Ethnic Minority Development Plan Project No.: 43049 December 2013

People’s Republic of China: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project For Dumeng County, Heilongjiang Province Prepared by the Agricultural Development Office of Duerbote County, Heilongjiang for the State Office for Comprehensive Agricultural Development and the Asian Development Bank.

This ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Minority Development Plan for Duerbote County of Heilongjiang Province

Agriculture development office of Duerbote county

Dec.2013

Abstracts

A Introductions

Bayanchagan Township Chao’er irrigated area locates in the middle reaches of the Nenjiang River, the

irrigated area was founded in the seventies of last century。In the spring of 2001 it has been rebuilt pump

station, built a main dam andan auxiliary dam，to some extent remitted the problem of water diversion in

irrigated area。At present there are 35000 hectare paddy field in the project area。

Write the ethnic minority development plan is to ensure that the minority ethnic village and people in

Dumeng county comprehensive agricultural project area can fairly share project benefit and mitigation

measures。Dumeng county comprehensive agricultural project is part of China's use of the Asian bank loan

comprehensive agricultural infrastructure development projects 。 (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Anhui,

Henan ,Yunnan，Ningxia）The ethnic minority development plan is according to the project group of social

and technical assistance poverty evaluation report, with minority groups, local government and its

subordinate departments organization consulting consultation.The Asian development bank loan

agricultural infrastructure comprehensive development project involves 6 provinces and 69 counties. Based

on social and poor conditions of ethnic minorities and the project area, has been put the appropriate

regulation in the project design, in order to improve the economy of ethnic minority groups. The regulation

of specific mitigation measures have also been incorporated into the plan for the development of ethnic

minority, will help to ensure that adversely affected minorities will also benefit from the project. The

current ethnic minority policy and government plans to help protect and improve the efficiency of the ethnic

minority groups. The ethnic minority development plan of the target population is in the project of the

Mongolian, account for Dumeng county 6.7% of the total population of the ethnic minorities, accounting

for 92.6% of the project area.

B Features

Mongolian. Mongolian ancestors, they are the first group of settlers , dating back over 800 years.

Duerbote County Bayanchagan township has a long history. Duerbote county is located in southwest of

1

Heilongjiang Province , the suburb of Daqing city , with a total area of 6,176 square kilometers , with a total

population of 250,000 , of which 18.2% are Mongolians. Duerbote tribes formed in the 10th century.

C Socio-economic status

69 counties in six provinces , after screening, only eight counties where ethnic minorities are

concentrated , of which five in Yunnan Province , two in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and one in

Heilongjiang Province. Duerbote County is the only minority Autonomous County in Heilongjiang

Province , mainly in the Mongolian -based, while Bayanchagan village is the birthplace of Dumont ,

Bayanchagan total population of 17,179 rural people, accounting for the total Dumeng 6.67% of the

population. Among them, there are 5120 Mongolian population, 29.8 percent of the total population, the

project area has 3680 Mongolian population, 55.9 percent of its total population.

Land resources and planting conditions . Seoul toward the total land area irrigated irrigated 18.8 acres,

15.7 acres of arable land. Existing 3.5 acres of paddy fields, where from 2011 to 2015 in the planned project

area totaled 10 million mu of low-yield farmland. Socio-economic survey showed that rice cultivation is the

only way to transform low-yielding fields effective.

Educations. According to statistics, in the Mongolian population , did not attend school the proportion

is 30%, the proportion of primary education was 32% , the proportion was 12.5% junior high , high school

and higher ratio of 22.5%.

Agricultural productivity. Chao’er irrigation of the Duerbote county is major rice producing areas,

planting rice, corn、soybeans and sorghum supplemented. More than 500kg of rice yield per mu. The upper

level of agricultural productivity in Duerbote County.

Local finance and rural income .The project area attaches to Bayanchagan township ,GNP is 580

million yuan, Fiscal revenue is 3.49 million yuan. Agricultural output of two villages in the project area is

220 million yuan ,general income of agriculture is 190 million yuan, per capita income is 17628 yuan.

