performance of cmaq for inorganic aerosol compounds in greater tokyo
DESCRIPTION
Performance of CMAQ for Inorganic Aerosol Compounds in Greater Tokyo. Hiroshi HAYAMI Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry and Tatsuya SAKURAI Tokyo University of Science. Acknowledgements. National Institute of Environmental Studies Shinji Kobayashi and Shinji Wakamatsu - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Performance of CMAQ forInorganic Aerosol Compounds in
Greater Tokyo
Hiroshi HAYAMICentral Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
and
Tatsuya SAKURAITokyo University of Science
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Acknowledgements National Institute of Environmental Studies
Shinji Kobayashi and Shinji Wakamatsu Japan Clean Air Program of Petroleum Energy Center
Tazuko Morikawa Institute of Behavioral Sciences
Akiyoshi Kan-nari and Tsuyoshi Baba Fujitsu FIP Corp.
Noritaka Furuhashi, Izumi Ikeuchi and Hisashi Tashiro
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Aerosol pollution in G.Tokyo PM mass averages
SPM* by beta gauge ~ 40 µg m-3
>40 % stations violated the standard in the 1990s
PM2.5 by TEOM ~ 25-30 µg m-3 > US std. high in early summer and early winter
Composition of SPM carbon(EC/OC) ~ 30 % inorganic species ~ 30 %
*SPM: PM with 100% cut at 10 µm ~ PM7
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Our studies with CMAQ for G.T.
budget of ammonia long-term (one year)
episodes of inorganic aerosols 2 to 3 days in summer and winter
presented by Sakurai in poster session
presented from now
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D0(East Asia)
@45 km
D1(C. Japan)
@15 km
D2(G. Tokyo)
@5 km
MM5 MM5 MM5
CMAQ CMAQ
Study Domains for SIA in G.T.
two-wayno interaction
initial and boundary conditions
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Model Options & Configurations MM5 V3.6-1
35 layers; ~25 m in the lowest layer FDDA with JMA’s RANAL (20km, 12hrs.) Grell, MRF, simple ice, multi-layer soil
CMAQ 4.2.2 (MCIP 2.1) 16 layers; identical to MM5 in PBL CB4-AE3-AQ solved with MEBI CMAQ dry and RADM-cloud wet dep. ACESS for E.Asia and NIES/JCAP for GT
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Emission inventory (NIES/JCAP)
SOx [ton day-1] NOx [ton day-1] condensed dust [ton day-1]
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CMAQ vs. field campaignsWINTER
Dec. 9 to 10, 1999
SUMMER
Jul.31 to Aug.1,2001
T,RH,WS,WD Tokyo, Kumagaya, Tateyama
NO2, SO2, O3 Fukaya, YokosukaTokyo(Komae)
Kumagaya
NMHC composition Fukaya ―
particulate
NO3-, NH4
+, SO42-
Fukaya, YokosukaTokyo(Komae)
Kumagaya
gaseous HNO3, NH3 ―Tokyo(Komae)
Kumagaya
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Winter: at FukayaAerosol (FP)Gas
NO
2 [p
pb]
SO
2 [p
pb]
O3
[ppb
]
Dec. 9 Dec. 10
obs.CMAQ
Y
F
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 00
20
40
60
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 00
20
40
60N
O3- [
µg
m-3]
NH
4+ [µ
g m
-3]
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 180
5
10
15
20
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 180
5
10
15
20
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 180
5
10
15
20
Dec. 9 Dec. 10
obs.CMAQ
SO
42- [µ
g m
-3]
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Winter: at YokosukaAerosol (FP)Gas
Dec. 9 Dec. 10
Y
F
Dec. 9 Dec. 10
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 180
5
10
15
20
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 180
5
10
15
20
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 180
5
10
15
20
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 00
20
40
60
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 00
20
40
60
obs.CMAQ
obs.CMAQ
NO
3- [µ
g m
-3]
SO
42- [µ
g m
-3]
NH
4+ [µ
g m
-3]
NO
2 [p
pb]
SO
2 [p
pb]
O3
[ppb
]
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Winter contour: PM [µg m-3]
not good “observed” SPM(~PM7) vs. “calculated” PM2.5
SPM = SIA + EC + OC + Cl- +…
observed CMAQ observed CMAQ
18:00 Dec. 9, 1999 18:00 Dec. 10, 1999
PM2.5 in CMAQ
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TKSummer: Gas at Tokyo
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 00
20
40
60
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 00
5
10
15
20
0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 00
20
40
60
80
100
120
NO
2 [p
pb]
SO
2 [p
pb]
O3
[ppb
]
Jul. 31 Aug. 1
obs.CMAQ
better than winter
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0
10
20
30
0
10
20
30
0
10
20
30
0
10
20
30
0
10
20
30
Summer: SIA at Tokyo
NO3- [µg m-3]
part
icul
ate
gase
ous
0 12 0 12 0 0 12 0 12 0
0 12 0 12 0
NH4+[µg m-3] SO4
2-[µg m-3]
obs.CMAQ
TK
Jul. 31 Aug. 1 Jul. 31 Aug. 1
Jul. 31 Aug. 1
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Summer contour: PM
much better than winter summer SPM mainly made of SIA
observed CMAQ observed CMAQ
12:00 Jul. 31, 2001 12:00 Aug. 1, 2001
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Summary
CMAQ is fine secondary > primary products summer > winter
to improve the performance… Cl- and SOA (winter) better boundary concentrations (SO2 & SO4
2-)alter the gas-aerosol partitioning of NO3
- and NH4+
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under testing CMAQ with... HCl/Cl-, important in winter aerosol
emission, deposition and gas-aerosol reaction coarse aerosol nitrate and chloride
gas/coarse aerosol reaction upper boundary
free-tropospheric ozone sulfate formation on aerosol surface
heterogeneous reaction of SO2
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SO2-to-SO42-(p) conversion
homogeneous + nucleation SO2 + OH => H2SO4(g) H2SO4(g) => SO4
2-(p) aqueous chemistry in cloud water
SO2 + cw => SO42-(aq)
SO42-(aq) => SO4
2-(p) heterogeneous chemistry
SO2 + aerosol surface => SO42-(p)