FINAL EXAM REVIEW PROBLEMS

Balance the following equations:

3. ~ F2 (g) + ~ AICh (aq) -+ ~ AIF3 (aq) + ~ ci, (g)

NAME:~ ~

PERIOD:

OVER

Write a balanced molecular equation and then a complete ionic equation (or each of the foIiowing:

\. i'- ~.6. Aqueous nickel (II) nitrate combines with aqueous cesium hydroxide to produce aqueous cesium nitrate and solidnickel (II) hydroxide .

• I ( ) ).~ () Cs 01-1 (0.,) -~ ;? Cs NO~Car.) f )ft' (011);;. ())1'-1 i "-.J 0 .3 ;:). C, (),' II

J,-r ,;) Al03-(6-f.) t ,:) C~+("-1) + ~ OH ~~) -7 r:) (}S ~c.{)-+ (;)!.jOJ~IU,) f Ai/{OIl)J, (S)(AD) -r /} V p U V

7. Solid calcium carbonate combines with aqueous sulfuric acid to produce water, carbon dioxide gas and solidcalcium sulfate.

Ca. C03

(s) ~ /~ S0C( (~) --"7 Ii 0 r.e) 1"" CO!J-lj) -/ & SOC( (s)

CrA ~3(S) ': c2J-f+(Ql/ t so,/~~) -7 If~O(l) t CO"-/f) r GSOC((S)

/f\ - - -'",

Write the net ionic equation for each of the following reactions:

8. Zn2+(aq) + 2 CH3COO- (aq) + 2 Cs" (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) ~ Zn(OH)2 (s) + 2 Cs" (aq) + 2 CH3COO- (aq)

-7

9. 2 Na" (aq) + COl- (aq) + 2 W (aq) + 2 CI02 (aq) -> H20 (1)+ C02 (g) + 2 Na" (aq) + 2 Clo2- (aq)

Classify each of the following reactions as synthesis, combustion, decomposition, single replacement, doublereplacement, or neutralization.

10.C.

C3Hg(g) + 5 02 (g) -+ 3 CO2 (g) + 4 H20 (g)

11. S H20 (1) + CaO (s) -+ Ca(OH)2 (aq)

12. Srz 2 KI (s) + Br2 (g) -+ 2 KBr (s) + b (s)

13. Srz. 2 AI (s) + 3 CuCh (aq) -+ 2 AICh (aq) + 3 Cu (s)

14.C.

2 Mg (s) + 02 (g) -+ 2 MgO (s)

15.Sf?..

3 H2S04 (aq) + 2 Al (s) -+ Ah(S04)3 (aq) + 3 lh (g)

16. Dr( AgN03 (aq) + HCl (aq) -+AgCl (s) + HN03 (aq)

17. JJ H3P04 (aq) + 3 NaOH (aq) -+Na3P04 (aq) +:3 H20 (I)

18. 0 CaC03 (s) ~ CaO (s) + C02 (g)

19. De. Pb(N03)2 (aq) +Na2CO) (aq) -+ PbC03 (s) + 2 NaN03 (aq)

20. ,,1 H2S04 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) -+ CaS04 (aq) + 2:H20 (1)

21. D( Na3P04 (aq) + 3 KOH (aq) ~ 3 NaOH (aq) + K)P04 (s)

22. DR.. MgCh (aq) + LhC03 (aq) ~ MgC03 (s)+ 2 Li~l (aq)

23.C.

C6Hl2 (I) + 9 02 (g) ~ 6 C02 (g) + 6 H20 (g)

24. J) 03 (g) ~ o (g) + 02 (g)

25. btL 2 Mgl- (aq) + Mn(S03)2 (aq) ~ 2 MgS03 (s) + MnI4 (aq)

26. Determine the mass of 34 atoms of neon.

\h'\~tJe

~ . 0 cl y.. I 0 ~3al-rrn La

27. Determine the mass of3.82 moles ofC6H603.

J d~ ./Jj ClJHr, 03/1'{Ir!. C,. Ht 03

OVER

I i' , -;II.= l/. !If/x/O' r

:.

(-:~:~-, 7~

e«. at"10 Ai z: ;;;;;:;1 (100)

30. Determine the empirical formula of a compound having the following percent composition:

Mo=43.95% 0=7.33% Cl=48.72%

fY\b ~ <{ 3/15 . '-/Sg ~ \~o(130 ]q s, q I.( :: 0 =- I

0 7.33 <.f S 2 0=- I-- s: 01&.00 ,

,/0

C~ '.37I .~

48.7 J. ~.8.: 3,,:,'

C1 '0 /.3; - ::z: .::'. 4$~3$.4$ 0

31. Caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, tea, and chocolate contains 49.48% C, 5.15% H, 28.87% N, and16.49% O. It has a molar mass of 194.2 g/mol. Determine both t e empirical and molecular formulas of caffeine.