D Effects

The positive effects include: I) The full implementation of the project will improve the irrigation

conditions of the land in the project area, remain the cost low, provide the adequate water for irrigation,

increase the yield of rice and raise farmer’s incomes .II) Thanks to the improvement of the old channel, the

2

man-made water diversion is reduced, which greatly minished the labor costs.III) The trainings of the

project include the training to irrigation management, consciousness of water saving, crop planting, field

management, prevention and treatment of pest controlling. We will conduct the educating and public of

market awareness to enhance the quality of minority population in the project area and their ability learnt

from the project .IV) During construction of the project, the local labour, especially the labour from poor

families will be provided with the opportunities of off-farm employment to increase the income. The Project

Office and the Construction Unit shall ensure that at least 40% of the non-tech jobs are available to

vulnerable groups, which includes women and the poor; In addition, v) With the improvement of irrigation,

the vegetation coverage rate in the project areas and the surrounding areas will be increased, meanwhile

reduced the soil erosion so that the ecological environment will be improved. After the completion of the

project, the current situation of water in the project area will be thoroughly improved.

The negative impacts include :I) There is a risk for sustainable irrigation. After the completion of the

irrigation systems, the sustainability of the project will face the challenge if the water charges and

administration fees are not sufficient enough to meet the requirements of channel maintenance and funds

management .II) There is a risk for crops planting, such as lack of farming techniques of cash crops and pest

control, the risk of planting market and natural disaster ;III) There’s a lack of adjustment of industrial

structure of costs due to the poverty ;IV) The risk of the effection on staffs’ employment and income in

short-term due to the closure of the pumping station ;V) The lives of minority people in the project area will

be affected during the construction; VI) The risk that the disruption of the rural road due to the channel

construction ;VIII) The deep ditch and torrential water flow in some part of the channel might be a threaten

to the villagers’ personal safety, especially to the children’s.

E Gender and Development

The results of social economic survey show that the proportion of the Mongolian women engaged in

the production and living is low. All the production and living activities are mainly taken by male. Female is

mainly engaged in some relatively simple and easy operation in the production and living. In the project

area, husband and wife share agricultural productive labor in 50% of the Mongolian families, and the

housework is taken on by women. In addition, the percentage of women’s participation in village public

affairs is very low.

3

In order to promote the development of social gender: i) in the stage of the project design phase,

implementation and running management, the women should be encouraged to participate in, which can

ensure that 40% of unskilled jobs can be given to the vulnerable groups, including women; ii) for the

implementation of technical training ,it should be fully considered to women’s requirements in aspects such

as training methods, training time, training language.; iii) improve women's consciousness of market, and

encourage women to participate in agricultural professional association and express their suggestions ;iv) to

improve the training about the security of women consciousness and water-saving awareness ,and give full

play to women’s participation in the role of water in the whole society.

F Action Plan

Under the premise of the various stakeholders to fully communicate the PMO under the guidance of

minorities and social development consultant , is to promote the positive impacts and mitigate negative

impacts , such as the development of a practical action plan to promote the positive impact from the

program and mitigate the negative impact of two aspects of the target population , made specific

recommendations for action , implementing agencies, implementation time , and the specific requirements

for source monitoring indicators.

1. Introduction

Preparation of this minority development plan is based on social and poverty assessment report;

negotiate with minority groups, local government agencies and their subordinate departments. The

agricultural infrastructure comprehensive development project of the loan item of Asian Development Bank

(ADB) involves six provinces 69 counties. Based on the result of survey towards poverty condition of

minority groups. They decided to integrate into appropriate provisions to improve the economic situation of

minority groups in the project area. The specific rules of mitigation measures have also been included in the

minority development plan. It will benefit the minorities. Current government policies and programs also

help to protect and improve the efficiency of minority ethnic groups. The target population is the Mongolian,

accounting 6.7% of the total population of Duerbote County, takes 92.6% of the project area.

Chao Er irrigation is located in the middle of Nenjiang River. Channel alteration, rehabilitation being

the serious problem of the local government.

4

"Minorities Development Plan" describes the community demographic, social, cultural and political

characteristics of minorities as well as clarifies the needs of minority ethnic groups. In order to protect the

benefits of minority ethnic groups, it also shows the project would impact on minority ethnic groups.

1.1 Background

Duerbote Mongol Autonomous County is an administrative subdivision of the province of

Heilongjiang, China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Daqing. The population of the

county was 243,829 in 1999. It's named after Duerbote Mongols.

There are 6176 square kilometers, with a total population of 25.05 million people live there. There are

17 nationalities, such as Mongolian, Han, Manchu, Duerbote Mongolian occupies 18.2% of total

population.

The place is famous for the rich resources. For instance, the grass, water, reed and medicine are very

famous in Heilongjiang province. Not only that, the underground is also rich in oil, gas, placer, geothermal

and other resources and it is the main areas of Daqing peripheral oilfield.

Chao’er Irrigation District is located in the Nenjiang River alluvial plains. Irrigation was built in the

1970s; the spring of 2001 has been re-built pumping station, and construction a main dam, an auxiliary dam.

