performance based navigation & ground based augmentation ... · pdf fileapproach types...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System
Lendina Smaja DATM/RDS/NAV 10 March 2015
![Page 2: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 2
Agenda
Approach Types and Classification
GBAS
PBN supporting the Approach
RNP to xLS
![Page 3: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Evolution of Approaches
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 3
Lateral Vertical
NPA Non Precision Approaches
APV Approaches with Vertical Guidance
PA Precision Approaches
Sensors
Conventional VOR/DME/NDB Localizer
Conventional ILS/MLS
RNP APCH GPS
CDFA
GBAS Approach GPS
+ GBAS
APV Baro GPS
+ Baro
APV SBAS GPS
+ SBAS
![Page 4: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Approach Types Today
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 4
FAF
VOR/NDB NPA
MDA/MDH MAPt
RNP APCH LNAV
MAPt MDA/MDH
RNP APCH Baro
DA/DH
RNP APCH SBAS
DA/DH
ILS/MLS/GLS
DA/DH
Lateral path defined by Procedure Designer.
Lateral and vertical path defined by Procedure Designer.
Avionics provide lateral guidance aircrew manage the vertical profile
Avionics provide guidance in both planes
![Page 5: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
New Approach classifications
Approach operations are classified according to the lowest designed operating minima (DH):
– Type A: Instrument approach operation 250’ or above – Type B: Instrument approach operation below 250’
Methods of flying the approach operation.
– 2D - lateral guidance only
– 3D - lateral guidance and vertical guidance Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 5
![Page 6: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ICAO Approach Classifications
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 6
ICAO Approach Classification Domain Document Relationship
Approach Operations Annex 6
Classification (based minima)
Type A Type B
(250' or higher) CAT I
(less than 250' & 200' or higher)
CAT II (less than 200'
& 100' or higher)
CAT III (less than 100')
Method 2D 3D
Minima MDA/H DA/H*
Approach Runways Annex 14
M(DA/H) >= VMC Non Instrument RWY
M(DA/H) >= 250' Visibility >= 1000m Non Precision Approach RWY
DA/H >= 200' RVR >= 550m Precision Approach RWY, Category I
DA/H >= 100' RVR >= 300m Precision Approach RWY, Category II
DA/H >= 0' RVR >= 0m Precision Approach RWY, Category III (A, B & C)
System Performance Procedures
Annex 10
PANS-OPS Vol. II
NPA NDB, Lctr, LOC, VOR, Azimuth, GNSS
APV GNSS/Baro/SBAS
PA ILS, MLS, SBAS Cat I, GBAS * NPA procedures require a derived DA/H
![Page 7: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 7
Agenda
Approach Types and Classification
GBAS
PBN supporting the Approach
RNP to xLS
![Page 8: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GLS
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 8
Ground Components:
− Receiver Antennae
− Processing Unit
− Approach database
− VHF Datalink
GBAS Ground Station
Status & Control
GBAS transmits:
− Local corrections for all SVs in view
− Integrity information
− Final Approach Segment (FAS)
Aircraft:
− Must only use monitored SVs
− MMR creates Final Approach Path and provides guidance
![Page 9: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 9
Agenda
Approach Types and Classification
GBAS
PBN supporting the Approach
RNP to xLS
![Page 10: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
RNAV x
RNP x
Components of PBN
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 10
Navigation Specification
NAVAID Infrastructure
Navigation Application
Use of the Navigation Specification and Navigation
Infrastructure together
Applications:
RNAV x RNP x
On-board Performance Monitoring and Alerting
X = Navigation Accuracy in NM 95% of flight time
Ground-based NAVAIDS Space-based NAVAIDS
![Page 11: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PBN supporting the Approach
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 11
NAVIGATION SPECIFICATION
FLIGHT PHASE
En Route Oceanic / Remote
En Route Continental ARR
APPROACH
DEP Initial Intermed Final Misseda RNAV 10 (RNP 10) 10 RNAV 5b 5 5 RNAV 2 2 2 2 RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 RNP 4 4 RNP 2 2 2 RNP 1c 1 1 1 1 1 Advanced RNP 2d 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 RNP APCHe 1 1 0.3 1 RNP AR APCH 1 - 0.1 1 - 0.1 0.3 - 0.1 1 - 0.1 RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 - 0.3 0.3
Additional Functionalities
(Required or Optional)
RF FRT TOAC Baro VNAV
O
O
O
O O
R O O O
O O
Specific requirements for RF & VNAV
O O
PCP and PBN IR
![Page 12: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RNP to xLS
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 12
A-RNP RNP 1 + RF
