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PERAN SAMJHAUTA DALAM MEMPERJUANGKAN HAK
PENDIDIKAN PEREMPUAN DI NEPAL
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
Disusun oleh :
Fitri Sholihin
201410360311134
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
ii
iii
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viii
KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillah segala puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang atas
kuasanya saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi saya yang pertama. Skripsi ini merupakan
sebuah tugas akhir yang harus ditempuh sebagai syarat mendapatkan gelar sarjana
Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Sebuah pertanggung jawaban selama empat tahun
berkuliah di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Saya menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa
saya hanyalah makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat menjalani hidup sendiri. Sebagai rasa
syukur atas terselesaikannya skripsi ini maka penulis ingin mengucapkan rasa terima
kasih sebesar-besarnya kepada:
1. Kepada keluarga, Ibu tercinta (Norma D. Akantu, S.Pd) yang penuh
perjuangan sudah merawat mendidik dan membiayai kuliah tanpa pernah
mengeluh hingga saat ini. Kemudian, kepada kakak (Tommy Sholihin) yang
telah mendukung penuh selama proses pengerjaan skripsi ini dan membuat
saya semakin terpacu untuk menyelesaikan karya ilmiah ini.
2. Dosen Pembimbing Bapak Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int dan Bapak
Hafid Adim Pradana, MA yang dengan sabar mengarahkan serta membimbing
saya untuk dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Tidak lupa juga saya ucapkan
terima kasih banyak kepada Bapak Dion Maulana Prasetya, M.Hub Int dan
Ibu Diana Fatmawati, M.Hub.Int selaku penguji saya. Terima kasih banyak
atas kritik dan sarannya.
3. Seluruh dosen Hubungan Internasional yang telah memberikan inspirasi dan
nasehat-nasehat yang berguna, mulai dari terdaftar sebagai mahasiswa di
kampus ini hingga dinyatakan lulus.
4. Terima kasih kepada sahabat-sahabat Dwi Pasca Cahyawati, Dwi Raissa
Febriyana, Firna Muflihani, Maulidya Eka Fratiwi, dan Nur Rahmah yang
ix
saling memberikan masukan dan motivasi bermanfaat dalam penulisan karya
skripsi ini.
5. Terima kasih kepada sahabat dan kakak-kakak Malang rasa Palu, Andi Irul
dan Firna Muflihani yang dari awal datang ke Malang selalu setia bersama
baik senang maupun sedih. Kemudian, kepada kakak Syilla Damry, Latifah
Damry, dan Dini Cahyani yang dengan baik dan sabar selalu membantu saya
dalam menyelesaikan segala tugas kuliah mulai dari awal semester hingga
akhir.
6. Terima kasih kepada teman yang sudah bersama dari awal semester hingga
sekarang Yuenitha Rachmi dan Latifah Firdaus yang selalu memberikan saran
demi kelancaran serta suskesnya karya ilmiah ini.
Semoga Allah SWT membalas semua kebaikan seluruh pihak yang sudah
mendukung dan memberikan bantuan dan tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu
sehingga penelitian ini dapat terselesaikan dengan sempurna aamiin. Penulis berharap
penelitian ini dapat memberikan manafaat khususnya mahasiswa Hubungan
Internasional dan semua kalangan yang tertarik dengan studi Hubungan Internasional.