To a certain extent, it eases the problem of irrigated water. There are 3.5 acres of paddy fields in the project

area.

Main Problems: The project area are lack of water, and there is no specific irrigation system and

management system; (2) existing water facilities are outdated (3) Due to the field drainage system not

match, it leads to waste much water. (4) Engineering scattered, small scale irrigation, energy consumption;

(5) high cost of irrigation, poor efficiency; (6) farmers overwhelmed (7) It will leads to vehicles are difficult

to go through the place, due to the clay road, especially in winter and spring.

The main task of the project is to utilize the existing old channels and canal building, through the

whole rehabilitated, reasonable design, diversion channels concrete embankment. Through irrigation,

thereby expanding the irrigated area and improve water use efficiency, water conservation resources and

reduce labor costs.

Project plays a decisive role on improve Mongolian people's living and conduction conditions. It

promotes economic development in minority. The project is not only improving the ecological environment,

5

rational use of water resources, but also increase farmers' income in minority areas. Implementation of the

project played a positive role in development and revitalization of ethnic minorities. It takes a positive

position on promoting social and economic development of Duerbat County.

1.2 Goals and contents

Chao’er irrigation is one of the comprehensive agricultural development project during 2011-2015.

Goals: farmland consolidation、comprehensive water infrastructure、smooth farm track、reasonable

shelterbelt construction、advanced and applicable technology、high yield and efficiency.

Contents: 2.2 kilometers of farmland infrastructure in channel with concrete

1.3 Purpose

The purpose of the preparation of the development plan is to promote minority participation of

minorities in the preparation and implementation of projects to ensure that minorities can benefit from the

project, while at the greatest possible reduction of poverty on minority populations and minimize negative

impacts. Minority development plan will clarify the demographic, social and cultural characteristics of

ethnic minority groups in the project area ; needs of ethnic minority groups ; impact of the project on

minority groups ; ethnic minorities and to ensure equitable benefit measures to mitigate any adverse effects ,

these measures include measures to improve living standards, poverty reduction measures , measures to

protect the cultural and traditional minorities, vulnerable groups support measures to mitigate the negative

impact of the proposed action plan .

1.4 Method

In order to understand the basic social and economic conditions of affected residents, with the

assistance of Dumeng county , the technical assistance advisory group carried out social

assessment ,including the collection of secondary data , interviews with different stakeholders . To provide

material for the preparation of the report ,we do a lot of work,such as group interviews, the typical

household survey and interviews with village-level local authorities , a large collection of quantitative and

qualitative material , these information can help us to calculate the potential gains , predict the risk and

6

develop measures . There are two administrative villages and four unincorporated villages in Wangfu and

Chao’er villages,in total 402 people from 122 families received a typical sample survey. In these typical

households, 32 percent are minorities , of which 119 people from 36 famlies are Mongolian . In addition to

interviews and departments discussion, also conducted a panel discussion on gender .

1.5 Policy

The preparation of the project is based on a small number of District Development Plan minority

People's Republic of China 's relevant laws and regulations , the Heilongjiang Provincial People's

Government and the relevant regulations ADB minority policy (OMF3) (2004 ) as well as Social Security

Policy Review ( 2009 ) , etc. as the basis, the main policy -related laws and regulations , including China ,

Heilongjiang Province, the relevant legislation , national support policies , Heilongjiang Province and

Daqing’s regional development planning and the ADB policy .

China 's policies and regulations relating to minorities and minority concerns ADB goal is the same :

the focus on equality and development of ethnic minorities, and to give special attention to the economic ,

social and cultural development of various undertakings in order to safeguard minority interests , promote

social and economic status of minorities .

China 's policy and ADB policy focuses on public participation, consultation and action plans. In

project preparation, implementation and monitoring stages need to actively listen to the views of minorities ,

attitudes and expectations . This requires that the entire project cycle , concerns public participation,

especially women , the poor and other vulnerable groups to ensure that it can benefit from the project .

1.6 Ongoing projects

After the completion of the project , its implementation and maximize social benefits will rely on some

of the existing development projects in the project area . By consulting experts and stakeholders held a

seminar learned minority development projects being implemented in the project area .

In the embodiment , including the following:( 1 ) Technology Promotion Project ( 2 ) Poverty

Alleviation Project ( 3 ) people drink safe water conservancy facilities and basic items ( 4 ) cultivation

technology training and large-scale cultivation training program ( 5 ) rice cultivation technology training

programs ( 6 ) Rice pest control project ( 7 ) large set of science and technology ( 8 ) standardized rice 7

seedling project .

