periodical use in a university music library: a citation study of theses and dissertations
TRANSCRIPT
University of PennsylvaniaScholarlyCommons
Scholarship at Penn Libraries Penn Libraries
April 1983
Periodical Use in a University Music Library: ACitation Study of Theses and DissertationsSubmitted to the Indiana University School ofMusic from 1975-1980Richard GriscomUniversity of Pennsylvania, [email protected]
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© 1983 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted from Serials Librarian, Volume 73, Issue 3, Spring 1983, pages 35-52.Publisher URL: http://www.HaworthPress.com
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Recommended CitationGriscom, R. (1983). Periodical Use in a University Music Library: A Citation Study of Theses and Dissertations Submitted to theIndiana University School of Music from 1975-1980. 35-52. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/62
Periodical Use in a University Music Library: A Citation Study of Thesesand Dissertations Submitted to the Indiana University School of Musicfrom 1975-1980
AbstractIn an effort to measure in-house use of music periodicals, a citation study based on bibliographies in thesesand dissertations was conducted at the Indiana University Music Library. A total of 256 titles were cited, butonly 30% were cited more than once. While the periodical literature cited by musicologists has a low rate ofobsolescence, the periodicals cited by theorists and educators becomes obsolete at a rapid rate, making therate of obsolescence for the field as a whole, fairly high, unlike other subject areas in the humanities.
DisciplinesLibrary and Information Science
Comments© 1983 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted from Serials Librarian, Volume 73, Issue 3,Spring 1983, pages 35-52.Publisher URL: http://www.HaworthPress.com
This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/62
35
Periodical Usein a University Music Library:
A Citation Study of Theses and DissertationsSubmitted to the Indiana UniversitySchool of Music from 1975-1980
Richard Griscom
ABSTRACT. In an effort to measure in-house use of music periodicals,a citation study based on bibliographies in theses and dissertations wasconducted at the Indiana University Music Library. A total of 256 titleswere cited, but only 30% were cited more than once. While the periodicalliterature cited by musicologists has a low rate of obsolescence, theperiodicals cited by theorists and educators becomes obsolete at a rapidrate, making the rate of obsolescence for the field as a whole, fairlyhigh, unlike other subject areas in the humanities.
In these times of reduced budget allocations and economic recession,librarians have been forced to seek supplementary sources for fundingand prepare themselves-in the event that their search fails-for thepainful task of cutting back acquisitions budgets and reducing services.An already dismal situation is made worse by the constantly escalatingprices of library materials-of journal subscriptions in particular.
During the past decade, journal prices have risen at a much fasterrate than have book prices. I Two options are available to the librarianwith no alternate sources of funding: either shift funds from book budgets, or cancel subscriptions. Most librarians harbor protective feelingstoward periodical subscriptions; after striving for years to maintain acomplete run of a journal title, they are naturally reluctant to surrenderthat title, and instead choose to let the book budget suffer in favor ofthe long life of the periodical. In 1977, Richard DeGennaro addressedthis problem in American Libraries, stating that journal publishers arequite aware of librarians' weakness for periodical holdings and have
Richard Griscom is Music Cataloger, Music Library, Northwestern University, 1935 SheridanRoad, Evanston, IL 60201.
The author would like to thank Alvin Shrader, Debora Shaw, and David Fenske for theirkind help and encouragement.
The Serials Librarian, Vol. 7(3), Spring 1983© 1983 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
36 THE SERIALS liBRARIAN
used it to their advantage by raising prices at a faster rate than justified and by inaugurating new titles far beyond the point of their beingacademically or economically feasible. He feels that so long as librarianscontinue to acquiesce to the demands of publishers, the prices willrise. 2
The growing success of resource sharing in recent years gives librarians little reason to hesitate in cancelling periodical titles. Infrequently used titles can be dropped with the assurance that, if everneeded, they are accessible through one of a number of network-memberlibraries. When determining which journals to give up, librarians shouldexercise caution, however, for careless decisions can easily jeopardizethe strength of the collection, or (viewed from a more practical standpoint) excite a barrage of complaints and interlibrary loan requests.
When confronted with such a delicate decision, the wise librarianturns to statistics for support; these provide hard facts in black andwhite, while remaining safely cloaked in a hazy-grey ambiguity offigures. The past two decades have seen the evolution of several statistical techniques designed to aid librarians in assessing the relativeworth of library materials. For the most part, they fall into two categories: use studies and citation analyses.
The most important use studies have been conducted by RichardTrueswell, who proceeds from the assumption that use can be measuredby keeping statistics on the most recent circulation date of library materials. 3 For example, materials that circulate only once every two yearsmight be subject to removal from the collection without any fear ofweakening the collection.
This technique, unfortunately, has little relevance for journals andother non-circulating materials. For these, other methods have beendeveloped. Some researchers believe that book and journal use can bemeasured· by keeping statistics on materials that have been pulled offshelves-a simple procedure, but relatively ineffective. How can one becertain that an item pulled off the shelf was actually used by the patron?It might have been pronounced worthless after closer examination. Whatabout those patrons who insist-much to the dismay of librarians~n
reshelving their own books? Use studies are valuable up to a point,but they cannot be relied upon as the basis for a journal acquisitionspolicy.
The second method, citation analysis, was first applied in the sciences and social sciences as a means of identifying core periodicalsused by researchers. Since periodicals supposedly offer the most accurate and up-to-date picture of the current state of research, moststudies are based on citations in periodical literature. Citation analystscompile statistics on who cites what where, enabling them to definethe structure, content, and dissemination of research in a particular
37 Richard Griscom
field. In 1961, the Science Citation Index began publication, making the job of citation analysis in the sciences a much simpler one. The Arts & Humanities Citation Index was introduced in 1978 (extended retrospectively to include 1976 and 1977), and we can expect to see an onslaught of citation studies in the humanities based on the information contained in this valuable index. 4
One of the principal uses of citation analysis is in identifying core periodicals in an area of research. Lists of core periodicals consist of a ranking of the most frequently cited periodicals, usually based on the number of citations in the journal literature, and, more often than not, these rankings have shown that a majority of citations are taken from a very small group of periodicals-disheartening news for librarians who put thousands of dollars into journal budgets.
