LOW

FAST * * * * * SLOW

LOUD * * * * * SOFT

MANY

* * * * * FEW