2. The general situation of minority in the project area

2.1 population status

2.1.1 Duerbote County of Heilongjiang Province

Heilongjiang Province

Heilongjiang province is located in the northeastern of China, covers an area of 450000 square

kilometers, accounting for 4.7% of the nation's total.

There are 10 ethnic minorities, like Han, Manchu, Korean, Mongolian, Hui, Daur, Oroqen, Hezhen,

Kirgiz, Ewenki and so on. The whole province were divided into 10 level cities, 4 regions, 17 county-level

cities, 51 county, 1 autonomous county. The total population of Heilongjiang province in 2010 is 38.312224

million. Males are 19,459,763, accounting for 50.79%,females are 18,852,461, accounting for 49.21%.

Duerbote County

Duerbote mongolian nationality autonomous county is the only minority autonomous county in

Heilongjiang province. County jurisdiction over 11 towns, 12 agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and

fishery farms, covers an area of 6176 square kilometers, with a total population of 25.05 million, there are

Mongolian, Han, Manchu, Daur and other 17 ethnic groups, and the Mongolia nationality population

accounts for 18.2% of the total population. Resources and products are abundant. "Grass, water, reed,

medicine" are called the best four of Heilongjiang Province. Grassland area is the largest -- there are 4.69

million mu of grassland, accounting for 50.7% of the covers, Per mu pasture can feed 300000 head of

livestock (horses). The largest water areas -- the territory of more than 100 kilometers of Nenjiang basin,

there are 201 lakes of various sizes, water area of 2.05 million mu, fish farming water area of 1.4 million

mu, output of aquatic products are more than million tons every year. Reed land area is the largest -- there

are 0.87 million mu of reed land, accounting for 27% of the total land area of reed, with an annual output of

150000 tons in the commercial reed. The most varieties and the largest reserves of the Chinese medicinal

herbs -- rich in boy wind, gentian and other 129 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine, the total reserves of 100

million kg. The underground is also rich in oil, natural gas, placer, geothermal and other resources, and it is

the major production areas of Daqing peripheral oilfield. 8

Duerbote County Agricultural Development Office

It is responsible for project investigation, seminars, visits and other preparatory work, and project

compilation, hired experts to review the project, commissioned the tender mechanism to supervision of

project bidding, bid evaluation, etc., coordinated of Township and Village organizations to inspect the each

project work before the project implementation, co-coordinated the implementation of the project

construction unit, monitoring the progress of the project, organized the project acceptance and evaluation.

per-capita per capita area

Tab.2-1 The Minority population in Duerbote county and Heilongjiang province

Project county/city

Total population (thousand)

Agricultural acreage (ha.)

Minority population (thousand)

Minority of the total population （%）

Per-capita area of cultivated land

(mu/person)

Heilongjiang province

3830 278939 1970 5.1% 6.6

Duerbote county 256 136035 585 22.8% 7.9

2.1.2 The project area

Duerbote Mongolian nationality autonomous county is located in the midwest of Heilongjiang

Province, with a total area of 6176 square kilometers, with a total population of 25.05 million, there are

Mongolian, Han, Manchu, Daur and other 17 ethnic groups, and the Mongolia nationality population

accounts for 18.2% of the total population. Mongolians of Duerbote county are mainly concentrated in Ao

Lin, Huji Tomo and Bayan Chagan towns. Mongolian population of the three towns is 31,254, accounting

for 61% of Mongolian population in Duerbote county.According to the official of national religious affair

Bureau in Duerbote county government said, there are some historical reasons for Mongolian of Duerbote

county relatively concentrated in three villages and towns. It is the location of the Jasake mansion which

thirtieth generation son Sewangduoerji (the last prince) of Genghis Khan’s brother Habutu Hasaer lived

in.These three towns were close to the Nenjiang River Basin in the past, and the natural conditions are

relatively poor, but the land resources were relatively abundant. After years of development, these towns

become the Mongolian concentrated township.

The basic population situation in the project area

9

Number Village Household Population Mongolian Mongolian Proportion

Labor Force

Total 2 1904 6579 3136 47.6% 3495

1 Chao’er village

802 2826 1012 35.8% 1578

2 Wangfu village

1102 3753 2124 56.6% 1917

In 2009, the proportion of the rural labor force engaged in agriculture in Duerbote County was 84%,

16 percentage points higher than the average level of 68% in Heilongjiang Province. However, the

proportion of the labor force engaged in agriculture in the project area is higher than the whole county.