Citation analysis can also be used to map the obsolescence rate of periodical literature, i.e., how quickly a periodical becomes dated by no longer being cited. For libraries with space limitations, this can be valuable information. Periodicals occupy an ever-growing amount of shelf-space, but growth can easily be reduced--or even arrested-if not by cancelling subscriptions, then by placing obsolescent issues in a central storage area or by acquiring microfilm copies and discarding the hard copy. Such is the case with journal materials of the sciences and social sciences, which have a very high rate of obsolescence.
The situation in the humanities, unfortunately, is not quite as simple, and this may be one reason why citation studies in the humanities have been slow to catch on. Seminal research in art and music has given support to the general assumption that journals in the humanities have a low rate of obsolescence.s Rey Longyear's 1977 study of six music periodicals is a recent example of research that arrives at this conclusion:
Journal literature in musicology does not "obsolesce" in the sense of the comparable literature in the sciences and technology on which virtually all the previous studies of journal obsolescence and "half-lives" have been based. 6
Judging from these studies in the humanities, the use of journals declines with age, but not enough to warrant the removal of older volumes.
Both use studies and citation analysis are valuable tools, but each falls short in meeting the requirements of librarians interested in weeding a collection and possibly cancelling subscriptions. The primary fault of use studies lies in disagreement among researchers over what exactly constitutes library use. Is use circulation? Is use pulling books off shelves?
Citation analysis presents a different type of problem. The process traditionally involves counting and analyzing citations in widely cir
Richard Griscom 37
field. In 1961, the Science Citation Index began publication, makingthe job of citation analysis in the sciences a much simpler one. TheArts & Humanities Citation Index was introduced in 1978 (extendedretrospectively to include 1976 and 1977), and we can expect to see anonslaught of citation studies in the humanities based on the informationcontained in this valuable index. 4
One of the principal uses of citation analysis is in identifying coreperiodicals in an area of research. Lists of core periodicals consist ofa ranking of the most frequently cited periodicals, usually based on thenumber of citations in the journal literature, and, more often than not,these rankings have shown that a majority of citations are taken from avery small group of periodicals-disheartening news for librarians whoput thousands of dollars into journal budgets.
Citation analysis can also be used to map the obsolescence rate ofperiodical literature, i.e., how quickly a periodical becomes dated by nolonger being cited. For libraries with space limitations, this can bevaluable information. Periodicals occupy an ever-growing amount ofshelf-space, but growth can easily be reduced--or even arrested-ifnot by cancelling subscriptions, then by placing obsolescent issues in acentral storage area or by acquiring microfilm copies and discarding thehard copy. Such is the case with journal materials of the sciences andsocial sciences, which have a very high rate of obsolescence.
The situation in the humanities, unfortunately, is not quite as simple,and this may be one reason why citation studies in the humanities havebeen slow to catch on. Seminal research in art and music has givensupport to the general assumption that journals in the humanities havea low rate of obsolescence.s Rey Longyear's 1977 study of six musicperiodicals is a recent example of research that arrives at this conclusion:
Journal literature in musicology does not "obsolesce" in the senseof the comparable literature in the sciences and technology onwhich virtually all the previous studies of journal obsolescence and"half-lives" have been based. 6
Judging from these studies in the humanities, the use of journals declines with age, but not enough to warrant the removal of older volumes.
Both use studies and citation analysis are valuable tools, but eachfalls short in meeting the requirements of librarians interested in weeding a collection and possibly cancelling subscriptions. The primary faultof use studies lies in disagreement among researchers over what exactlyconstitutes library use. Is use circulation? Is use pulling books offshelves?
Citation analysis presents a different type of problem. The processtraditionally involves counting and analyzing citations in widely cir-
38 THE SERIALS UBRARIAN
culated periodicals, and so the findings reflect use by the authors published in those journals, each of whom probably had a different set of resources at hand when compiling research for his or her article. Therefore, citation analysis measures journal. use in the scholarly community as a whole-not in a particular library-and any librarian who weighs the results too heavily is, in essence, basing decisions on the research habits of writers who never set foot in his or her library.
Yet librarians continue to consult citation analyses for help in maintaining their collections. Alan Singleton sums up the situation in this way:
Citation ranking in an attractive concept. For librarians, its use and value are severely limited. It would appear that its best use would be for a library operating in a well-defined subject area. In this case, the best source choice would appear to be ... citations from papers on the subject (as opposed to papers from subject journals) . . .
Citation analysis is, however, a useful technique for examining journals in general, mapping trends in those journals or literature as a whole or of a particular country. Partly because of its many possible interpretations, it remains interesting. 7
Here Singleton hits upon an important point that serves as a solution to the problem of devising an effective method for measuring inhouse use of periodicals. Librarians should study the products of research undertaken, or presumed to have been undertaken, in the library under study. Theses and dissertations serve as a convenient source of such in-house research; a citation study using these materials as source documents offers a practical compromise between use studies and traditional citation studies by avoiding most of the pitfalls of each while retaining most of the advantages. H
One question comes immediately to mind: if use cannot be measured by circulation dates or by the number of books pulled off shelves, then how can one maintain that it is possible to measure library use by analyzing citations in theses and dissertations? Granted, citation studies cannot measure the casual, day-to-day use of library materials-what has been termed "informal" use. Theses and dissertations are examples of the "formal" use of information, which is distinct from, yet related to, informal use just as written language remains separate from, yet akin, to spoken language. 9 By measuring formal use, we determine which materials were important enough to the researcher to merit a citation. A study of theses and dissertations, therefore, does not assess the value of the library as a source of recreation or current awareness, but rather as a tool for research.
38 THE SERIALS UBRARIAN
culated periodicals, and so the findings reflect use by the authors published in those journals, each of whom probably had a different setof resources at hand when compiling research for his or her article.Therefore, citation analysis measures journal. use in the scholarly community as a whole-not in a particular library-and any librarian whoweighs the results too heavily is, in essence, basing decisions on theresearch habits of writers who never set foot in his or her library.
Yet librarians continue to consult citation analyses for help in maintaining their collections. Alan Singleton sums up the situation in thisway:
Citation ranking in an attractive concept. For librarians, its useand value are severely limited. It would appear that its best usewould be for a library operating in a well-defined subject area.In this case, the best source choice would appear to be ... citations from papers on the subject (as opposed to papers from subject journals) . . .
