periodic table: the uses of transition metal/compounds in industries

8/6/2019 Periodic Table: The Uses of Transition Metal/Compounds in Industries

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SEKOLAH SRI TENBY

THE USES OF

TRANSITION METALS/COMPOUNDS

IN INDUSTRIES

Name : Joe Wong

Class : Form 4S

I/C No :

Topic : Periodic Table


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Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Transition Elements 3

2. Uses of Transition Metals in Industries 5

3. Transition Elements as Catalysts and its

Uses in Industries 9


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Introduction to Transition Elements

Transition elements are elements located between Group 2 and Group 13 in the Periodic

Table.

Periodic Table

Physical Properties

y High densityy Hardy High electrical conductivityy High tensile strengthy Silvery surfacey Ductile and Malleabley High melting pointy High boiling point


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Special Properties

y Form coloured ions/compoundsy Exhibit different oxidation numbers in compoundsy Form complex ionsy Act as a catalyst

Transition elements can form coloured compounds

of different colours


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Uses of Transition Metals in Industries

Titanium (Ti)

y Titanium alloy is corrosion resistant and lightweight.y Used in orthopedics and dental implants.y Used to make aircraft engines.

Dental implant Aircraft engine

Vanadium (V)

y Vanadium steel alloy is used in making gears and crankshafts of vehicles.

Crankshaft


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Nickel (Ni)

y Used in many industrial and consumer products.y Stainless steel, magnets, cionage and special alloys.

Coins

Chromium (Cr)

y Used to make stainless steel.y Used for the electroplating of iron.

Electroplating of iron


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Copper (Cu)

y Used as electrical conductors and piping.

Piping system

Cobalt (Co)

y Alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusualmagnetic strength.

Magnet


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Iron (Fe)

y Alloyed with carbon to make steel.y Used in making cars, ships and building industries.

Manufacture of cars

Manufacture of ships


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Transition Elements as Catalysts and its Uses in Industries

y Many transition elements can act as a catalyst (e.g. Nickel, Platinum)y A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of reaction. A catalyst does not

change chemically after a reaction.

Catalysts are used in almost all chemicalmanufacturing plants.

Iron (Fe)

y Haber Process (Manufacture of ammonia).y Manufactures ammonia from the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen gas at

450oC to 500

oC and a pressure of 200 to 300 atmospheres.

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

Vanadium (V) Oxide

y Contact process in the manufacture of sulphuric acid.y V2O5 catalyses the reaction between sulphur dioxide and oxygen (air) to produce

sulphur trioxide at about 500oC.

V2O5

2 SO2(g) + O2(g) > 2SO3(g)

y Sulphur trioxide (SO3) is used to manufacture sulphuric acid.


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Nickel (Ni)

y Manufacture of margarine.y Nickel catalyses the reaction between saturated vegetable oil and hydrogen gas at

about 200oC in the production of margarine.

CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2

Platinum (Pt)

y Ostwald Process (Developed by Wilhelm Ostwald, patented 1902)y Platinum catalyses the reaction between ammonia and oxygen (air) to produce

nitrogen monoxide and water at about 850oC.

4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) 4NO (g) + 6H2O

y Nitrogen monoxide is then used to make nitric acid.

Ostwald Process


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periodic table: the uses of transition metal/compounds in industries

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