2.2 Religion and Culture

Characteristics of Mongolian

The Mongolian calls himself as “Mongolia”. The name of “Mongolia” was early record in “Book of

Tang” and “Khitan Annals”, with the meaning of “Enternal Flame”. Another name of Mongolian is “the

Nation on Horseback”.

Mongolian is mainly distributed at the inner mongolian autonomous region, the others are distributed

at Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang etc. The population of Mongolian has been

reached to 4,806,849 in the 4th population census in 1990.

Mongolian has a long history. In the beginning of 13th century, Genghis Khan united the Mongolian

tribes and established a unified Mongolia noble regime. And in 1219, Genghis Khan expedited westward to

enlarge the territory to central Asia and southern Russia. In 1271, the title of Mongolia was changed to Yuan

Dynasty, and Mongolian conquered the Southern Song Dynasty in 1279, thus unified the whole of China.

The Yuan Dynasty was collapsed in 1368.

On May 1st of 1947, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the inner mongolian

autonomous region was established, which was the earliest municipality in China. Subsequently, nine

autonomous prefectures and counties were also gradually established. Animal Husbandry is the main

economy of Mongolian for their survival and development. Additionally, the Mongolian people are also

engaged in processing industry, agriculture and industry.

10

Religion of Mongolian

The Mongolian beliefs Shamanism in early, and began to belief Lamaism after Yuan Dynasty.

Customs of Mongolian

Besides cow milk, the Mongolian people are also like to drink ewe's milk, mare’s milk and camel milk.

A few of milk is drank as fresh milk, most milk are made into dairy products such as yogurt, dried milk

cake, wurme(skin on boiled milk), cream, single cream, cream lees, curd cheese and milk powdered etc.

These products can be eating on dinner, and also can be taken as the snacks, suitable for both of old and

young. The dairy products are always regarded as excellent treasures, it’s usually used for

entertaining the guests, and in case of the guest is a child, the Mongolian people will smear some wurme or

cream to his forehead, which is standing for best wishes.

In daily life, there is a kind of food is also very important for Mongolian people, just like the red food

and white food, it’s parched rice.

Culture and Arts of Mongolian

Long-tune Folk Song

Long-tune Folk Song is the general name of several kinds of songs that created by Mongolian people

during working in long-term nomadism, it’s also the sign of Mongolian music with prairie style, which is

including prairie pastoral song, paean, nostalgia song, wedding song and love song etc.

Short-tune Folk Song

In Mongolian, the short-tune Folk Song is called as “Baoguni.dao”. This kind of song is general with

the feature of short tune and rapid rhythm; it’s different from the songs of long-tune folk songs.

Ballade

Ballade was created and developed in the agricultural region that located at the eastern Inner Mongolia,

it’s a kind of large-scale folk song that combined with complex plot and many figures.

Musical Instrument 11

Morin Khuur

Morin Khuur is a kind of folk string instrument, which is made by the wood of white pine, with the

length of 1m. The rod is a half cylindrical shape, the plane is fingerboard; and there is a horse’s head at the

upper side to take as a decoration, the name of this instrument is just from this. The instrument is composed

by sound box, rod, string, tuning peg and fiddlestick. The sound box is made by wood, in the shape of

trapezoid or rectangle, and covered by a horsehide or sheepskin; the string is made by two strand of selected

horsetail; the fiddlestick is made by wicker (thickness as thumb), in the shape of half-moon. The playing

method of this instrument is rather special and difficult, it should use fingernail or finger joint to against the

string from inner to outer.

Chinese Folk Art Forms

Haolaibao

Haolaibao is a kind of Chinese Folk Art Forms, also called “Haolibao”, it belongs to Hultsch.

Andai Dancing

Andai Dancing is a traditional Mongolian folk dance and popular in the Mongolian region that lived

in northeast.

Festivals of Mongolian

The traditional festivals are “Bai Festival’, Aobao Festival and Nadan Festival etc.

Inhabitancy Custom

“The Cloudy-Mountains lie,See the Chille-River pass by,Like a big dome is the sky Covering the

prairie nigh……” ,this song widely circulated folk song mentioned "QiongLu",is typical of a Mongolian

unique living form - Mongolian yurts.Mongolia is a curtain type residence, circular, domed, usually with

one or two layers of wool blanket coverage.In ancient times, Han said that Mongolian yurts as

"QiongLu","Zhanmu", "Zhanzhang", "Zhanfang", "Zhanbao", Mongolian called "Ge’er".Mongolian yurtsis

the crystallization of the grassland culture, is a small encyclopedia about Mongolia ethnic customs.

