performance analysis of csma/ca and tdma mac protocols in wireless mesh networks
TRANSCRIPT
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B.Tech (IT) Minor Project Presentation,2014
Performance analysis of CSMA/CA and TDMA MAC protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks
SAGAR GUPTA(BT/IT/1154)PRANJAL DAS(BT/IT/1146)
DHRUBA JYOTI SAIKIA(BT/IT/1114)DARIHUNLANG SUCHIANG(BT/IT/1205(L))
Under the supervision of Md. Iftekhar Hussain
Department Of Information TechnologyNorth-Eastern Hill University
SHILLONG-22
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CONTENTS
WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS• WMN vs MANET• WMN Architecture• WMN Characteristics• Application Scenarios
MAC PROTOCOLS FOR WMN• Background• CSMA/CA• TDMA
Performance Evaluation of CSMA/CA and TDMA in WMN• Performance Metric• Experimental Setup• Experimental Results Conclusion And Future works References
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WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS
• WMNs offer multiple redundant communications paths
throughout the network. Whenever a link fails, the network
automatically routes messages through alternate paths.
• Even in adverse conditions devices in WMNs co-operate with
each other in transmitting packets through the network.
• WMNs are believed to be self-configuring and self-healing
networks.
• Dramatic increase in link quality just by shortening the
distance between the nodes
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Types of Nodes in WMN
Wireless Mesh Router
• contains additional routing functions to support mesh networking.
• usually equipped with multiple wireless interfaces built on either the same
or different wireless access technologies.
• improves the flexibility of mesh networking.
Mesh Clients
• can also work as routers since they also have necessary functions for mesh
networking.
• gateway and bridge functions do not exist in these nodes.
• usually have only one wireless interface as in Laptop/desktop PC, pocket
PC etc.
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WMN vs MANET
There are various factors which can differentiate wireless mesh network from Ad-hoc Network. The major differences between these two types of network are the network topology and mobility of node
• Network topology: Ad- hoc network are called as the infrastructure less network with a highly dynamic topology where as WMN have a relatively static network topology
• Mobility of relay nodes: In Ad-hoc network the relay nodes have a higher degree of mobility i.e. relay nodes aren't fixed whereas in WMN's the degree of mobility of relay node is much lower than in Ad-hoc networks.
• Infrastructure requirement: Ad-hoc network is infrastructure less whereas WMN has partial or fully fixed infrastructure.
• Energy constraints: In Ad-hoc network energy constraints is high whereas it is low in the WMNs.
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WMN Architecture
• Based on the functionality of the nodes the architecture of WMNs can be classified into:
• Infrastructure mesh Architecture
• Client mesh Architecture
• Hybrid mesh architecture
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Infrastructure Mesh
In infrastructure mesh architecture, the mesh routers
collectively provide a wireless backbone infrastructure.
Client node is passive in mesh infrastructure.
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Client Mesh [1]
Client meshing provides peer-to-peer networks among
client devices. Here no such mesh router is required. Client will
act like a mesh router by relaying the packets.
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Hybrid Mesh• Mesh router provide the backbone of such network.
• With the help of network functionalities such as routing and
forwarding of data packets, clients can actively participate in
the creation of the mesh.
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WMN Characteristics
• Dynamic self-configuration and self-organization
• Adaptation
• Fault tolerance and robustness
• Low-Cost
• Integration and interoperability
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Application Scenarios
• Broadband Home Networking
• Community and neighborhood networking
• Enterprise Networking
• Building automation
• Security Surveillance systems
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Mac Protocols for WMN• Objectives
o Maximize channel utilization.
o Minimize channel access delay.
• CSMA/CA : [4],[6],[8]
o It is a Random Access Protocol.
o It continuously senses the channel.
o Collision avoidance technique –
- Request to send/clear to send(RTS/CTS)
- Transmission
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Working of CSMA/CACSMA/CA was invented for Wireless Networks . In Wireless
Networks collisions are need to be avoided because they cannot
be detected. Collisions are avoided by three strategies:
• The Interframe space
• The Contention Window
• Acknowledgements
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Working of CSMA/CA (contd.)