~ : J././). ~:: ~ z: 1../ C z: (tf)I2.0\ z: t(g..Of(/2.01 o I.{)~

5.1~ H S. 11)H: S.IO = "" S- x 0 I.0 ~I. o I

~8". 8"7 N d.oh::-~1\.1: .;), 0 10 s: -i--- .: 0 l.oa1'1. ()I

0:1(, • t.f 9 0 =-1z: /,03 0H"OO

ts) /. ()1 s: $,O--.S

1&.00

q 7, 1/

) Mo L. Fo ~ M.UlA C8 H,o A.1l..( O.}. lL -----.--·---·--~~-----I \

\.~

. 32. A compound containing only sulfur and nitrogen is 69.6% S and its molar mass is 184.0 g/mol. Determine bothits empirical and molecular formulas.~q."......•

;/. 11 = =- I Ai z: (1\ I~. 0\ :

30. tfll{.O/

:= ;),1, =-J

F'Ol!..MULA

)8~.0q to. 01

l MO L. 1=0 RrYI VLA

33. For many years the recovery of gold, the separation of gold from other inaterials, involved the use of potassiumcyanide:

4 Au(s) + 8 KCN (aq) + O2 (g) + 2 H20 (I) ->- 4 KAU(CN)2 (s) + 4 KOH (aq)

\

Determine the mass of KCN required to react with 29.0g of gold.

~q,O 114 )",ttfAu ~nt~/(CJJj K'tI'J ::: II fJ 4I Iq~. q7 j ,qt( 7h-1l"f II

::: ICl,/7S3Qsfi&

= f0jJ34. In the process of making acetic acid, oxygen gas is bubbled into acetaldehyde (CH3CHO):

2 CH3CHO (1)+ 02 (g) ->- 2 HC2H302 (I)

If20.0 g of acetaldehyde and 10.0 g of oxygen are used in this reaction, determine:

a. the mass of acetic acid produced

lie H 0 ;).(),Q tlhc..110j...,J .3J.~

10.0.1 O~

37.5~OVER

b. the limiting reactant c.l-I3 CH 0

c. the reactant in excess 0~

d. the mass of excess reactant that remains after the reaction is complete

s-cco OJ,.

j O~~.j = 10.0 - 7.3: ~35. Nitroglycerin (C3HsN309) is a powerful explosive. Its decomposition can be represented by:

Determine the theoretical yield of 02 produced when 200.0 g of C3HsN309 decomposes.

O cJO(). 0 if C,3 I-fs ,J3 09 11'\1~ C3 I~srJj o, ;11W\,). 0 J \j d = J--=---'----+-01-;)-7-,-' '-j-C-~-~-'S-tJ"-I-0'i' YtIt,J C3Hs N 3 O'j

s: !7.05j iDetermine the percent yield if only 6.55 g of O2 is actually produced.

~ ~.SS I10 8~d:: 7. a s ( 10 0) s: I 9:A, q %

/ .

36. Nitrous oxide (N20) is used as an anesthetic. The pressure on 2.50 L ofN20 changes from 105 kPa to 40.5 kPa.What will the new volume be? Temperature remains constant.

PV ~ P \j ,/ _ (105)(.:>,$0)I \ '2- 'L Y (J.. -

(....t t.f() • .s

10 s) (~,S') ~ (40. S) '1J

37. Exactly 5.00 L of air at -50.0oe is warmed to 100.Ooe. What is the new volume? Assume the pressure remainsconstant. T, .: .;)7 3 - SO s: ~ ~ 3

T". = .;>131-100.:: 373

S,OO';)J3

V'J.=

313,/ (5,00)(373)V 0.. .:.

\ ----_._---)-=( l? 3(0 L }

1__ .J

38. Aerosol cans carry warnings on their labels that say not to incinerate them or store them above a certaintemperature. The gas in a used aerosol can is at a pressure of 103 kPa at 25.0oC. If the can is thrown onto a fire,what will the pressure be when the temperature reaches 92SoC? Assume the volume remains constant.

P, z: Pa, fl ~ (IQ :3 ) (I ~o I) . T, = d. 7 3 -I- c:2S

T, - CltJRI ~

fl.-rao I

TJ. = .J13 + tJ()J' s: /dOI

)03---;;;g39. The volume ofa gas-filled balloon is 30.0L at 313K and 153 kPa pressure. Determine the volume oftheballoon at STP. ( -, (3 -,( .> )p p" 1$3, .0) .;l1 ..•

,V, ~'J'J.. \fJ.. .:c (313)( 101. 3~S)

T;).

