Perceptions of Father Involvement on Perceptions of Father Involvement on Adult Psychological Well-BeingAdult Psychological Well-Being Conducted by Olivia Lane and Shakeria Burney; Supervised by Hema Mason, Ph. D. Albany State University

Abstract Abstract• The goal of the study is to determine the

effect father involvement has on adult psychological well-being.

• Studies show strong and significant relations between father involvement and social, emotional, physical and psychological we-being in samples of children and adolescents.

• The current study explores these relationships among a sample of adults over the age of 18.

Introduction Introduction• Fathers play a fundamental role in their

young and adolescent children’s development and provide great opportunities for them as well (Roggman, Boyce, Cook, Christiansen, & Jones, 2004).

• Furthermore, findings from Lamb’s (2000) review and Marks and Palkovitz’s (2004) analysis on fathering types, all suggest that there are a myriad of paternal behaviors and characteristics such as warmth, caring, providing emotional, physical and financial support that aid in the healthy and positive outcomes of children.

• The impact of father warmth and involvement on their adult children, however, is an aspect of father involvement that needs to be developed more in fathering research.

• Further the dearth of research in this area examining the impact of father involvement on adult psychological well-being speaks to the existing gaps in this area and underscores the need for further research.

Results Results Results Results

Methods & Materials Methods & Materials

Hypothesis Hypothesis• It is predicted that the data will support

previous research that shows a relation between fathers’ involvement and psychological well-being.

• Further, it is predicted that the relations between these variables will support the notion that the father’s impact on the child’s developmental outcomes are indeed stable over time

References References•Lamb, M. E. (1976b). Interactions between 8-month-old children and their fathers and•mothers. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (pp. 1-63). Madison, WI: John Wiley.•Lamb, M. E. (2000). The history of research on father involvement: an overview. Marriage & Family Review, 29(2/3), 23-42.•Marks, L., & Palkovitz, R. (2004). American fatherhood types: the good, the bad, and the uninterested. Fathering, 2(2), 113-129.•Roggman, L. A., Boyce, L. K., Cook, G. A., Christiansen, K., & Jones, D. (2004). Playing•with daddy: social toy play, early head start, and developmental outcomes. Fathering, 2(1), 83-108.

Discussion Discussion

Conclusion Conclusion

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements• Center for Undergraduate Research• Title III Funding

Logo

Participants•N = 50•Males 13 (26 %)•Females 37 (74 %)

Measures•Father Involvement Scale (Hawkins & Palkovitz, 1999)•The Nurturing Father Scale (Finley, 1998)•Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling, and Brown, 1979)•Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1989)

Table 4Means and Standard Deviations of Positive Relations, Autonomy, Mastery, Growth, Purpose in Life, Acceptance, Well-Being Total, Father Involvement, Desired Involvement

N Mean Standard DeviationScalesPositive Relations 50 59.88 10.28897Autonomy 50 58.5829 8.98367Mastery 50 56.6849 7.99533Growth 50 62.2943 8.11894Purpose in Life 50 56.6348 10.19011Acceptance 50 57.3334 10.85204

• The preliminary results conclude that there is a significant inverse relationship between desired father involvement and psychological well-being.

• Additionally, the predictor variables reveal that father-child bonding is stronger with adults who had nurturing fathers.

• Adult children with strong bonds to mothers, also have unique strong bonds to fathers.

• Thus far, the current study supports hypothesis number one which predicts a significant relationship between father involvement and psychological well-being.

• The results are indicative of an analysis of 50 participants out of 300 participants.

• The current results are preliminary.• Therefore, it is expected that there will be

an even stronger relation between fathers and adult children across all variables.

Table 3Correlation among predictor variablesVariables 1 2 3 4 5

1 FatherInvovlement 02 DesiredInvovlement -0.592** 03 Father Nurturing 0.924**-0.592** 04 Motherbonding 0.109 0.156 0.138 05 Fatherbonding 0.644**-0.487**0.709**0.277** 0

Note. *p<.05, **p<.01

Table 2Correlations among Predictor Variables and Outcome VariablesVariables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 Age 02 Gender -0.79 03 Education and Income 0.028 0.022 04 Education Level 0.335* -0.225 -0.092 05 FatherInvolvement -0.114 0.052 -0.227 0.174 06 DesiredInvolvement -0.144 -0.163 -0.018 -0.22 -0.592** 07 FatherNurture 0.023 -0.008 -0.229 0.203 0.924** -0.592** 08 FatherBonding -0.158 0.114 -0.172 0.063 0.644** -0.487**0.709** 09 MotherBonding -0.0450.380** -0.026 0.05 0.109 -0.156 0.138 0.277 0

10 PositiveRelations -0.023 0.155 -0.078 -0.016 -0.039 -0.185 -0.035 -0.162 0.427 011 Automony 0.047 0.279* 0.06 -0.111 -0.008 -0.235 -0.026 -0.158 0.208* 0.564 012 Mastery 0.039 0.110 -0.042 -0.031 0.094 -0.23 0.07 -0.14 -0.011 0.308 0.653 013 Growth 0.072 0.166 -0.018 -0.117 -0.004 -0.161 -0.012 -0.291 0.081 0.469 0.654 0.588 014 PurposeinLife 0.115 0.266 -0.059 -0.09 0.033 -0.16 0.027 -0.17 0.237 0.464 0.733 0.673 0.766 015 Acceptance 0.126 0.224 0.008 -0.084 0.136 -0.326* 0.121 -0.102 0.234 0.517 0.78 0.752 0.679* 0.773 016 WellBeingTotal 0.077 0.245 -0.027 -0.09 0.044 -0.263 0.031 -0.201 0.252 0.682 0.881 0.786 0.826 0.887 0.909 017 DepressiveSymptoms 0.094 -0.230 -0.106 0.148 -0.192 0.269 -0.1 -0.166 -0.165 -0.111 -0.147 -0.15 -0.093 -0.088 -0.053 -0.126 0

Note. *p<.05, **p<.01

Table 1Correlations Among Demographics and Outcome VariablesVariables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Age 02 Gender -0.079 03 Education and Income 0.028 0.022 04 Education Level 0.335* -0.225 -0.092 05 Positive Relations -0.023 0.155 -0.078 -0.016 06 Autonomy 0.047 0.279* 0.06 -0.111 0.564** 07 Mastery 0.039 0.11 -0.042 -0.031 0.308* 0.653 08 Growth 0.072 0.166 -0.018 -0.117 0.469** 0.654 0.588 09 Purpose in Life 0.115 0.266 -0.059 -0.09 0.464** 0.733 0.673 0.766 0

10 Acceptance 0.126 0.224 0.008 -0.084 0.517** 0.78 0.752 0.679 0.773 011 Well-Being Total 0.077 0.245 -0.027 -0.09 0.682** 0.881 0.786 0.826 0.887 0.909** 012 Depressive Symptoms 0.094 -0.23 -0.106 0.148 -0.111 -0.147 -0.15 -0.093 -0.088 -0.053 -0.126 0

Note. *p<.05, **p<.01