perception zselective attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus z
TRANSCRIPT
Perception
Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHd_L7dg3U4 http://www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsychology/07/e07expand.html http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xq1rfl_national-geographic-test-your-brain-
episode-2-perception_shortfilms
Selective Attention
Selective Attention means that at any moment, awareness focuses on only a limited aspect of all that we are capable of experiencing. For example, even if a stimulus figure can evoke more than one perception, we consciously experience only one at a time.
Another example of selective attention: the cocktail party effect
also limits our perception, as many stimuli will pass by unnoticed.
Inattentional Blindness
What is Inattentional Blindness?Selective attention also limits our
perception, as many stimuli will pass by unnoticed. This lack of awareness is evident in studies of inattentional blindness.
Forms of this include: change blindness
http://www.gocognitive.net/sites/default/files/change_blindness.v.0.93_0.swf
change deafness choice blindness
What is Choice Blindness
Petter Johansson and Lars Hall, the researchers who originally coined the term, people " ...often fail to notice glaring mismatches between their intentions and outcomes, while nevertheless being prepared to offer introspectively derived reasons for why they chose the way they did." http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/brain-games/videos/choice-blindness/
Obj. Describe the interplay between
attention and perception. Answer the following question (in your
own words) on the back of the paper that was placed on your desk: How does attention impact our perception? Use the following terms in your answer:
Choice-blindnessInattentional blindnessCocktail party effectSelective attentionTop-Down
Object RecognitionBlindness -
http://www.ted.com/talks/pawan_sinha_on_how_brains_learn_to_see
Data-Driven Processing (look at the handout 6-4)
b. Abe Lincoln (matched with objects in our long term memory and b.) the 1st picture on the page (a cow) data-driven and conceptually driven processing
Visual agnosia – syndrome in which all parts of the visual field are seen, but are without meaning – Read The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, by Oliver Sacks
Visual object agnosia – no damage to the eye but unable to recognize familiar objects.
4. Simultagnosia – cannot pay attention to more than one stimulus at a time. Not being able to see objects simultaneously.
5. Spatial agnosia – trouble negotiating their way through the world (wrong turns, lost in own home)
Perceptual Organization- Gestalt
Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate
the other sensesGrouping
the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
Perceptual Organization- Gestalt
Gestalt- an organized whole tendency to integrate pieces of information into
meaningful wholesGrouping Principles
proximity- group nearby figures together similarity- group figures that are similar continuity- perceive continuous patterns closure- fill in gaps connectedness- spots, lines and areas are seen
as unit when connected
Perceptual Organization
Figure and Ground organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Depth Perception ability to see objects in three dimensions allows us to judge distance
Binocular cues retinal disparity
images from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity
convergenceneuromuscular cuetwo eyes move inward for near objects
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Monocular Cues relative size
smaller image is more distant interposition
closer object blocks distant object relative clarity
hazy object seen as more distant texture coarse --> close
fine --> distant
Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception
Monocular Cues (cont.) relative height
higher objects seen as more distant relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster linear perspective
parallel lines converge with distance relative brightness
closer objects appear brighter