Citation analysis is, however, a useful technique for examiningjournals in general, mapping trends in those journals or literatureas a whole or of a particular country. Partly because of its manypossible interpretations, it remains interesting. 7
Here Singleton hits upon an important point that serves as a solution to the problem of devising an effective method for measuring inhouse use of periodicals. Librarians should study the products of research undertaken, or presumed to have been undertaken, in the libraryunder study. Theses and dissertations serve as a convenient source ofsuch in-house research; a citation study using these materials as sourcedocuments offers a practical compromise between use studies and traditional citation studies by avoiding most of the pitfalls of each whileretaining most of the advantages. H
One question comes immediately to mind: if use cannot be measuredby circulation dates or by the number of books pulled off shelves, thenhow can one maintain that it is possible to measure library use by analyzing citations in theses and dissertations? Granted, citation studiescannot measure the casual, day-to-day use of library materials-whathas been termed "informal" use. Theses and dissertations are examplesof the "formal" use of information, which is distinct from, yet relatedto, informal use just as written language remains separate from, yetakin, to spoken language. 9 By measuring formal use, we determinewhich materials were important enough to the researcher to merit acitation. A study of theses and dissertations, therefore, does not assessthe value of the library as a source of recreation or current awareness,but rather as a tool for research.
39 Richard Griscom
The process used in the present study was a simple but time-consuming one. For each thesis or dissertation submitted between 1975 and 1980---provided it was on the shelf by February 1981 (there were sixty-seven in all}-the following information was recorded, using the documents' bibliographies as a source: 1) journal title and date for each periodical citation; 2) the number of citations to book materials, including encyclopedia articles; 3) the number of citations to other materials, such as dissertations, newspapers, ERIC files, etc.; and 4) the major field of the degree candidate, the four choices being musicology, music theory, music education, and applied music. These general statistics are summarized in Table 1.
Periodical citations account for approximately thirty percent of the total number of citations-a proportion similar to that found in other citation studies in the humanities; both Wesley Clark Simonton's study in the fine arts and B. R. Tucker's in philology record twenty-nine percent. 10 The number of book citations per source document is almost twice that of periodical citations. With respect to theses and dissertations in musicology, 23.6 percent of the citations were to periodicals; this is comparable to the 25 percent found by D. L. Vaughan in his 1959 analysis of The Musical Quarterly and The Journal of the American Musicological Society. II Music theorists tend to cite more periodical literature than music educators, who, in tum, cite more than musicologists. Since the number of documents from applied music majors is so small, separate observations could not be justified; the figures are here simply as a record, and no further analysis was devoted to the documents. For music theory, music education, and musicology documents, cited periodicals were ranked according to the number of citations to each (Tables 3_5),12 and the obsolescence rate within each subject area was mapped on bar graphs (Figures 2, 3, & 4).
A total of 265 periodical titles were cited in the sixty-seven theses and dissertations; of these, only seventy-nine were cited more than once. Table 2 lists the fifty most frequently cited periodicals. Six journals produced one quarter of the citations; twenty-nine, one-half; and all fifty satisfied three-fifths of the citations.
For the rankings according to subject area, any journal that was cited in no more than one document was omitted with the thought that the rankings should not be influenced by the specialized research needs of a single person. Table 3 shows that theorists restrict their use to a very small group of journals. More than half the total number of citations were satisfied by the first five journals; the entire list produced almost three-quarters of the total. Strong emphasis is placed on Perspectives of New Music and the Journal of Music Theory, with forty-one and thirty-seven citations, respectively. We can also see from Table 1 that theorists rely less on secondary sources in their work,
Richard Griscom 39
The process used in the present study was a simple but time-consuming one. For each thesis or dissertation submitted between 1975and 1980---provided it was on the shelf by February 1981 (there weresixty-seven in all}-the following information was recorded, using thedocuments' bibliographies as a source: 1) journal title and date foreach periodical citation; 2) the number of citations to book materials,including encyclopedia articles; 3) the number of citations to othermaterials, such as dissertations, newspapers, ERIC files, etc.; and 4)the major field of the degree candidate, the four choices being musicology, music theory, music education, and applied music. These general statistics are summarized in Table 1.
Periodical citations account for approximately thirty percent of thetotal number of citations-a proportion similar to that found in othercitation studies in the humanities; both Wesley Clark Simonton's studyin the fine arts and B. R. Tucker's in philology record twenty-ninepercent. 10 The number of book citations per source document is almosttwice that of periodical citations. With respect to theses and dissertations in musicology, 23.6 percent of the citations were to periodicals;this is comparable to the 25 percent found by D. L. Vaughan in his1959 analysis of The Musical Quarterly and The Journal of the AmericanMusicological Society. II Music theorists tend to cite more periodical literature than music educators, who, in tum, cite more than musicologists.Since the number of documents from applied music majors is so small,separate observations could not be justified; the figures are here simplyas a record, and no further analysis was devoted to the documents. Formusic theory, music education, and musicology documents, cited periodicals were ranked according to the number of citations to each (Tables3_5),12 and the obsolescence rate within each subject area was mappedon bar graphs (Figures 2, 3, & 4).
A total of 265 periodical titles were cited in the sixty-seven thesesand dissertations; of these, only seventy-nine were cited more thanonce. Table 2 lists the fifty most frequently cited periodicals. Sixjournals produced one quarter of the citations; twenty-nine, one-half;and all fifty satisfied three-fifths of the citations.
For the rankings according to subject area, any journal that wascited in no more than one document was omitted with the thoughtthat the rankings should not be influenced by the specialized researchneeds of a single person. Table 3 shows that theorists restrict their useto a very small group of journals. More than half the total number ofcitations were satisfied by the first five journals; the entire list produced almost three-quarters of the total. Strong emphasis is placed onPerspectives of New Music and the Journal of Music Theory, withforty-one and thirty-seven citations, respectively. We can also see fromTable 1 that theorists rely less on secondary sources in their work,
40 THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN
with an average of only 22.6 citations per document, compared to the overall average of 56.6.
Alan Singleton notes that citation analyses are valuable in determining which journals outside a field of study have been of use to researchers working within that field-information that cannot easily be obtained by other methods. '3 Such is the case with the ranking of music-education journals. One might guess that researchers in music education would make moderate use of periodicals in the social sciences, but the ranking in Table 4 shows a strong dependence on non-music research; three psychology journals appear among the ten most frequently cited titles. Considerable emphasis is placed on the Music Educators Journal. while the remainder of the citations are dispersed among a large number of diverse journals, ranging from Art Education to the Journal of Personality. This diversity is undoubtedly a product of the diversity within the field itself.
