performance validation of mobile ip wireless networks syed shahzad ali muhammad saqib ilyas advisor:...

Performance Validation of Performance Validation of Mobile IP Wireless NetworksMobile IP Wireless Networks

Syed Shahzad Ali

Muhammad Saqib Ilyas

Advisor: Dr. Ravi Pendse

Agenda

Wireless Networking IntroductionProblems : IP Addresses, Location, Routing Solution: Mobile IP ProtocolNs2 test-bed and resultsRouter’s Lab setup Test-bed and resultFuture Work

Goals

Performance comparison of Mobile IP based networks on the basis of the results gathered from ns2 simulator and by working in the Router’s LAB in the real world.

Validate the Effects of Mobility on the Transport Layer

Have ns2 and router’s lab test-bed ready for future research

What is Wireless Networking?

Wireless networking is the use of Radio Frequency (RF) technology to connect workstations in a Local Area Network (LAN) or LAN's in a Wide Area Network (WAN).

Using this technology allows Ethernet speeds with limited or no wired connections. It transmits and receives information through the air.

What is Mobile IP?

MIP defines how MNs change their Point Of Attachment to the Internet without changing their IP addresses

Each MN is always identified by its home IP address

HA sends datagrams for MN through a tunnel to the COA

No protocol enhancement is required in other hosts or routers

Routing decisions are based upon the network-prefix portion of the IP Destination Address

What if Node Moves

10.10.0.1/16

130.10.1.0/24

Router

Problem Due to Mobility

Internet

Mobile Node

130.1.1.1130.1.x.x

AA BB CC

DD

?

130.1.1.1

Route Next 130.1.x.x BRoute Next 130.1.x.x B

Route Next 130.1.x.x ARoute Next 130.1.x.x A

CN

Internet

130.1.x.x

A B C

D Route Next 130.1.x.x BRoute Next 130.1.x.x B

Route Next 130.1.x.x ARoute Next 130.1.x.x A

CN

Mobile IP Process

Agent Discovery to find AgentHome agent and foreign agents periodically

send Agent Advertisement MessagesThey also respond to solicitation from mobile

nodeMobile Node selects an agent and uses Care-

Of-Address for further communication

IP Address associated with a mobile node that is visiting a foreign network

It generally changes every time MN moves from one foreign network to another

A FA COA can be any one of the FA’s IP Address

A FA COA can be shared by many MNs simultaneously

Care-Of-AddressCare-Of-Address

Mobile IP Process (Contd.)

RegistrationMobile Node registers its COA with home

agent either directly or through foreign agent.Home agent then sends a reply back to mobile

node via FA about successful COA registrationEach mobility binding has a negotiated lifetime

limitTo continue further working in FN, registration

must be done within lifetime

Mobile IP Process (Contd.)

Return to Home NetworkMobile node deregisters with Home AgentSets COA to its permanent IP AddressLifetime = 0 ; /* means deregistration */Deregistration with foreign network is not

required. It expires automaticallySimultaneous registrations with more than one

COA is allowed (for handoff)

Overview of Mobile IP Functionality

1. MN discovers agent2. MN obtains COA (Care Of Address)3. MN registers with HA4. HA tunnels packets from CN to MN5. FA forwards packets from MN to CN

HA FA

1. and 2.1. and 2. 3.3.MN

CN

5.5. 4.4.

Encapsulation/ Tunneling

Home Agent Intercepts mobile node’s datagrams and forwards them to COA

Home Agent tells all hosts to send mobile node’s datagram to it

Home Agent then send it to FA via TunnelDecapsulation: Datagram is extracted by

FA and sent to mobile node

Encapsulation/Tunneling

IP Cloud Home Network

New Network/Foreign Network

Home AgentForeign Agent

Mobile Node

Mobile Node

Correspondent Node

TunnelTunnel

Network Scenario

MN

HA FA1 FA2

TCPSource

Test Bed Setup Flow

Mobile IP Scenario File written in TCL Language

The trace file generated by ns2.

