Electron

Configuration,

Periodic Properties,

and Trends Chapter 5

1. ATOMIC

RADIUS

Atomic Radius (Covalent Radius)• Defined as ______ the distance

between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

• Ex. Cl2

Cl Cl

½ distance

half

Atomic Radius Trend

• Largest : ____________

• Smallest : __________

Increases down and to the left

Francium

Helium

Atomic Radius Trend

• REASON: increasing __________ charge (protons) – pulls the electrons _________ to the nucleus.

• Example: Which element has a larger atomic radius – Silicon or Sulfur? __________

• Example: Which element has a larger atomic radius – Sodium or Potassium? _____________Potassium

nuclear

Silicon

closer

2. IONIZATION

ENERGY

IONIZATION ENERGY• Ion : an atom or group of bonded atoms

that have a __________ or __________ charge.

Ex.

positivenegative

Na+

11 protons = 11 +

10 electrons = 10 -

1 +

Cl-

17 protons = 17 +

18 electrons = 18 -

1-

IONIZATION ENERGY

• Ionization Energy : the energy required to remove ____ ________ from a neutral atom.

• Trend:

one electron

Increases up and to the right

Ionization Energy

• Lowest ionization energy : _____________

Group : _____________• Highest ionization energy: _____________

Group : _____________

Ex. What has the higher ionization energy – Aluminum or Phosphorus?

_____________

Ex. What has the lower ionization energy – Calcium or Strontium?

_____________

Francium

Alkali Metals

Helium

Noble Gas

Phosphorus

Strontium

3. Electronegativity

Electronegativity

• Definition: the measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to _______ electrons closer to it.

• _______ _______ don’t form compounds, so they are not included.

attract

Noble Gases

Electronegativity Periodic Trend

• Trend : Increases up and to the right

Electronegativity

• Highest Electronegativity : ________

• Lowest Electronegativity : ________

• Only element with 4.0 : __________

• Only elements in the 3’s :

_________, _________, __________.

Fluorine

Francium

Fluorine

Oxygen Chlorine Nitrogen

4. METALLIC

ACTIVITY

METALLIC ACTIVITY TREND

• Largest : ____________

• Smallest : __________

FranciumHelium

5. IONIC RADII

Ionic Radii• Positive ion : ________ ex. ______• Negative ion : _______ ex. ______

• Neutral atoms _____ an electron to become __________ ions.

Ex.

K (19 electrons) K+ (18 electrons) + 1e-

• Neutral atoms _____ an electron to become __________ ions.

Ex.

Cl (17 electrons) + 1e- Cl- (18 electrons)

cation

anion

Na+

lose

Cl-

positive

gain

negative

Ionic Radii

• Positive ions, ex. ___, are ________ than a neutral atom of that same element. (LOSE an electron)

• Negative ions, ex. ____, are _______ than a neutral atom of the same element. (GAIN an electron)

Na+

largerCl-

smaller

REVIEW

Atomic Radius

Ionization Energy

Electronegativity