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MAC protocols in WMN(cntd.)TDMA: [3],[4],[7],[10]
• It is a channelization protocol.
• Each channel is allocated with a unique time slot.
• Three kinds of time slots-o Control slots
o Contention slots
o Data slots
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TDMA frame structure
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Working of TDMA• In TDMA, a single channel can support multiple transmission,
if each transmission is divided into relatively short fragments
then are assigned a time slot to be transmitted .
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Performance evaluation of
CSMA/CA and TDMA
Performance metric
• Throughput
• Delay
• Packet loss
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Assumed topology
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Experimental Setup• Performance of the assumed network topology has been
evaluated in terms of simulation in NS-2[5].
• The experiments were conducted to analyze the performance
of the CSMA/CA and TDMA MAC protocol.
• Table 1 specifies the various parameters considered along with
their values during the simulation.
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Table 1: Simulation
Parameters
Parameter Name Values
• Traffic Types
• Packet Size
• Routing Protocol
• Radio Propagation Model
• Bandwidth
• Antenna Type
• Distance per hop
• No. of Nodes
• Simulation Time
• CBR and FTP
• 1000 bytes
• AODV
• Two Ray Ground Reflection
Model
• 11 Mbps
• Omni Antenna
• 20 Km
• 11
• 50 Secs
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Experimental Results• With different number of Hops in TDMA MAC protocol
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Experimental Results (cntd)• With different number of Hops in CSMA/CA.
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Throughput in CBR Traffic
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Throughput in FTP Traffic
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Delay in CBR traffic
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Delay in FTP Traffic
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Packet loss in CBR traffic
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Packet loss in FTP Traffic
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With varying link distance in
CBR
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With varying link distance in
CBR
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With varying link distance in
CBR
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Conclusion and Future works• In this Project we have studied and analysed the performance
of CSMA/CA and TDMA MAC protocols in Wireless Mesh Network.
• CSMA/CA is having different problems like hidden node, exposed node, information asymmetry.
• TDMA provide good solutions to traffic correlation, heavy collision.
• Comparingly in our performance analysis, we found that the performance of TDMA is far better than that of CSMA/CA.
• Since CSMA/CA performance is not good using omni-directional antenna. So, in future we can work on these two protocols using directional antenna.
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REFERENCES[1] Akyildiz, Ian F., Xudong Wang, and Weilin Wang. "Wireless mesh networks: a survey." Computer networks
47.4 (2005): 445-487.
[2] Ian F. Akyildiz and Xudong Wang ,”Wireless Mesh Networks”:John Wiley and Sons ,Ltd Publication
[3] Mihail L. Sichitiu,”Wireless Mesh Networks: Opportunities and Challenges”
[4] IEEE Standard for Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,
Nov. 1997,P802.11.
[5] “Network Simulator- ns2.” http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns.
[6] Manshaei, H., et al. "Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC and physical layer protocol." World of
Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2005. WoWMoM 2005. Sixth IEEE International Symposium on a.
IEEE, 2005.
[7] Akyildiz, Ian F., et al. "Medium access control protocols for multimedia traffic in wireless
networks." Network, IEEE 13.4 (1999): 39-47.
[8] Bianchi, Giuseppe, Luigi Fratta, and Matteo Oliveri. "Performance evaluation and enhancement of the
CSMA/CA MAC protocol for 802.11 wireless LANs."Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,
1996. PIMRC'96., Seventh IEEE International Symposium on. Vol. 2. IEEE, 1996.
[9] Perkins, Charles E. Ad hoc networking. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2008.
[10] Sen, Sayandeep, and Bhaskaran Raman. "Long distance wireless mesh network planning: problem
formulation and solution." Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web. ACM, 2007.
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THANK YOU!!!!!