A program written in AWK language grab only TCP information out of the ns2 Trace File. Save the information into another file named tcp_info.tr

Another AWK program examines every line of the tcp_info.tr file and generates latency behavior.

A Program in C++ (delay_avg2.cpp), further normalizes the results

A Program (create.sh) control the whole process of calculating delay out of a raw trace file format of ns2 simulator

Finally a program (final_avg.sh) takes the averages.

Another program automatically email the results to me.

while (!all tcl files run )

Comparison of Attributes

Aironet 340 Bridge NS2

Nominal Range 15Km 250 – 300 meter

Frequency 2.4GHz 2.4Ghz

IP-IP Tunneling IP-IP Tunneling

IEEE 802.11 Distributed coordination function DCF MAC protocol

IEEE 802.11 Distributed coordination function DCF MAC protocol

DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum radio interface)

DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum radio interface)

Data Rates Supported: 1,2,5.5 and 11MBps

Data Rates Supported: 1,2,5.5 and 11MBps

Omni directional antenna having unity gain

Omni directional antenna having unity gain

Media Access Protocol CSMA/CA Media Access Protocol CSMA/CA

Handoff is based on SSID Handoff is based on receiving power

Results NS2Ns2 Simulator

Scenario #1

Bandwidth Link Delay MAX IF Queue Average Delay

(msec) HA-FA1 FA1-FA2

1Mb 2ms 50 69.533 112.20 34.543 5.5MB 2ms 50 6.940 6.855 6.6888 11MB 2ms 50 5.394 5.321 5.094

1Mb 5ms 50 72.9300 102.610 33.754

5.5MB 5ms 50 12.8474 12.7116 12.7396 11MB 5ms 50 11.2791 11.1496 10.968

1Mb 10ms 50 73.301 99.1139 36.7808

5.5MB 10ms 50 22.700 22.481 22.1597 11MB 10ms 50 21.1188 20.8883 20.8369

Scenario #2



1Mb 2ms 100 69.533 112.212 34.543 5.5MB 2ms 100 6.940 6.855 6.6888 11MB 2ms 100 5.391 5.325 5.094

1Mb 5ms 100 72.93 102.608 33.425

5.5MB 5ms 100 12.847 12.7110 12.847 11MB 5ms 100 11.2822 11.149 11.157

1Mb 10ms 100 72.68 97.355 36.78

5.5MB 10ms 100 22.705 22.492 22.187 11MB 10ms 100 21.231 20.884 20.893

Scenario #3



1Mb 2ms 150 69.533 112.21 34.543 5.5MB 2ms 150 6.940 6.855 6.688 11MB 2ms 150 5.394 5.321 5.094

1Mb 5ms 150 72.93 102.613 33.425

5.5MB 5ms 150 12.847 12.7116 12.739 11MB 5ms 150 11.282 11.157 10.994

1Mb 10ms 150 72.686 97.355 36.74

5.5MB 10ms 150 22.705 22.491 22.187 11MB 10ms 150 21.118 20.839 20.855

Work that can be done using NS2

In our work the correspondent node was stationary. A study can be done where CN is also mobile.

UDP Protocol could be tested and the performance could be analyzed.

Real time traffic using RTP may be realized

Now What?

Up We Go!Up We Go!

Equipment

Cisco 2600 series routersCisco 3660 routersCisco Aironet 340 Wireless bridges

Test bed

Server

Client

HA FA1 FA2

R1 R2

HA – 2600FA1 – 2600FA2 – 2600MN – 2600R1 – 3660R2 – 3660Server, Client – PC running Linux

MN

130.10.x.x/24

10.x

15.x

11.x13.x

12.x

14.x

15.x

16.x

17.x

100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 9 subnets

R 100.10.14.0 [120/3] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0




C 100.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0





100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 9 subnets










Mobile Node in Foreign Network 1

Server

Client

HA FA1 FA2

R1 R2

MN

10.x

15.x

11.x13.x

12.x

14.x

15.x

16.x

17.x

10.x

Mobile Node: 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masksM 100.10.15.2/32 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0C 100.10.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 100.10.18.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1M* 0.0.0.0/0 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0Home Agent: 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masksM 100.10.10.88/32 [3/1] via 100.10.14.2, 00:00:45, Tunnel0R 100.10.14.0/24 [120/2] via 100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1R 100.10.15.0/24 [120/3] via 100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1...