Wassalamualaikum WR.WB
Malang, 2 Juli 2018
Penulis
x
DAFTAR ISI
Lembar Cover/Sampul ......................................................................................... i
Lembar Persetujuan Pembimbing ..................................................................... ii
Lembar Pengesahan ............................................................................................iii
Pernyataan Orisinalitas ...................................................................................... iv
Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi......................................................................... v
Abstrak ................................................................................................................. vi
Abstract ............................................................................................................... vii
Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................viii
Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................... x
Daftar Tabel .......................................................................................................xiii
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. xiv
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 7
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................... 8
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................ 8
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 8
1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ............................................................................... 9
1.5 Kerangka Konsep .................................................................................. 23
1.5.1 Konsep Civil Society .................................................................... 24
1.5.2 Konsep Women Empowerment .................................................... 28
1.6 Metode Penelitian.................................................................................. 33
1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................. 33
1.6.2 Teknik Analisa Data ..................................................................... 33
1.6.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................... 34
1.6.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ............................................................ 34
1.7 Argumen Dasar ..................................................................................... 35
1.8 Struktur Penulisan ................................................................................. 36
BAB II PEMBAHASAN: PERMASALAHAN PEREMPUAN DAN
EKSISTENSI SAMJHAUTA DI NEPAL
2.1 Gambaran Permasalahan Pendidikan Perempuan di Nepal .............. 39
xi
2.1.1 Kompleksitas Masalah Perempuan di Nepal ....................... 39
2.1.2 Kondisi Pendidikan Perempuan di Nepal ........................... 46
2.1.3 Faktor-faktor Penyebab Terbatasnya Pendidikan Perempuan
di Nepal ............................................................................... 50
a. Faktor Sosial Budaya....................................................... 50
b. Faktor Hukum ................................................................. 53
c. Faktor Ekonomi ............................................................... 55
2.1.4 Upaya Pemerintah Dalam Pendidikan ................................ 59
2.2 Gambaran Samjhauta Nepal ............................................................. 63
2.2.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................... 63
2.2.2 Profil dan Struktur Organisasi Samjhauta ........................... 65
2.2.3 Visi, Misi, dan Strategi ....................................................... 67
BAB III PERAN SAMJHAUTA MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN
DI BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DAN POLITIK
3.1 Pemberdayaan Bidang Pendidikan .................................................. 71
3.1.1 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Advokat Dalam Pendidikan
Perempuan Dengan Membuka Kelas Keaksaraan ................ 73
3.1.2 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Service Provider Melalui
Program Pendidikan Untuk Proyek Mitigasi Pendapatan
dan Konflik dan Meningkatkan Melek Huruf Perempuan ... 77
3.1.3 Pencapaian Samjhauta Dalam Bidang Pendidikan ............... 80
3.2 Pemberdayaan Bidang Politik ......................................................... 81
3.2.1 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Citizen Champion Dalam
Politik Perempuan Melalui Radio Naya Nepal ..................... 87
3.2.2 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Citizen Champion Dalam
Politik Perempuan Melalui Program SAMARPAN ............. 89
3.2.3 Pencapaian Samjhauta Dalam Bidang Politik ...................... 92
BAB IV PERAN SAMJHAUTA MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN
DI BIDANG SOSIAL, EKONOMI, DAN PSIKOLOGIS
4.1 Pemberdayaan Bidang Sosial .......................................................... 97
4.1.1 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Advocate Dalam Pemberdayaan
Sosial Melalui Program UNIFEM-VOICES ........................ 98
4.1.2 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Capacity Builder Dalam
Pemberdayaan Sosial Melalui Program SAMVAD ........... 103
4.1.3 Pencapaian Samjhauta Dalam Bidang Sosial ...................... 107
xii
4.2 Pemberdayaan Bidang Ekonomi ................................................... 109
4.2.1 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Expert Dalam Pemberdayaan
Ekonomi Melalui Peningkatan Baca dan Pengembangan
Usaha Mikro ....................................................................... 111
4.2.2 Peran Samjhauta Sebagai Capacity Builder Melalui
Program Mempromosikan Perdamaian Berkelanjutan
dan Pengembangan Ekonomi dan Budaya Masyarakat ..... 114
4.2.3 Pencapaian Samjhauta Dalam Bidang Ekonomi ................ 117
4.3 Pemberdayaan Bidang Psikologis ................................................. 119
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................... 126
5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 127
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 129
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian ................................................................................... 19
Tabel 2.1 Angka Melek Huruf di Nepal dari Beberapa Tahun Terakhir ............. 49
Tabel 2.2 Profil Kemiskinan dan Pendidikan di Asia Selatan ............................. 56
Tabel 3.1 Peran Samjhauta Melalui Pemberdayaan Pendidikan dan
Politik................................................................................................... 94
Tabel 4.1 Peran Samjhauta Melalui Pemberdayaan Sosial, Ekonomi, dan
Psikologis........................................................................................... 122
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Sistem Kasta di Nepal (Muluki Ain) ................................................ 54
Gambar 3.1 Aktivitas kelas keaksaran di distrik Chitwan ................................... 75
Gambar 3.2 Aktivitas training di distrik Dhanusha ............................................. 91
Gambar 4.1 Aktivitas penyiar Radio UNIFEM-VOICES.................................. 102
Gambar 4.2 Pelaksanaan SAMVAD pada fase pertama .................................... 107
Gambar 4.3 Aktivitas peningkatan baca di salah satu VDC di distrik Lalitpur . 113
Gambar 4.4 Pelatihan Pengembangan Ekonomi dan Budaya Masyarakat
di Ankar ........................................................................................... 116
xv
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