Cooking Culture

Mongolian people pay great attention to food, the main traditional foods are milk or meat, now the 12

ratio of vegetable and fruit is greatly increased. In the pasturing area, the ratio of milk, meat and grain are

nearly same. The farming-pastoral region takes grain as primary industry and takes meat and milk as

assistance industry. The ratio of meat and milk in agricultural region is much less than

farming-pastoral region. The traditional diets of Mongolian people cannot without meat and milk, the meat

mainly are beef and mutton. The Mongolian people like to boil the fresh meat together with bone and then

take it by hand to eat, which is known as “handle meat”; Mongolian also like to cut the fresh meat to strips,

and eat after air drying. During the long term nomadic life, Mongolian created a special method for

manufacturing and storing milk products. The fresh milk can be made to butter, cream, milk wine, milk

solid and milk skin etc. by the method of fermentation, steam, boil or dry in the sun. These foods are rich of

nutrition and have different taste. Mongolian people also like to eat parched rice, which is convenient to

carry and resistance to hungry and milky tea is and indispensable drink of Mongolian people in each day.

Planting Habit

The Mongolian people are mainly engaged in animal husbandry, sideline in crop farming. Most of the

scattered Mongolian people are mainly engaged in crop farming. Since the foundation of China, especially

since the reform and opening up, more and more Mongolian people began to work in industry and other

economic activities; the Mongolian people began to develop in an all-around way that including industry,

commerce and modern animal husbandry and crop farming.

Development Status of Mongolian

With the rapid economic development in recent years, planting industry has been form to a new

management mode, the land rented by contractor is bigger and bigger, and the lands are connected one by

one, thus it’s convenient for mechanization planting and management. The renting fees of land are decided

by the negotiation of village collective and lending people. The animal husbandry was also got a significant

developed with the pushing of Erie dairy industry.

2.3 Socioeconomic Status

Economic Situation

13

In 2009, the GDP of Dumeng county has been reached to 3.876 billion RMB, the average GDP of each

person is 15,090 yuan. In GDP, the percentage of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry

are 38.2%, 38% and 23.8%. This means the agriculture play a very important role in the economics of

Dumeng county.

The average income of village people in Dumeng county is 8246 yuan, which is 26.7% higher than

Heilongjiang Province. The grain output in 2009 is 650,010t, it’s increased 3.5% than last year; the number

of cow has been reached to 165,216, which is 7.8% increased than last year; and the milk output reached to

408068t,which is 19% increased than last year.

Table2-2

Project in the basic economic conditions (2010)

Economic indicators Wangfu village Chao’er village Bayanchagan township

GDP (RMB: billion) 0.00758 0.0099 0.224 Per capita GDP (RMB) 18751 19036 14690 Agricultural GDP (RMB: billion) 0.00741 0.00981 0.17

Ratio of agricultural 97.7 99 76 Industrial GDP (RMB: billion) 0.04 Industrial ratio 17.8 The tertiary industry GDP (RMB: billion)

0.00017 0.00009 0.014

Ratio of the third industry 2.3 1 6.2 GDP annual growth rate (%) 7.5 8.1 8.9 Per capita cultivated land(mu) (1ha=15mu)

7.1 5.7 7.7

Rural per capita income (yuan) 17711 19249 14973

Urban per capita income (yuan) 18201 19865 18102 Source: 2010 he Chagan township statistical yearbook, In 2010, he Chagan township report for national economic and social development.

Table2-3

The project area the basic economic situation

Project village households population Total land area

of

The area of cultivated land per

capita

Per capita incom

Wangfu village 1102 3753 4019 16.1 17711

Chao’er village 802 2826 2703 14.3 19249

Total 1904 6579 6722 15.3 14973

Land Resources

14

Dumeng county has 136,035 hectare farmland; the average farmland of each person is 7.9 mu.

Relatively speaking, the average income and cultivated land of Dumeng county is higher than Heilongjiang

province. This indicates that the agriculture condition of irrigated area in Dumeng county is much better

than eastern towns, where has huge land but no good irrigation conditions.

Table2-4 Land area occupies the project area population situation (mu)

project Total land

area of Paddy fields Dry field Vegetable Other

The average 15 10 7 1 The Han family 18 9 8 1

The Mongolian family 15 12 2 1

Education and Medical Treatment &Public Health

Dumeng county has 16 different types of schools and 30,237 students in total. Among them, 52.8% are

pupils or pre-school students, 47.2% are junior high school students. Regarding the basic sanitation

facilities, the town has 396 doctors and nurses, average to per thousand people is 1.54, its level is nearly

same to that of rural villages and towns in Heilongjiang province. Each village of Dumeng county has road

and telephone, the tap water supply rate reached to 72%, and each family can watch TV.