Musicology majors extend their periodical use over a large number of titles (Table 5). Ten journals are required to satisfy one-third of the citations, whereas it took fewer than five journals to produce the same results for the theory and music-education documents. Of the twentythree journals listed here, only seven publish exclusively in English; the theory and education rankings include few foreign periodicals.
As was mentioned above, it is generally assumed that journal literature in the humanities does not become dated as quickly as that of the sciences and social sciences. Figure 2 shows that the musicology documents analyzed in the present study reenforce these findings. Although there is a decline in use with age, a fairly large percentage (43%) pre-date World War II. In fact, the rate of obsolescence is not nearly as great as that of Longyear's study, in which only thirty-five percent of the citations antedated 1945. 14
Previous citation studies of musicology journals, such as Longyear's and Vaughan's, offer a point of reference and help place the findings of the present study in perspective. So far as 1 know, similar studies have not been applied to music-theory or music-education journals. There has been one study, however, that ranks selected fields in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities according to the obsolescence rates of scholarly literature found in previously published research.'~ The results are surprising. After the sciences and social sciences, philosophy and music were found to be the subject areas most reliant on current literature. Judging from the statistics on musicology, this would seem unlikely, but when taking all three areas into account, we are faced with a different situation. Figure 1 shows that the rate of obsolescence in the literature as a whole is very high: almost three-quarters of the total number of periodical citations date from 1955 to 1978. The reason for the marked difference between musicology and the entire field of
-
40 THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN
with an average of only 22.6 citations per document, compared to theoverall average of 56.6.
Alan Singleton notes that citation analyses are valuable in determiningwhich journals outside a field of study have been of use to researchersworking within that field-information that cannot easily be obtained byother methods. '3 Such is the case with the ranking of music-educationjournals. One might guess that researchers in music education wouldmake moderate use of periodicals in the social sciences, but the rankingin Table 4 shows a strong dependence on non-music research; threepsychology journals appear among the ten most frequently cited titles.Considerable emphasis is placed on the Music Educators Journal. whilethe remainder of the citations are dispersed among a large number ofdiverse journals, ranging from Art Education to the Journal of Personality. This diversity is undoubtedly a product of the diversity withinthe field itself.
Musicology majors extend their periodical use over a large numberof titles (Table 5). Ten journals are required to satisfy one-third of thecitations, whereas it took fewer than five journals to produce the sameresults for the theory and music-education documents. Of the twentythree journals listed here, only seven publish exclusively in English;the theory and education rankings include few foreign periodicals.
As was mentioned above, it is generally assumed that journal literature in the humanities does not become dated as quickly as that of thesciences and social sciences. Figure 2 shows that the musicology documents analyzed in the present study reenforce these findings. Althoughthere is a decline in use with age, a fairly large percentage (43%)pre-date World War II. In fact, the rate of obsolescence is not nearlyas great as that of Longyear's study, in which only thirty-five percentof the citations antedated 1945. 14
Previous citation studies of musicology journals, such as Longyear'sand Vaughan's, offer a point of reference and help place the findingsof the present study in perspective. So far as 1 know, similar studieshave not been applied to music-theory or music-education journals.There has been one study, however, that ranks selected fields in thesciences, social sciences, and humanities according to the obsolescencerates of scholarly literature found in previously published research.'~ Theresults are surprising. After the sciences and social sciences, philosophyand music were found to be the subject areas most reliant on currentliterature. Judging from the statistics on musicology, this would seemunlikely, but when taking all three areas into account, we are facedwith a different situation. Figure 1 shows that the rate of obsolescencein the literature as a whole is very high: almost three-quarters of thetotal number of periodical citations date from 1955 to 1978. The reasonfor the marked difference between musicology and the entire field of
Richard Griscom 4/
music is the extremely high rate of obsolescence in the periodical literature cited by music educators and theorists (Figures 3 & 4). More than three-quarters of the music-education citations and seven-eighths of the theory citations date from the past twenty-five years. These two fields, therefore, behave more like the sciences and social sciences than like the humanities, as might be expected. There could be a number of explanations for this. Periodical indexing in music was sporadic and far from thorough before the establishment of Music Index in 1940; music history was the only area that enjoyed respectable coverage during the first half of the century. Another possible reason is the simple fact that music theory is, in essence, the scientific study of music (in contrast to musicology, which is more closely related to the humanities), and music education, being a subfield of education, is a social science; therefore, the literature of the two fields behave accordingly.
In summary, a total of 265 periodical titles were cited in the source documents; of these, a little under thirty percent were cited more than once. When taken as a whole, the periodical literature of music has a high rate of obsolescence. Musicologists extend their use over a large number of journals having a fairly low rate of obsolescence. Music theorists cite a very small group of journals, the majority of which become obsolete in a little over ten years. Music educators use a large variety of periodicals, which become dated almost as rapidly as those of theory; many of the journals concern topics other than music, such
' as general education and psychology. .
How can these findings be applied to serials management in music libraries? I am not convinced that the specifics of the present study would have any relevance outside the Indiana University Music Library, but I believe the general findings of this study-that researchers in music rely on a relatively small group of journals that do indeed become obsolescent with age-would be reaffirmed were the study to be repeated at other institutions.
Librarians must now set about determining which periodicals in their own collection are likely candidates for cancellation, and negotiate within regional networks to decide which library-if any-should retain a subscription. Of course, a deluge of subscription cancellations will no doubt drive prices even higher, but, being faced with shrinking budgets and the exigencies of serial publishers, librarians have no other choice.
NOTES
I. Michael R. Kronenfeld and James A. Thompson. "The Impact of Inflation on Journal Costs." Library Jourr/tll 106. no. 2 (I April 1981):714-717.
2. See Richard DeGennaro, "Escalating Journal Prices: Time to Fight Back," American Libraries 8, no. 2 (February 1977):69-74.