RNP APCH + RF RNP AR APCH RNP 0.3 + RF
xLS
FAF
AM410
6000 AM411
3500
AM412 2000
≥ 5NM ≥ 7NM
IAF
IF
AM413 1500
VOR/NDB NPA
MDA/MDH MAPt
RNP APCH LNAV
MAPt MDA/MDH
RNP APCH Baro
DA/DH
RNP APCH SBAS
DA/DH
ILS/MLS/GLS
DA/DH
VOR/NDB NPA
RNP APCH LNAV
RNP APCH Baro RNP APCH SBAS
RNP APCH Baro APV
![Page 13: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 13
Agenda
Approach Types and Classification
GBAS
PBN supporting the Approach
RNP to xLS
![Page 14: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ILS, LPV, GLS Characteristics
14 Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System
ILS: Signal limited to a sector, provides a fixed path and therefore
not an area navigation system
Outside the sector ILS can not be used for airborne location or guidance
SBAS:
Regional augmentation
Supports LPV
FAS in aircraft’s NavDB
GLS:
Local augmentation
Currently supports CAT I
FAS transmitted by ground station
SBAS & GBAS signals not limited to a single sector and therefore can be theoretically used for position estimation and flight guidance in a large area In practice, there may be limitations with LPV and GLS deviations normally presented to the flight crew as an ILS look-alike depending on the avionic solution.
![Page 15: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
RNP Transition to LPV
• RNP-LPV procedures developed within SESAR P05.06.03 project (APV):
o ENKB - KRISTIANSUND/Kvernberget - Norway
o LEPA - Palma de Mallorca - Spain
o EGDD - Bristol – UK
o LIMF - Torino - Italy
• These RNP-LPV procedures:
o Are designed with similar geometries compared to RNP-GLS procedure: Advanced-RNP to LPV, in CDO
o Will be validated within 9.9 / 9.10 project (advanced LPV / RNP-xLS) by flight tests on ATR aircraft, with similar avionics problematic
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 15
![Page 16: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RNP Transition to GLS
• The transition from RNP to GLS addressed in SESAR P06.08.05
• The RNP with transition to GLS procedures should allow: • Optimization of operational flight safety:
More reproducible and predictable trajectories. • Reduction of operating costs
Reduction of fuel consumption and flight time. More flexible trajectories. Flight procedure minima reduction and airport accessibility improvement.
• Reduction of the environmental impact.
• The main Key Performance Areas (KPA) detected: Safety, Capacity, Efficiency, Environment and Human Performance as Transversal Area.
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 16
![Page 17: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RNP to GLS Concept – SESAR P6.8.5
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 17
Desired Path
Defined Path IAF
IF
FAP
Option for CDO From Top of Descent using vertical barometric positioning
RNP Transition Initial and Intermediate approach
A-RNP or RNP APCH curved segments coded as RF
GLS Portion Straight In GLS CAT I
Final Approach Segment
Missed Approach A-RNP or RNP APCH missed approach -
option to include RF in accordance with ICAO Doc 9613 (Ed 4)
Last RF turn may bring AC directly to FAP or a distance X before FAP
Last RF turn may be in descent or level
Final Approach Segment with shortest possible length
The scenario selected for the procedure development is
Palermo airport (Italy)
![Page 18: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RNP transition to GLS considerations
Lateral Transition
− Linear to angular guidance – capturing of FAS
Vertical Transition
− Barometric to Geometric transition
Crew procedures
− Arming modes once aligned on Final Approach – impact of last RF leg?
Flyability
− FAS length impact on GLS guidance laws
− Aircraft must be stabilised at 3NM/1000’ – acceptable for system but is it acceptable to flight crew?
− Straight segment prior to FAP required? Could safe transition to GLS segment be achieved turning onto FAP?
− Performance of descending/sloping RF turns need to be assessed
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 18
![Page 19: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Summary
Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System 19
FAF/FAP
CAT I CAT II/III
STAR (RNAV 1 or RNP 1) Final Approach
Final Approach Capture
Above CAT I
RNP APCH Includes: • LNAV • LNAV/VNAV • LP • LPV
RNP AR APCH
RNP
ILS
Precision Approach
CDO
ILS RNP APCH
(LPV 200)
GBAS/GPS
GBAS/GPS
MLS
GBAS/Multiple constellations
![Page 20: Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation ... · PDF fileApproach Types Today . Performance Based Navigation & Ground Based Augmentation System . 4 . FAF . VOR/NDB NPA](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021818/5ab8e2bc7f8b9ac10d8d845a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20