Population Status

Dumeng had 95,064 households and 1,256,856 people in 2010, average to each family is 2.7. Among

them, 49.2% are women and 50.8% are men. By the end of 2010, there were 71,331 non-farmers, about

27.7%. There were 1904 households in two project villages and four natural villages, the total population is

6,578, average to each family is 2.6.

The population summary of Dumeng county and project township

Project

Unit Number Population Male Female

The Mongolian population

Labour

15

Dumeng county

95064 256856 130475 126381 51246 140579

Bayanchagan township

5887 17179 8862 8317 5120 9129

Basic population situation in the project

Number Village Households Population Mongolian The Mongolian

proportion Labour

Total 2 1904 6579 3136 47.6% 3495

1 Chao’er village

802 2826 1012 35.8% 1578

2 Wangfu village

1102 3753 2124 56.6% 1917

The distribution of ethnic minorities

Dumeng county is located in the west of Heilongjiang province, with the total area of 6054 square

kilometers and 256,856 people. Among them, the population of ethnic minority is 58,563, accounting for

22.8% and the Mongolia is 51,246, accounting for 87.5%. In Dumeng county, Mongolia nationality are

mainly concentrated in Aolin, Hujitumo and Bayanchagan. The total Mongolia people in these 3 villages is

31,254, accounting for 61% of the Mongolia people in Dumeng county. According to the Dumeng county

Government Religious Affairs Officer said,Dumeng county Mongolia people more concentrated in the

county of the three place mainly has some historical reasons. Thirtieth the sun of Genghis khan brother

Habutu hasaer is Sewang douerji(the last report),his Zhasake fief is here.The three villages and towns is

close to the Nenjiang river in the past, the natural conditions are relatively poor, but there is a rich land

resources. After years of development, these become the Mongolian concentrated towns.

In 2012, 84% rural labor force of Dumeng county were engaged in agriculture, it’s16 % higher than

the average level of Heilongjiang province (68%). But the project area in agricultural labor proportion is

higher than the county. Dumont county Cao,er village irrigation project area will involve Wangfu, Cao’er

two villages and four natural villages, a total area of 251,600 mu, including 108,300 mu of arable land. The

project area a total population of 6,579 people, accounting for 38.3% of the entire town's population. The

village mainly three kinds of crops: rice, corn, mixed beans, with some economic crops, such as peanuts,

16

vegetables. The whole project area is mostly irrigated farmland, including 16,000 mu of the

middle-and-low-yielding fields, total arable land area, there are 16,000 mu of rice, corn, 52,000 Chinese

acres, 37,300 acres of mixed beans, peanuts 2,000 mu, 1,000 mu of vegetables. Two village in 2012 total

output of 14,079 tons, an average of 130 kilograms per mu.

The project area the basic economic situation

Number Village Households Population Total land (hectares)

The average amount

of cultivated land

Income

Total 2 1904 6579 6722 15.3 9800

1 Chao’er village

802 2826 2703 14.3 19249

2 Wangfu village

1102 3753 4019 16.1 17711

The project area has been done the comprehensive agricultural development projects, since1991, in the

past 20 years, the comprehensive development project of agricultural infrastructure have been implemented

for 2 stages. In calculation, 80,000mu cultivated area are transformed, and increased 150,000 tons of grain.

Project area has 35,000 mu cultivated area and mostly are irrigated farmland, which is accounted for

32% of the total cultivated area of the two villages.

The employment situation

In 2012, the proportion of rural labor force engaging in agriculture in Bayanchagan Town is 65.4%, it

still dominant in the agricultural sector and higher than the Heilongjiang average level (61.2%).The

proportion of the rural labor force in project area is roughly 49.4%. The employment situation

of two projects villages, as many as 54.7% of the rural labor force is employed in agriculture,15.7%

inretail,trade and services,13.9% in construction industry, followed in industry, transportation and

communication safter.