Richard Griscom 4/
music is the extremely high rate of obsolescence in the periodical literature cited by music educators and theorists (Figures 3 & 4). Morethan three-quarters of the music-education citations and seven-eighthsof the theory citations date from the past twenty-five years. These twofields, therefore, behave more like the sciences and social sciencesthan like the humanities, as might be expected. There could be a number of explanations for this. Periodical indexing in music was sporadicand far from thorough before the establishment of Music Index in1940; music history was the only area that enjoyed respectable coverage during the first half of the century. Another possible reason is thesimple fact that music theory is, in essence, the scientific study ofmusic (in contrast to musicology, which is more closely related tothe humanities), and music education, being a subfield of education,is a social science; therefore, the literature of the two fields behaveaccordingly.
In summary, a total of 265 periodical titles were cited in the sourcedocuments; of these, a little under thirty percent were cited more thanonce. When taken as a whole, the periodical literature of music hasa high rate of obsolescence. Musicologists extend their use over alarge number of journals having a fairly low rate of obsolescence. Musictheorists cite a very small group of journals, the majority of whichbecome obsolete in a little over ten years. Music educators use a largevariety of periodicals, which become dated almost as rapidly as thoseof theory; many of the journals concern topics other than music, suchas general education and psychology.
How can these findings be applied to serials management in musiclibraries? I am not convinced that the specifics of the present studywould have any relevance outside the Indiana University Music Library,but I believe the general findings of this study-that researchers inmusic rely on a relatively small group of journals that do indeed become obsolescent with age-would be reaffirmed were the study to berepeated at other institutions.
Librarians must now set about determining which periodicals in theirown collection are likely candidates for cancellation, and negotiatewithin regional networks to decide which library-if any-should retaina subscription. Of course, a deluge of subscription cancellations willno doubt drive prices even higher, but, being faced with shrinkingbudgets and the exigencies of serial publishers, librarians have no otherchoice.
NOTES
I. Michael R. Kronenfeld and James A. Thompson, ''The Impact of Inflation on JournalCosts," Library Jour/IfJl 106, no. 2 (I April 1981):714-717.
2. See Richard DeGennaro, "Escalating Journal Prices: Time to Fight Back," AmericanLibraries 8, no. 2 (February 1977):69-74.
42 THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN
3. For an example of Trueswell's work see "User Circulation Satisfaction vs. Size of Holdings at Three Academic Libraries," College & Research Libraries 30, no. 3 (May 1969):204-213.
4. For reviews of the Arts & Humanities Citation Index as a tool in music research. see Michael A. Keller and Carol A. Lawrence, "Music Literature Indexes in Review," Notes: The Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 36. no. 3 (March 1980):576-588, and Thomas Heck, "The Relevance of the 'Arts & Humanities' Data Base to Musicological Research," Fontes Artis Musicae 28, no. 1-2 (January-June 1981):81-87.
5. Wesley Clark Simonton, "Characteristics of the Research Literature of the Fine Arts During the Period 1948-1957" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1960); D. L. Vaughan, "Characteristics of Literature Cited by Authors in Articles in the Musical Quarterly, 1955-58 and The American Musicological Society Journal, 1953-56" (M.L.S. thesis. University of North Carolina 1959).
6. R. M. Longyear. "Article Citations and 'Obsolescence' in Musicological Journals," Notes: The Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 33, no. 3 (March 1977):563-571.
7. Alan Singleton, "Journal Ranking and Selection: A Review in Physics," Journal of Documentation 32. no. 4 (December 1976):272.
8. A list of other citation studies based on dissertations would include: Katherine W. McCain and James E. Bobick, "Palterns of Journal Use in a Departmental Library: A Citation Analysis," Journal of the American Society for Information Science [JAS/S] 32. no. 4 (July 1981):257267; William Bruce, "A Citation Analysis of Doctoral Dissertations in Library and Information Science, 1961-1970" (Ph.D. dissertation, Case Western Reserve University. 1975); and George R. Chambers and James S. Healey, "Journal Citations in Master's Theses: One Measurement of a Journal Collection," JAS/S 24, no. 5 (September-October 1973):397-401.
9. Alan Pritchard, "leiters to the Editor: Citation Analysis vs. Use Data," Journal of Documentation 36. no. 3 (September 1980):268-269.
10. Louis Bebout, Donald Davis. Jr.• and Donald Oehlerts. "User Studies in the Humanities: A Survey and a Proposal," RQ 15, no. I (Fall 1975):41.
II. Vaughn, "Characteristics of Literature," p. 17. 12. In these tables. periodicals with an identical number of citations are subranked by the
number of citing documents (e.g .• a periodical cited ten times in six documents receives a higher ranking than a periodical cited ten times in two documents). If both the number of citations and the number of citing documents are identical, the titles receive equal ranking and are arranged in alphabetical order.
13. Singleton, "Journal Ranking," p. 271. 14. Longyear, "Article Citations," p.. 569 (Table III). 15. Clyve Jones, Michael Chapman and Pamela Carr Woods. "The Characteristics of the
Literature Used by Historians," Journal of Librarianship. 4, no. 3 (July 1972):137-159.
42 THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN
3. For an example of Trueswell's work see "User Circulation Satisfaction vs. Size of Holdings at Three Academic Libraries," College & Research Libraries 30, no. 3 (May 1969):204-213.
4. For reviews of the Arts & Humanities Citation Index as a tool in music research, seeMichael A. Keller and Carol A. Lawrence, "Music Literature Indexes in Review," Notes: TheQuarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 36, no. 3-(March 1980):576-588, and ThomasHeck, "The Relevance of the 'Arts & Humanities' Data Base to Musicological Research,"Fontes Artis Musicae 28, no. 1-2 (January-June 1981):81-87.
5. Wesley Clark Simonton, "Characteristics of the Research Literature of the Fine ArtsDuring the Period 1948-1957" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1960); D. L. Vaughan, "Characteristics of Literature Cited by Authors in Articles in the MusicalQuarterly, 1955-58 and The American Musicological Society Journal. 1953-56" (M.L.S. thesis,University of North Carolina 1959).
6. R. M. Longyear, "Article Citations and 'Obsolescence' in Musicological Journals," Notes:The Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 33, no. 3 (March 1977):563-571.
7. Alan Singleton, "Journal Ranking and Selection: A Review in Physics," Journal of Documentation 32, no. 4 (December 1976):272.
