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PERANCANGAN BUTTERFLY VALVE TURBIN POROS

HORIZONTAL BENDUNGAN SARADAN MADIUN

TUGAS AKHIR

BIDANG MIKROHYDRO

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Akademik Dalam Menyelesaikan

Program Sarjana Teknik (S1)

Oleh :

TEDDY GANRIADI

201010120311012

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2015

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POSTER

Berdasarkan data Blueprint Pengelolaan Energi Nasional 2005-

2025 yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementrian ESDM pada tahun 2006.

Menyebutkan bahwa cadangan minyak bumi di Indonesia pada tahun

2005 diperkirakan akan habis dalam kurun waktu 23 tahun dengan ratio

cadangan / produksi pada tahun tersebut, sedangkan gas diperkirakan

akan habis dalam kurun waktu 62 tahun dan batu bara 146 tahun.

Pada perancangan turbin oleh syafrial Hidayat tidak menghitung

dan merancang turbin secara lengkap yaitu tidak ada perhitungan dan

perancangan mengenai butterfly valve yang fungsinya sangat besar

dalam menjaga kesetabilan aliran air. Untuk itu pada hal ini akan

dilakukan perancangan pada komponen tersebut dengan dasar

perhitungan yang sudah dijelaskan pada tugas akhir yang merancang

runner dari turbin tersebut

Desain Valve sesuai dengan

kebutuhan disesuaikan pada data tugas

akhir yang menghitung runner. Dimana

Dimensi terluar dari runner adalah 577

mm. Pada perancangan ini dilakukan

pendekatan dimensi butterfly valve

pada DN600. Hal tersebut bertujuan

karena kebutuhan akan supporting part

banyak tersedia dipasaran untuk DN600

atau 24

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ABSTRAK

Berdasarkan data Blueprint Pengelolaan Energi Nasional 2005-2025 yang

dikeluarkan oleh Kementrian ESDM pada tahun 2006. Menyebutkan bahwa cadangan

minyak bumi di Indonesia pada tahun 2005 diperkirakan akan habis dalam kurun waktu 23

tahun dengan ratio cadangan / produksi pada tahun tersebut, sedangkan gas diperkirakan

akan habis dalam kurun waktu 62 tahun dan batu bara 146 tahun. (Kementrian ESDM,

2006)

Pada perancangan turbin oleh syafrial Hidayat tidak menghitung dan merancang

turbin secara lengkap yaitu tidak ada perhitungan dan perancangan mengenai butterfly valve

yang fungsinya sangat besar dalam menjaga kesetabilan aliran air. Untuk itu pada hal ini

akan dilakukan perancangan pada komponen tersebut dengan dasar perhitungan yang sudah

dijelaskan pada tugas akhir yang merancang runner dari turbin tersebut..

Desain Valve sesuai dengan kebutuhan disesuaikan pada data tugas akhir yang

menghitung runner. Dimana Dimensi terluar dari runner adalah 577 mm. Pada perancangan

ini dilakukan pendekatan dimensi butterfly valve pada DN600. Hal tersebut bertujuan karena

kebutuhan akan supporting part banyak tersedia dipasaran untuk DN600 atau 24”.

Katakunci : Turbin Air, Butterfly Valve.

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ABSTRACT

Based on the National Energy Management Blueprint 2005-2025 released by Ministry

of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) in 2006, it is stated that petroleum reserves in

Indonesia in 2005 is predicted would be run out of the amount in 23 years by ratio reserve /

production at that moment, while gas reserves is predicted would be run out as well in 62

years and coal reserves in 146 years. (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2006).

Syafrial Hidayat’s turbine design is not calculating the design completely because the

calculation and design of butterfly valve, which takes a significant role in stabilizing the

water stream, is missing. In order to fill the incomplete part, this research is aimed to

contrive the component based on the calculation that has been done in final assignment of

turbine runner planning.

Valve design is adapted from the final assignment of runner calculating where the outer

dimension of the runner is 577 mm. In this research, butterfly valve dimension on DN600 is

employed. It is because the necessity of supporting part available is limited for DN600 or 24.

Key terms: Water turbine, butterfly valve

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DAFTAR ISI

COVER ............................................................................................................................. i

POSTER .......................................................................................................................... ii

LEMBARAN PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI .................................................................... iii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI TUGAS AKHIR ................................................................... iv

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .......................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................................... vii

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................... xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 LatarBelakang ............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 RumusanMasalah ........................................................................................................ 2

1.3 TujuanPerancangan ..................................................................................................... 2

1.4 BatasanMasalah .......................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Data – Data Potensi ..................................................................................................... 3

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI

2.1 PengertianPembangkitListrikTenagaMikrohidro ....................................................... 4

2.2 PrinsipKerjaPembangkitListrikTenagaMikrohidro .................................................... 5

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2.3 DesainSistemPembangkitListrikTenagaMikrohidro................................................... 8

