periodic table - chemical families
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Periodic Table - Chemical Families. Families on the Periodic Table. Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Periodic Table - Chemical Families
Families on the Periodic TableFamilies on the Periodic Table•Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties.•Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.•Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
HydrogenHydrogenHydrogen:
Atom: H Ion: [H]+
* Oils + Hydrogen Fats* Metal + Acid Hydrogen
- popping test
Alkali Base
• Very reactive in water
• Forms a basic solution
• One valence electronAtom: Na Ion: [Na]+ Ne
• Soft
• Low melting point
• Made through electrolysis– NaCl(l) + electricity 2Na + Cl2
Group 1 – Alkali MetalsGroup 1 – Alkali Metals
Group 1 - Alkali MetalsGroup 1 - Alkali Metals•Flame Test
•Na yellow•K violet•Li red
Complete Questions #6.1-6.5 on p. 205
Group 2 – Group 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals
• Make basic solutions in water• Higher melting pt. than group 1• Harder than group 1• 2 valence electrons
•Atom: Ca•Ion: [Ca]2+
Group 2 – Group 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals
Flame Test:Ca orange redSr intense redBa yellow-green
Group 2 – Group 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals
Hard Water:• Ca2+ or Mg2+
• reacts with soap to make scum• reacts with Na2CO3 – washing soda to
make precipitateCa2+ + CO3
2- CaCO3(s)
Complete Questions#6.6-6.9 on p. 211
Group 13 - AluminumGroup 13 - Aluminum•Malleable
•Ductile
•Less dense than iron
•Conducts heat and electricity
•Makes an oxide coating for protection
Group 14 - CarbonGroup 14 - CarbonNonmetal C - organic
Semimetal Si, Ge
Metal Sn, Pb
CarbonPhotosynthesis: CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
Combustion: CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2OCO2 = greenhouse gas
*read 2nd paragraph on p. 213
Group 14 - AllotropesGroup 14 - AllotropesAllotropes:
• Same element but different structures
• Carbon graphite, diamonds, fullerene
• Each have different chemical + physical properties
Group 14 - SiliconGroup 14 - SiliconSilicon
• SiC – silicon carbide – very hard – network solid
• 2nd most abundant element on earth
Group 15 - NitrogenGroup 15 - Nitrogen
• Nitrogen Fixation: making usable nitrogen compounds
Group 15 - NitrogenGroup 15 - Nitrogen
• Making Ammonia NH3 Haber Process
Group 15 - NitrogenGroup 15 - Nitrogen
Allotropes
– Phosporous
White Red Violet Black
Group 15 - NitrogenGroup 15 - Nitrogen
Oxygen
– 20% of air
– Allotrope O2 vs O3 (ozone)
Sulfur
– Yellow
– Allotrope: rhombic, monoclinic, amorphous
– S8
– Acid rain
• Burning things with sulfur dioxide
SO2 + H2O H2SO4
Group 16 - OxygenGroup 16 - Oxygen
• Highly reactive
• 7 valence electrons
Atom: Ion:
Group 17 - HalogensGroup 17 - Halogens
• Inert
• Stable octet
• Monatomic (He) vs Diatomic (H2, O2, N2, Cl2, F2, Br2, I2)
• As you go down group, more attraction, higher Boiling Point
Group 18 – Noble GasesGroup 18 – Noble Gases
Complete Questions #6.14-6.17 on p. 231
Review Video