Mobile Node: 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masksM 100.10.15.2/32 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0C 100.10.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 100.10.18.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1M* 0.0.0.0/0 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0Home Agent: 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masksM 100.10.10.88/32 [3/1] via 100.10.14.2, 00:00:45, Tunnel0R 100.10.14.0/24 [120/2] via 100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1R 100.10.15.0/24 [120/3] via 100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1...

Mobile Tunnels:

Tunnel1: src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.10.88 encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1 IP MTU 1460 bytes Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never outbound interface Tunnel0 HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable enabled 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops 0 packets output, 0 bytesTunnel0: src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.14.2 encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1 IP MTU 1480 bytes Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never outbound interface Ethernet0/1 HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable enabled 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops 47 packets output, 9020 bytes

Mobile Tunnels:

Tunnel1: src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.10.88 encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1 IP MTU 1460 bytes Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never outbound interface Tunnel0 HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable enabled 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops 0 packets output, 0 bytesTunnel0: src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.14.2 encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1 IP MTU 1480 bytes Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never outbound interface Ethernet0/1 HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable enabled 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops 47 packets output, 9020 bytes

How’d we do that?

Modified netperf code to get network latency

Wrote shell program to configure wireless bridge data rate

Wrote shell program to configure router interface delay and queue length

And the results are….Router’s Lab

Scenario #1



1Mb 2ms 50 37.956 36.741 36.952 5.5MB 2ms 50 10.68 5.7435 6.2031 11MB 2ms 50 6.831 6.578 5.9041

1Mb 5ms 50 34.1515 38.755 19.753

5.5MB 5ms 50 10.072 12.271 4.914 11MB 5ms 50 7.634 14.864 6.324

1Mb 10ms 50 71.789 10.866 41.164

5.5MB 10ms 50 13.403 7.703 17.589 11MB 10ms 50 15.251 22.519 14.167

Scenario #2



1Mb 2ms 100 59.0898 106.776 74.71 5.5MB 2ms 100 9.4650 8.2916 9.1359 11MB 2ms 100 6.8017 6.7313 6.2388

1Mb 5ms 100 36.0631 82.6476 35.7152

5.5MB 5ms 100 12.1781 11.7595 12.7203 11MB 5ms 100 9.8097 10.0029 8.1312

1Mb 10ms 100 73.8415 90.2970 33.6052

5.5MB 10ms 100 19.8059 22.7909 19.1916 11MB 10ms 100 7.8675 6.2675 8.1584

Scenario # 3



1Mb 2ms 150 48.21807 97.4295 40.295194 5.5MB 2ms 150 6.95287 6.645120 7.640332 11MB 2ms 150 6.148295 5.36494 5.58338

1Mb 5ms 150 35.912 36.335 37.792

5.5MB 5ms 150 10.196 13.776 7.154 11MB 5ms 150 11.362 12.656 11.855

1Mb 10ms 50 72.362 71.963 72.133

5.5MB 10ms 50 19.737 18.770 14.672 11MB 10ms 50 14.918 13.320 14.620

It’s not over yet!

Study the implementation of different radio propagation models in NS-2

Completely automating the simulation by writing some more shell programs to integrate the existing shell programs.

Thank you very much for attending the presentation

Questions?

performance validation of mobile ip wireless networks syed shahzad ali muhammad saqib ilyas advisor:...

Documents

mobile node mobile node

x b route

address slide

cn slide

home network mobile

agent home agent

registration mobile

ip addresses