2.3.1 LokasiBangunanPenyadap Intake .................................................................... 8

2.3.2 SaluranPembawa ( Head race channel ) ......................................................... 10

2.3.3 BakPengendap ( Settling Basin ) .................................................................... 11

2.3.4 SaluranPelimpah ( Spillway ) ......................................................................... 11

2.3.5 RumahPembangkit ( Power house ) ............................................................... 12

2.3.6 Tail race .......................................................................................................... 13

2.4 Turbin Air ................................................................................................................. 13

2.4.1 PengertianTurbin Air ...................................................................................... 13

2.4.2 FungsiTurbin .................................................................................................. 16

2.4.3 Bagian – Bagian Dari Turbin ......................................................................... 17

2.5 JenisTurbin Air ......................................................................................................... 19

2.6 Butterfly Valve ( Katub Butterfly ) ........................................................................... 24

BAB III METODOLOGI PERANCANGAN

3.1 TinjauanUmum ......................................................................................................... 27

3.2 MetodePengumpulan Data ........................................................................................ 27

3.3 AnalisisMorfologiPada Butterfly Valve ................................................................... 28

3.4 Morfologi Butterfly Valve ........................................................................................ 30

3.5 Langkah – LangkahPerancangan Butterfly Valve .................................................... 32

3.6 BagianPerancangan Butterfly Valve ( flow chat ) .................................................... 33

BAB IV PERHITUNGAN DAN PERANCANGAN

4.1 AnalisaPerancangan .................................................................................................. 34

4.2 Pressure ..................................................................................................................... 34

4.2.1 Internal Pressure............................................................................................... 34

4.2.2 External Pressure ............................................................................................ 35

4.3PerhitunganKekuatan ................................................................................................. 36

4.3.1 Valve Body ...................................................................................................... 36

4.3.2 Perhitungan Flange .......................................................................................... 40

4.3.3 Gasket .............................................................................................................. 41

4.3.4 Bolt ................................................................................................................... 43

4.3.5 Katub ................................................................................................................ 45

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4.3.6 PorosKatub ....................................................................................................... 47

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................... 49

5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................................... 50

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar2.1 :SkemaPrinsipKerja PLTMH ......................................................................... 6

Gambar2.2 :MekanismeEnergiPotensial Di rubahMenjadiEnergiMekanis ...................... 7

Gambar2.3 : Intake............................................................................................................ 9

Gambar2.4 :SaluranPembawa ......................................................................................... 10

Gambar2.5 :BakPengendap ............................................................................................. 11

Gambar2.6 :SaluranPelimpah ......................................................................................... 12

Gambar2.7 :RumahPembangkit ...................................................................................... 13

Gambar2.8 : Tail Race .................................................................................................... 13

Gambar2.9 :TurbinImpuls............................................................................................... 15

Gambar2.10 :SuduPengarah ........................................................................................... 17

Gambar2.11 : Penstock ................................................................................................... 18

Gambar2.12 :Turbin Kaplan ........................................................................................... 20

Gambar2.13 :PrinsipKerja Kaplan .................................................................................. 23

Gambar2.14 :RodaJalanTurbin Kaplan .......................................................................... 24

Gambar2.15 :Skema Butterfly Valve .............................................................................. 25

Gambar4.1 : Body Valve ................................................................................................ 37

Gambar4.2 : Flange Arangement .................................................................................... 41

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Gambar4.3 :Arah Pressure 1 ........................................................................................... 46

Gambar4.4 :Arah Pressure 2 ........................................................................................... 46

Gambar4.5 :HasilSimulasi .............................................................................................. 46

Gambar4.6 :Permukaan Valve ........................................................................................ 48

Gambar4.7 :SimulasiPoros ............................................................................................. 48

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel2.1 :PengelompokanTurbin Air ............................................................................. 14

Tabel2.2 :Pengelompokanturbinberdasarkanputaranspesifikdan head ........................... 16

Tabel3.1 :TuntutanPerancangan Butterfly Valve ........................................................... 29

Tabel3.2 :Matrix Morfologi Butterfly Valve .................................................................. 30

Table3.3 :Matrix Morfologi ........................................................................................... 31

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

prokum.esdm.go.id/.../Permen-Deperin-4-2009

http://energitakterbatas.blogspot.com/2013/03/pembangkit-listrik-tenaga-mikro-hidro.html

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_potensial

Alfiah, Taty, MT. 2009. Partikulat Matter. Diakses tanggal 28 Januari 2011.

http://tatyalfiah.files.wordpress.com /2009/10/pu-bab-2-b.pdf.

http://www.hydropowerinternational.com/images/640/0/6-im-channel-and-forbay.jpg

http://ridomanik.blogspot.com/2013/06/perancangan-mikro-hidro.html

wibowo, paryatno. 2007 Turbin Air

http://cink-hydro-energy.com/id/pembangkit-listrik-tenaga-air

http://www.iwr.de/wasser/bilder/technik/kaplan1.jpg

http://www.hydrohrom.cz/Obr/photo/029.jpg