8. A list of other citation studies based on dissertations would include: Katherine W. McCainand James E. Bobick, "Palterns of Journal Use in a Departmental Library: A Citation Analysis,"Journal of the American Society for Information Science [JASIS1 32, no. 4 (July 1981):257267; William Bruce, "A Citation Analysis of Doctoral Dissertations in Library and InformationScience, 1961-1970" (Ph.D. dissertation, Case Western Reserve University, 1975); and George R.Chambers and James S. Healey, "Journal Citations in Master's Theses: One Measurement of aJournal Collection," JASIS 24, no. 5 (September-October 1973):397-401.
9. Alan Pritchard, "leiters to the Editor: Citation Analysis vs. Use Data," Journal of Documentation 36, no. 3 (September 1980):268-269.
10. Louis Bebout, Donald Davis, Jr., and Donald Oehlerts, "User Studies in the Humanities:A Survey and a Proposal," RQ 15, no. I (Fall 1975):4 I.
II. Vaughn, "Characteristics of Literature," p. 17.12. In these tables, periodicals with an identical number of citations are subranked by the
number of citing documents (e.g., a periodical cited ten times in six documents receives a higherranking than a periodical cited ten times in two documents). If both the number of citations andthe number of citing documents are identical, the titles receive equal ranking and are arrangedin alphabetical order.
13. Singleton, "Journal Ranking," p. 271.14. Longyear, "Article Citations," p., 569 (Table III).15. Clyve Jones, Michael Chapman and Pamela Carr Woods, "The Characteristics of the
Literature Used by Historians," Journal of Librarianship. 4, no. 3 (July 1972):137-159.
, . 'rII>
283
190
3-1875-94
9 12
• •1895-04 1905-14
21
•1915-24
28 28
• • 1925-34 1935-44
81
I I I 1945-54 1955-64 1965-74
35
I 1975-78
no. of citations
year of publication
100% 99.6% 98.3% 96.5% 93.5% 89.4% 85.4% 73.6% 46.1% 5.1% % total (cumulat ive)
...... AGURE I. Obsolescence in the fifty most frequently cited periodicals"'"
283
190
81
28 28
I I I35 no. of citations
21
• • I9 12 •3 • •-1875-94 1895-04 1905-14 1915-24 1925-34 1935-44 1945-54 1955-64 1965-74 1975-78 year of publication
100% 99.6% 98.3% 96.5% 93.5% 89.4% 85.4% 73.6% 46.1% 5.1% % total (cumulat ive)
"'" AGURE I. Obsolescence in the fifty most frequently cited periodicals......
t
59
82• 4-pre-1875
4 4- -1875-84 1885-94
9-1895-04
41 33 36 I26 21 I I I• • • 9-1905-14 1915-24 1925-34 1935-44 1945-54 1955-64 1965-74 1975-78
no. of citations
year of publ ication
100% 99.3% 98.0% 96.8% 94.1% 85.7% 78.8% 66.6% 56.7% 45.7% 27.7% 2.7% % total periodical citations {cumulative}
FIGURE 2. Obsolescence of periodicals cited in musicology theses and dissertations
t
82•59
4133 36 I26 21 I I I4 4 4 9 • • • 9 no. of citations- - - - -pre-1875 1875-84 1885-94 1895-04 1905-14 1915-24 1925-34 1935-44 1945-54 1955-64 1965-74 1975-78 year of publ ication
100% 99.3% 98.0% 96.8% 94.1% 85.7% 78.8% 66.6% 56.7% 45.7% 27.7% 2.7% % total periodicalcitations (cumulative)
FIGURE 2. Obsolescence of periodicals cited in musicology theses and dissertations
252
133
28 25 no. of citations 16
5 7 I 54
I I -1900-04 - 1975-78 year of publication
100% 99.6% 98.8% 97.5% 94.4% 89.1% 78.8% 53.2% 4.7% % total periodical citations (cumulative)
FIGURE 3. Obsolescence of periodicals cited in music education theses and dissertations
1905-14 1915-24 - - 1925-34 1935-44 1945-54 1955-64 • 1965-74 • ~ ~
252
133
54
28 I I I25 no. of citations
716 • •5 -- - -1900-04 1905-14 1915-24 1925-34 1935-44 1945-54 1955-64 1965-74 1975-78 year of publication
100% 99.6% 98.8% 97.5% 94.4% 89.1% 78.8% 53.2% 4.7% % total periodicalcitations (cumulative)
FIGURE 3. Obsolescence of periodicals cited in music education theses and dissertations
~
104
70
14 no. of citations
3 3 31 -
17
I I 1905-14 - 1915-24 1925-34 - 1935-44 - 1945-54• 1955-64 1965-74 1975-78• year of publication
100% 98.6% 98.1% 96.7% 95.3% 87.4% 54.9% 6.5% % total periodical citations (cumulative)
HGVRE 4. Obsolescence of periodicals cited in music theory theses and dissertations
..
~
..
104
70
17
I I14 no. of citations
3 1 3 3 • •- - - -1905-14 1915-24 1925-34 1935-44 1945-54 1955-64 1965-74 1975-78 year of publication
100% 98.6% 98.1% 96.7% 95.3% 87.4% 54.9% 6.5% % total periodicalcitations (cumulative)
HGVRE 4. Obsolescence of periodicals cited in music theory theses and dissertations
.. ,
TABLE 1
GENERAL STATISTICS
area of concentration
ftJSI C THEORY
MUS IC EDUCATI ON
# of source docs.
25
20
total # of
citations
566
1618
average # of
citations per source
doc.
22.6
80.9
PERIODICALS
# of ! I
cl tatlons i % total
: I
215 I 40.0% I
521 I
32.2%
average per source
doc.
8.6
26.1
BOOKS (excluding scores)
# of average citations % total per source
doc.
300 53.0% 12.0
861 53.2% 43.1
MUSICOLOGY
APPLIED MUSIC
17
5
1388
217
81.6
43.4
328
65
I 23.6%
30.0%
19.3
13.0
886
146
63.8%
67.3%
52.1
29.2
TOTAL 67 3789 56.6 1129 29.8% 16.9 2194 58.0% 32.8
,.
~
....... ~.......
TABLE 1
GENERAL STATISTICS
average PERIODICALS BOOKS (excluding scores)# of total # of
area of source # of citations # of ! average # of averageI
concentrati on docs. citations per source cl tations i % total per source cI tati ons % total per sourcedoc. : doc. doc.
