Periodic Table of Elements

A Guide to the Chemical Elements

History of the Periodic Table

• 1896 1st introduced by Dimitri Mendeleev– Arranged the elements by increasing

atomic mass and element properties

• 1913 Henry Moseley changed the table by arranging the elements by increasing atomic number

• Modern table is divided into rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups) in order of increasing atomic number

Areas of the Periodic Table of Elements

A lka li E arth A lka lin e E arth Tran s it ion

M eta ls M eta llo id s

H a log en s N ob e l G ases O th er

N on m eta ls

M a jo r S ec tion s

Metals

• Group IA or 1• All have 1 valence electron• +1 oxidation number• Very reactive, can corrode in air• Soft, malleable, and ductile• Good conductors of electricity• Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium

Li

N

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Alkali Metals

Metals

• Group IIA or 2

• All have 2 valence electrons

• +2 oxidation Number

• Reactive elements

• Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium

Be

Mg

Ca

Sr

Ba

Ra

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition Metals

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn

La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi

Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Transition Metals

• Groups III B – VIII B or 3-13

• Have 3 major areas:– Transition– Actinide Series– Lanthanide Series

• + oxidation numbers

• Hg is only liquid at room temperature

MetalloidsB

Si

Sb Te

Po

Ge As • Have both properties of metals and nonmetals

• Are semiconductors; can conduct electricity on a small scale

• Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium

Nonmetals

• Group VII A or 17• Each contains 7 valence electrons• -1 oxidation number• Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, & Astatine• Called halogens, because they often

produce a salt compound• Halogen comes from Greek “Halos” = salt

and “Gen” = born

F

Cl

Br

I

At

Halogens

Nonmetals

• Group VIII A or 18

• Called Nobel or Inert Gases

• All have 8 valence electrons, except

Helium only has 2

• Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton,

Xenon, and Radon

He

Ne

Ar

Kr

Xe

Rn

Nobel Gases

NonmetalsOther

C N O F

P S Cl

Se Br

I

At

• Groups IV A – VIIA or 14 - 17

• Group 15 has 5 valence electrons, and a –3 oxidation number

• Group 16 has 6 valence electrons, and a –2 oxidation number

•All are gases at room temperature except Br, which is a liquid

Resources:• http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/default.htm

Los Alamos Lab Periodic Table• http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/

Periodic Table with pictures• http://www.shef.ac.uk/~chem

/web-elements/ Information on Periodic Table

• http://www.chemicalelements.com/ Chemical Elements.com

The End