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Warm-ups 2/4

p.121, 1. Groups 1 on the periodic table are known as:

Alkali metals

p. 121, 2. Most alkali metals are stored in _______.

oil

p.122, 3. and example of a alkali-earth metal is ______.

It has _____ valence electrons.

Calcium, 2



Section 3 Families of Elements

Objectives

• Locate alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, and

transition metals in the periodic table.

• Locate semiconductors, halogens, and noble gases

in the periodic table.

• Relate an element’s chemical properties to the

electron arrangement of its atoms.

Chapter 4



Bellringer

Are you familiar with some of the elements on the periodic table? There are probably many more elements that you have never heard of before. You may be surprised to learn that even though you have never heard of a certain element before, by looking at the periodic table, you can guess some of the characteristics of that element. The periodic table organizes elements into groups that have similar characteristics.

1. The elements below are classified as metals. You may be familiar with some of these elements. If you know of a specific use for an element listed below, write it down.

Silver, Ag Gold, Au Tin, Sn Copper, Cu Lead, Pb Mercury, Hg Aluminum, Al Platinum, Pt

2. Can you think of any characteristics that the metals have in common? Do any of the metals have similar uses?

Section 3 Families of Elements Chapter 4



Bellringer

3. The elements below are classified as nonmetals. You

may be familiar with some of these elements. If you

know of a specific use for an element listed below, write

it down.

Helium, He Chlorine, Cl Oxygen, O

Iodine, I Neon, Ne Carbon, C

4. Look at the periodic table and notice where each of

the elements listed in questions 1 and 3 is located.

Where are the metals located? Where are the

nonmetals located?




How Are Elements Classified?

• The elements are classified into three groups. • Most elements are metals, elements that are

shiny and conduct heat and electricity well.

• Nonmetals, all except hydrogen of which are found on the right side of the periodic table, may be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.

• Between these groupings are semiconductors, elements that can conduct electricity under certain conditions.




How Are Elements Classified? continued

• The periodic table below shows the distribution of

metal, nonmetals, and semiconductors in the

periodic table.




Metals

• The alkali metals, found in Group 1 of the periodic table, are very reactive.


• The alkaline-earth metals, which include calcium, are found in Group 2 of the periodic table, and are somewhat less reactive than the alkali metals.

• The transition metals, such as gold, iron, and mercury, occupy Groups 3–12 of the periodic table.



• Carbon is found in three different forms and can form many

compounds.

• Nonmetals and their compounds

are plentiful on Earth.

Nonmetals


• Halogens, such as chlorine, are

located in Group 17 of the

periodic table.

• Noble gases, such as neon, make

up Group 18 of the periodic table.

They are unreactive.



• Semiconductors are intermediate

conductors of heat and electricity.

Nonmetals, continued


• Silicon is the most familiar semiconductor.

• Silicon is an important part of computer chips, as

well as other semiconductor devices such as

transistors, LED display screens, and solar cells.



Step ladder on periodic table



• The stair step that is seen in the group 3-7 of the

representative element separates the metals from the

non-metals.

• The right side of the stairs are the non-metals (Carbon,

Phosphorus, Sulphur, Chlorine, etc.) They possess the

characteristic of non-metals such as poor conductivity of

heat & electricity, etc.

• The left side are the metals ( Aluminium, Tin, Lead, etc.)

They are malleable, have high melting points and are

good conductors of heat and electricity.



• Those around the stair steps are the

metalloids (Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic,

Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium)

have some characteristic of metals and some of non-

metals..

They are semi conductors of heat/electricity and react as

metal or non-metal depending on the element they bond

with.



LANTHANIDES

• Along the bottom of the periodic table of elements, separated

from the main body of the chart, are two rows, the first of

which represents the lanthanides. Composed of lanthanum

and the 14 elements of the lanthanide series, the lanthanides

were once called the "rare earth" metals. In fact, they are not

particularly rare: many of them appear in as much abundance

as more familiar elements such as mercury. They are,

however, difficult to extract, a characteristic that defines them

as much as their silvery color; sometimes high levels of

reactivity; and sensitivity to contamination. Though some

lanthanides have limited uses, members of this group are

found in everything from cigarette lighters to TV screens, and

from colored glass to control rods in nuclear reactors.

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/chemistry-general/periodic-table

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/lanthanide-series



ACTINIDES

The actinides occupy the "bottom line" of the periodic table—a row of

elements normally separated from the others, placed at the foot of the

chart along with the lanthanides. Both of these families exhibit unusual

atomic characteristics, properties that set them apart from the normal

sequence on the periodic table. But there is more that distinguishes the

actinides, a group of 14 elements along with the transition metal actinium.

Only four of them occur in nature, while the other 10 have been

produced in laboratories. These 10 are classified, along with the nine

elements to the right of actinium on Period 7 of the periodic table, as trans-

uranium (beyond uranium) elements. Few of these elements have

important applications in daily life; on the other hand, some of the lower-

number transuranium elements do have specialized uses. Likewise several

of the naturally occurring actinides are used in areas ranging from medical

imaging to powering spacecraft. Then there is uranium, "star" of

the actinide series: for centuries it seemed virtually useless; then, in a

matter of years, it became the most talked-about element on Earth.



https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/transuranium-elements

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/actinide-series

https://www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/geology-and-oceanography/geology-and-oceanography/earth



Cool down

1. What is the following atom (Bohr’s model)

Sodium - Na

2. How many valence electrons are there?

1



Cool down

1. Name one metalloid:

boron, silicon, arsenic

2. Name a noble gas:

Neon, argon, helium

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