I
8.6ftJSI C THEORY 25 566 22.6 215 I 40.0% 300 53.0% 12.0I
MUS IC EDUCATI ON 1618 80.9 521I
32.2% 26.1 861 53.2% 43.120
IMUSICOLOGY 17 1388 81.6 328 23.6% 19.3 886 63.8% 52.1
APPLIED MUSIC 5 217 43.4 65 30.0% 13.0 146 67.3% 29.2
TOTAL 67 3789 56.6 1129 29.8% 16.9 2194 58.0% 32.8
,.
48 THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN
TABLE 2
THE FIFTY MOST FREQUENTLY CITED PERIODICALS
ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF CITATIONS
% total periodicalRank citations citations (cum.)
Music Educators Journal 100 8.9
Journal of Music Theory 12.7
The Musical Quarterly 16.4
3 Perspectives of New Music 42 20. I
Journal of Research in Music Education. 30 22.7
6 Etude 28 25.2
The Music Review. 23 27. 3
7 Journal of the American Musicological
Society 23 29.1
9 Music Journal 21 3 I .2
9 Clavier 21 33.0
11 Music & Letters. 20 34.8
12 American Music Teacher 14 36.0
12 Tempo. 14 37. 3
14 Musical Times. 13 38.4
15 The Score. 12 39.5
16 Journal of Educational Psychology. 11 40.5
17 The American Journal of Psychology 1 I) 41.7
17 Musik und Kirche 10 42.2
17 Melos. 10 43.1
17 School Musician. III 44.0
21 Die Musikforschung 9 44.8
21 Journal of Experimental Psychology 9 45.6
21 2eitschrift fur Musikwissenschaft. 9 46.4
24 Acta musicologica. 8 47.1
24 Musical Courier. 8 47.8
24 Instrumental ist. 8 48.5 .. 24 Recherches sur la musique fran~aise
classique. 8
28 Archiv fur Musikwissenschaft 7
28 Diapason 7
48
Rank
THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN
TABLE 2
THE FIFTY MOST FREQUENTLY CITED PERIODICALS
ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF CITATIONS
% totalperiodical
# citations citations (cum.)
Music Educators Journal
Journa I of Mus i c Theory
The Musical Quarterly
Perspectives of New Music
Journal of Research in Music Education.
6 Etude
The Music Review.
7 Journal of the American Musicological
Society
9 Music Journal
9 Clavier
11 Music & Letters.
12 American Music Teacher
12 Tempo.
14 Musical Times.
15 The Score.
16 Journal of Educational Psychology.
17 The American Journal of Psychology
17 Musik und Kirche
17 Melos.
17 School Musician.
21 Die Musikforschung
21 Journal of Experimental Psychology
21 2eitschrift fur Musikwissenschaft.
24 Acta musicologica.
24 Musical Courier.
24 Instrumental ist.
24 Recherches sur la musique fran~aise
classique.
28 Archiv fur Musikwissenschaft
28 Diapason
100
42
30
28
23
23
21
21
20
14
14
13
12
11
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
7
7
8.9
12.7
16.4
20.1
22.7
25.2
27. 3
29.1
31 .2
33.0
34.8
36.0
37. 3
38.4
39.5
40.5
41.7
42.2
43.1
44.0
44.8
45.6
46.4
47.1
47.8
48.5
49·2
49.9
50.5
..
49 Richard Griscom
TABLE 2 (cont.)
28 Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik
28 Phi Delta Kappan
28 Sammelbande der internationalen Musik
gesellschaft 7
28 Monatshefte f~r Musik-Geschichte 7
34 Schweizerische Musikzeitung. 6
34 Musical America. 6
34 Musical Opinion. 6
34 The Psychological Review 6
34 The Journal of Aesthetic Education 6
34 Tijdschrift der Vereniging voor Nederlandse
Muziekgeschiedenis 6
40 Notes. 5
40 Art Education.
40 Musica disciplina. 5
40 Revue de musicologie 5
40 The Saturday Review.
45 Modern Music
45 The Piano Quarterly. 4
45 The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 4
45 The Journal of General Education
45 Psychonomic Science. 4
50 College Music Symposium.
50 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
50 The Monthly Musical Record 3
50 The Music Forum.
51.1
51.7
52. 3
53.0
53.5
54.0
54.6
55.1
55.6
56.2
56.6
57.0
57.5
57.9
58.4
58.7
59.1
59.4
59.8
60.1
60.4
60.7
60.9
61.2
•
Richard Griscom
TABLE 2 (cont.)
28 Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik
28 Phi Delta Kappan
28 Sammelbande der internationalen Musik-
gesellschaft 7
28 Monatshefte f~r Musik-Geschichte 7
34 Schweizerische Musikzeitung. 6
34 Musical America. 6
34 Musical Opinion. 6
34 The Psychological Review 6
34 The Journal of Aesthetic Education 6
34 Tijdschrift der Vereniging voor Nederlandse
Muziekgeschiedenis 6
40 Notes. 5
40 Art Education.
40 Musica disciplina. 5
40 Revue de musicologie 5
40 The Saturday Review.
45 Modern Music 4
45 The Piano Quarterly. 4
45 The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 4
45 The Journal of General Education
45 Psychonomic Science. 4
50 College Music Symposium.
50 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
50 The Monthly Musical Record
50 The Music Forum.
51.1
51.7
52. 3
53.0
53.5
54.0
54.6
55.1
55.6
56.2
56.6
57.0
57.5
57.9
58.4
58.7
59.1
59.4
59.8
60.1
60.4
60.7
60.9
61.2
t
49
50 THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN
TABLE 3
PERIODICALS CITED IN THEORY THESES AND DISSERTATIONS % total periodicalRank # citations citations (cum.)
Perspectives of New Music. 41 19.1
Journal of Music Theory. 37 36.3
Tempo ... 13 42. 3
4 The Musical Quarterly. 11 47.4
The Score .... 11 52.6
6 The Music Review 10 57.2
Me 1os. . . . . 8 60.9
8 Musical Times. 64.1
9 Music & Letters. 66.5
10 Journal of Research in Music Education 68.8
11 The Saturday Review. 70.7
12 The Music Forum. 72. I
13 Modern Music .. 73.5
14 College Music Symposium. 74.4
TABLE 4
PERIODICALS CITED IN MUSIC EDUCATION THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
% total periodical
Rank # citations citations (cum.)