(101.32.$) ,V;;..

;273

T,

(IS3)(.3Ut

313=

----1= I 3Q, S L

40. A 5.00 L sample of air has a pressure of 107 kPa at a temperature of -50.0oC. If the temperature is raised to102°C and the volume expands to 7.00 L, what will the new pressure be? "T = cJ. 7 3 _SO ~ d).d.3

PIYI p~\{'L ~.= (101) (S)![31S-)- (;).;;).3)(1)

t: [I~qkfVTI

IJ. = ~73 ~ 10 ~ = 375

PL h.00)

37S

41. When a sample OfNH4N02 is decomposed in a test tube, the Nz gas that is generated is collected over water.Determine the pressure of the N2 at 260C if the total pressure is 745 torr and the vapor pressure of water at 26°C is25 torr. p.

PT ~ PIJ2 -I 1~1..0

7'-/s z: P"'l- -I ~5

PNL •. 0.;10 -for r ]

42. Calcium carbonate decomposes upon heating to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:

CaC03 (s) --+ CaO (s) + C02 (g)

A sample of calcium carbonate is decomposed and the carbon dioxide is collected in a 250.0 mL flask. After thedecomposition is complete, the pressure of the gas in the flask is 1.30 atm at a temperature of 31.0oC. Determinehow many moles of gas were generated.

P\f~nR,

PVn.:: - :

RT(1.30') (. JS()~

( 08.l() C30l/)

= L0, 0 I 3O"'~ IOVER

43. Tennis balls are usually filled with air or nitrogen (N2) to a pressure above atmospheric pressure to increasetheir bounce. Ifa particular tennis ball has a volume of 144 cnr' and contains 0.330 g of nitrogen gas, determine the f~

pressure inside the ball at 24.0oC. \

M.u-e rJd..:: . 330.3 \ I "".J -:: O. 0 1/ gI 1 ;),8.0:J.j

p -= (.o//~)(. Q8~1) (J.Ql):::

• /yLI

44. In order to maintain a sodium chloride (Nact) concentration similar to ocean water, an aquarium must contain3.6 g ofNaCr per 100.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity of the solution.

tv\~ tJ 0.. C1 .: 3.(0 j Nt\. a I "1.~ lJ~ C) s:I 58-.4<{JN4.CJ 3,~/7/1/s&7

3.£oIlI/ISfo7.1000

45. If 18.0 g of methanol, CH30H, is used to make an aqueous solution that is 1.25 M, how many milliliters of

solution is produced? / ? .0 j cu,0 ~~ ~re C./~30 ~~tvt~ CJ130~ z: e'l .:;. sro/~' ~d '1(g (19

1 3~.OS5 t1301-{

L -• S~ Ito dd((& L{ q 1'A.v-?

I. ~ S M.rAIL..: ~ t-I l./ q 11'1 LJ

46. Determine the volume, in liters, of 18.0 M H2S04 needed to prepare 2.50 L of2.25 M H2S04.

1'1,\[\ z f1"J. V(),.

(13.0) \/, - (J.JS)(c2.S0)

(J.~S)(d.S()

I g. 0.31 d S

47. Determine the final concentration of 0.025 L of6.50 Mcalcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 solution diluted to produce1.50L of solution.

_ "11 V L_= f\l V'J._((O,SO)(.OJ.S):: {VI;). (1.50)

(~.SO ) (.0 ;;is')

/. so -= r. 108 [Vi 1L------>\

I

\.~.

48. Determine the pH and pOH of a solution having [W] = 2.50 x 10.4 M.

f 0\1 = IO,el

49. Determine the pH and pOH of a solution having [OH'] = 1.50 x 10.8 M.

pH ~, 18

50. Determine the pH and pOR ofa solution having [R+] = 3.75 X 10.9 M.

F \-t= - 10j (3.1S.Y-/O-Cf

) .: '8, <-( 3

P O\~ 5,S 7 I·1

51. Determine the pH and pOH of a solution having [OH-] = 4.80 x 10-3 M.

p 14 - 11.&3-(,I\

( L{. 8D )( ID- 3 )p 01+ - - IOj :: ;{.3 ~-y

52. Determine the pH, pOH, and [OH-] ofa solution where [H+] = 7.3 X 10-4 M.

F \-1:: - Iij (7, 3 Y- I 0 ~I.( ) : 3, ILj

f oq: 10, 8 ~I .,

- 10. a"10 -II

1.35)</0 Pl

53. Determine the pH, pOH, and [W] of a solution where [OH-] = 2.3 x 10-8 M.

F /-\ = ,~. 3~

- (P.3('

/D-7

'/, j 7 X /0 fYl

OVER