Period 3: Regional and Trans regional Interactions 600 CE-1450Turn in Islam chart, keep women in Islamic societies out on your desk

Post Classical period

Collapse of old empires, rise of city-states in Africa, Mesoamerica, Southeast Asia

Massive wars of conquest Creating the Islamic world Mongol Empire

Trade Routes Africa and the Americas remained separate Merchandise, ideas and culture spread between and

connected the rest of the world

Systems of labor Cities as the center of society (culture,

language, trade, religion)

Islamic Caliphates Abbasids: Established their capital in

Baghdad (Iraq) differed from Umayyad in that they granted equal status to converts to Islam Increased trade from the Western Med. World

to china Math: Refined fields of algebra, geometry,

trigonometry Study of astronomy Created detailed maps of the world

Roman Empire

Byzantine Empire 565

780

1278

1453

Expansion of Empires-China Tang (618-907)

Generally characterized by trade and agriculture Controlled their empire through the use of

diplomatic relations and the Great Wall Continued use of the Civil Service exam Government emphasized Confucianism, but

Buddhism grew in popularity Tang gov’t limited the power of Buddhism by

putting restrictions on land and money grants Decline:

Internal rebellion Invasions by nomadic people

Song Dynasty (960-1279) Emphasized Chinese tradition namely patriarchal

family and Confucian teachings Significant technological advances Forced to pay tribute (bribes) to the Khitan, a

nomadic group located in northern China Heavy emphasis on civil service exams Neo-Confucianism: a blend of Confucian and

Buddhist ideas and values Applied Confucian respect for authority and family to all

aspects of chinese society This way, Buddhism complemented the government instead

of posing a threat

Achievements Tang

Increased contacts with the Islamic world

Improved ocean going ships-Chinese junks were among the worlds best ships

Use of flying money (letters of credit) to facilitate long distance trade

Canals and irrigation systems increased agricultural productivity

Song Continued overseas

trade Landscape paintings Warfare

advancements: Catapults, flame throwers and rocket launchers

Printing with moveable type

Use of the compass Abacus Foot binding started

with wealthy, spread to the lower classes

Manorialism and feudalism Labor and societal structure

Feudalism: political and social order of medieval Europe, a method of maintaining control of a society.

Serfs: people who were not slaves, yet not fully free. Produced the labor in this system. Worked the land in exchange for protection

Manor: main form of agricultural organization. Included land, crops, animals, tools and serfs. The lord acted as the government.

Middle Ages in Europe 11th-15th Centuries Gothic Architecture Increased urbanization-Europe in

general had smaller cities than China Rise of universities Decline in serfs on the manor; many fled

to towns to earn freedom Centralized monarchies and growth of

nation states New warfare (gunpowder, cannons)

made castles obsolete

Mongols Began as nomads on the Asian steppes

(grasslands in Northern China) Migrated with herds of sheep, horses, cattle,

goats and camels Grew small crops, but mostly depended on

animal products Traded with other nomadic groups and along the

silk roads Nomadic women in Asia

Had status and autonomy Raised to complete all chores, military service Could own property and divorce Polygamy was normal within the clans

Mongol Empires 1167-Temujin was born; allied himself with

powerful clans. Used steppe diplomacy to unite the Mongols under a single confederation

Became known as Chingghis Khan First attacked other nomadic groups in Asia but

soon moved on to China and Persia 1220-conquered most of Northern China Persia-ruling shah attacked Mongol

ambassadors; The Mongols retaliated by destroying their irrigation systems and destroying cities

Decline of Mongol Rule

Mid 14th century Mongol role weakened as they were more concerned with acquisition of territory and wealth than ruling effectively

The last years of the Yuan Dynasty were characterized by banditry, famine and peasant rebellion

Russia: failed attempts to conquer Eastern Europe in 1240; Mongols withdrew to their capital in Mongolia

Persia: rule ended in 1260; defeated by slaves of Egypt

Impact Russia

Remained culturally isolated from Europe developments such as the Renaissance

Persia Ottoman Turks replaced Mongols as ruling

power in the 15th century Eurasia

Facilitation of trade between Europe and Asia Mongols fostered peace and stability

promoted the exchange of products and ideas New trading posts encouraged people to

invest in long distance exploration Spread of the plague

Bantu Migrations Began in 2000 BCE-likely due to

overpopulation; moved south and east through sub-Saharan Africa

Migrated from present day Nigeria; escalated between 500 BCE-1000; up until 1500

Spread knowledge of agriculture techniques and iron working, adopted cattle raising

Banana arrived in 400 CE from Malay sailors (Indian Ocean trade)

Results: Spread of Bantu language, language blended with Islam to create Swahili

Bantu Society and Government Stateless societies

Political organization based around the family and kinship group

Leader was a respected family member Religion was animistic

Earliest Bantu groups did not have a written language

Society centered around the age grade- group of members of the same age who shared responsibilities appropriate to age group

Women: highly respected as child-bearers; shared in agricultural duties

Property was held in common; wealth was determined by acquisition of slaves