Music Educators Journal 99 19.0
Etude 27 24.2
Journal of Research in Music Education. 22 28.4
4 Music Journal 21 32.4
5 Clavier 19 36.1
6 American Music Teacher. 13 38.6
Journal of Educational Psychology 11 40.7
8 School Musician 10 42. 6
9 The American Journal of Psychology. 9 44.3
10 Journal of Experimental Psychology. 9 46.1
11 Instrumental ist 8 47.6
12 Ph i De I t a Kappan. 7 48.9
50
Rank
THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN
TABLE 3
PERIODICALS CITED IN THEORY THESES AND DISSERTATIONS% totalperiodical
# citations citations (cum.)
Perspectives of New Music.
Journal of Music Theory.
Tempo ...
4 The Musical Quarterly.
The Score ....
6 The Music Review
Me 1os. . . . .
8 Musical Times.
9 Music & Letters.
10 Journal of Research in Music Education
11 The Saturday Review.
12 The Music Forum.
13 Modern Music ..
14 College Music Symposium.
TABLE 4
41
37
13
11
11
10
8
19.1
36.3
42. 3
47.4
52.6
57.2
60.9
64.1
66.5
68.8
70.7
72. I
73.5
74.4
Rank
PERIODICALS CITED IN MUSIC EDUCATION THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
% totalperiodical
# citations citations (cum.)
Music Educators Journal 99 19.0
Etude 27 24.2
Journal of Research in Music Education. 22 28.4
4 Music Journal 21 32.4
5 Clavier 19 36. I
6 American Music Teacher. 13 38.6
Journal of Educational Psychology 11 40.7
8 School Musician 10 42. 6
9 The American Journal of Psychology. 9 44.3
10 Journal of Experimental Psychology. 9 46.1
11 Instrumental ist 8 47.6
12 Ph i De I t a Kappan. 7 48.9
Richard Griscom 5/
TABLE 4 (cont.)
13 The Journal of Aesthetic Education.
14 Art Education
15 The Psychological Review.
16 The Musical Quarterly
17 The Journal of General Education.
18 The Elementary School Journal
18 Diapason.
18 The Harvard Educational Review.
18 Music & Letters
18 Musical Courier
18 The Piano Quarterly
18 Social Education.
25 American String Teacher
25 Archives of Psychology.
25 The Journal of General Psychology
25 The Journal of Musicology
25 Journal of Personality.
25 The Journal of Psychology
25 Journal of the Acoustical Society of
25 Music Teacher
25 Musical America
25 The National Elementary Principal
25 Psychological Monographs.
6
5
4
4
2
America
50.1
51.1
52.0
52.8
53.6
54.1
54.7
55.3
55.9
56.4
57.0
57.6
58.0
58.3
58.7
59.1
59.5
59.9
60.3
60.7
61.0
61.4
61.8
Richard Griscom
TABLE 4 (cont.)
13 The Journal of Aesthetic Education. 6
14 Art Education
15 The Psychological Review. 5
16 The Musical Quarterly 4
17 The Journal of General Education. 4
18 The Elementary School Journal
18 Diapason.
18 The Harvard Educational Review.
18 Music & Letters
18 Musical Courier
18 The Piano Quarterly
18 Social Education.
25 American String Teacher
25 Archives of Psychology. 2
25 The Journal of General Psychology
25 The Journal of Musicology
25 Journal of Personality.
25 The Journal of Psychology
25 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
25 Music Teacher
25 Musical America
25 The National Elementary Principal
25 Psychological Monographs.
50.1
51.1
52.0
52.8
53.6
54.1
54.7
55.3
55.9
56.4
57.0
57.6
58.0
58.3
58.7
59.1
59.5
59.9
60.3
60.7
61.0
61.4
61.8
5/
52 THE SERIALS UBRARIAN
TABLE 5
PERIODICALS CITED IN MUSICOLOGY THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
Rank
The Musical Quarterly.
Journal of the American Musicological
Society.
Music & Letters.
4 The Music Review
5 Zeitschrift fur Musikwissenschaft.
6 Acta musicologica.
7 Die Musikforsc~ung
8 Recherches sur la musique fran 1aise
classique.
9 Archiv fur Musikwissenschaft
10 Monatshefte fur Musik-Geschichte
11 Sammelbande der internationalen
Mus i kgese 11 schaft.
12 Tijdschrift der Vereeniging voor Noord-
Nederlands muziekgeschiedenis.
13 Notes.
14 Musical Courier.
15 Revue de musicologie
16 Musica disciplina.
17 Musik und Kirche
18 Haydn Yearbook
18 Kirchenmusikalisches Jahrbuch.
18 Musica
18 Musical Times.
18 Schweizerische Musikzeitung.
18 Studia musicologica.
citations
25
20
10
9
9
8
8
6
6
5
5
2
2
2
% total periodical citations (cum.)
7.6
13.7
16.8
19.5
22. 3
24.7
27.1
29.6
31. 7
33.8
35.7
37.5
39.0
40.5
42.1
43.3
44.2
44.8�
45".4�
46.0
46.6
47.3
47.9 •
52
Rank
THE SERIALS UBRARIAN
TABLE 5
PERIODICALS CITED IN MUSICOLOGY THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
% totalperiodical
citations citations (cum.)
The Musical Quarterly .
Journal of the American Musicological
Society ..
Music & Letters.
4 The Music Review
5 Zeitschrift fur Musikwissenschaft.
6 Acta musicologica.
7 Die Musikforsc~ung
8 Recherches sur la musique fran 1aise
classique.
9 Archiv fur Musikwissenschaft
10 Monatshefte fur Musik-Geschichte
11 Sammelbande der internationalen
Musikgesel1schaft .
12 Tijdschrift der Vereeniging voor Noord-
Nederlands muziekgeschiedenis.
13 Notes .....
14 Musical Courier.
15 Revue de musicologie
16 Musica discipl ina.
17 Musik und Kirche
18 Haydn Yearbook
18 Ki rchenmus ikal i sches Jahrbuch.
18 Husica
18 Musical Times.
18 Schweizerische Musikzeitung.
18 Studia musicologica .....
25
20
10
9
9
8
8
7
6
6
5
4
2
2
2
7.6
13.7
16.8
19.5
22. 3
24.7
27·1
29.6
31. 7
33.8
35.7
37.5
39.0
40.5
42.1
43.3
44.2
44.8
45".4
46.0
46.6
47.3
47.9