Table2-9

17

Bayanchagan township employment (2010) (people) Town / Village Total

population of the rural labor force

Engaged in

agriculture

Industry Construction industry

Transport and communication

Retail, trade and services

Bayanchagan town 9129 6013 689 1325 698 394

Percentage% 65.4 7.6 14.7 7.7 4.6 Chao’er village 951 470 98 185 117 81

%Percentage% 49.4 10.3 19.5 12.3 8.5 Wangfu village 542 315 29 56 31 111

Percentage% 58.1 5.3 10.3 5.7 20.6 Source: statistical yearbook 2010 summer and Bayanchagan town provide data

Table2-10

The employment situation in the project area

Poverty status

According to the specified poverty line of Daqing City, the average income of each person should be

963 Yuan (2012) in each year. There are 575 families and 807 rural persons are belonging to lower

income, which is accounting for 6% of the rural total population of Bayanchagan Town. The living

allowance that the Government provides to these rural poor is 70 Yuan per month, 650,000 Yuan in total of

each year. After discussions with the officials of selected township, the current numbers of low-income

households in rural areas are underestimated due to the limited funds of local Civil Affairs Bureau, showing

that not all persons below the poverty line of 963 Yuan are included in the rural low-income households.

According to the data provided by the Civil Affairs Bureau of Duerbote town in 2012, there are 171

low income families, 371 low income residents in these two villages, accounting for 13.6percent of the total

Village Rural labor force

Engaged in

agriculture

Industry Construction industry

Retail，trade and services

Transport and communication

Chao’er village 951 470 98 185 81 117

Wangfu village

542 315 29 56 111 31

Total 1493 785 127 241 192 148

18

number of rural households, and 5.6percent of the total population. They are disabled, the alone elderly, or

extremely poor. They are entitled to obtain the living allowance 70 Yuan per person per month, 840 Yuan

per year. As previously mentioned, due to limited funds, the numbers of involved low income persons and

the received allowance should be higher.

Table 2-11

Low-income households in the project area

Project village Households Population Low-income

households Low-income population

Percent of total

household (%)

Percent of total population (%)

Chao’er village 802 2826 109 196 13.6 6.9 Wangfu village 1102 3753 62 175 5.6 4.6 Total 1904 6579 171 371 8.9 5.6

Social and economic characteristics of minorities

In order to understand the basic situation of the Mongolian population, in this paper, Minorities of two

villages in Dumeng county were surveyed with questionnaire. The survey regarded household as a unit, and

received 122 valid questionnaires, which was 36 Mongolian households, accounting for 29.5% of the total

number of samples. There were 402 people, involving 273 Han and 119 Mongolian, Other ethnic population

of 10 people, in 122 sample households. The population of each household was average 3.3, the Han

population, Mongolian population and Other ethnic population per household was 3.29,3.31 and 3.33.In

addition, gender-based considerations, there were 74 female respondents in the questionnaires, representing

60% of the total.

According to the analysis of 122 questionnaires, the average annual income of each person is 9800

Yuan, slightly higher than average of the Dumeng county. Agricultural income accounted for 92%, and

other income accounted for 8%. The per capita net income of respondents was roughly the same as that of

the project area, but obviously higher than that of Heilongjiang province's per capita income. Since the

income of farmers in project area more depended on traditional agriculture, their income will increase

through improving agricultural infrastructure and increasing food production in project area which will

greatly promote the development of economy. There is no significant difference between Mongolian and

19

Han economic development level in project area.

At the same time, agricultural production and basic conditions of project area between the Han and

Mongolia group is not much difference. Data shows, the average household land for 50.5 mu, 15.3 mu of

land area per capita. The Han family, the total area of 58 mu of land for the average household. The

Mongolian and other ethnic family, the average land area of 43 mu. Mongolian and other ethnic family

compared with the Han family, the number of Dry farmland is similar quantities, the number of paddy fields

less.

From the project From the project impact the local ethnic culture, the project will not be adverse impact on ethnic minority culture. In the survey, many Mongolian also mentioned, comprehensive agricultural development project is a good thing to conducive to the development of local agriculture, what don't need the extra attention. But in the construction phase of the project, it is worth noting that the relevant personnel to respect the habits and customs of local minorities, such as the construction does not affect important Mongolian buildings and burial site, to avoid the rush time, does not affect the ethnic festivals, etc. Table 2-12

The basic income status of sample households

Items valid samples

Minimum value

Maximum value Mean value Standard deviation

The total income of household 131 2,000 58,000 19,106 10,117

The total income of Korean household 38 2,000 50,000 18,939 11,565

The total income of Han household 93 2,000 58,000 19,272 9,530

The total income of agricultural 101 1,000 31,000 12,456 7,553

Additional income 134 0 38,000 4,340 6,571 Per capita income

of household 131 500 200,000 5,931 3,153.

Machine Usage Level of Minority Region

Regarding the farming methods, 90% households adopts machine to work in field, and the other 10%

households adopt both of labor and machine; 100% households adopt machine for sowing seed. The degree

of agricultural machinery is directly related to farmers' agricultural production, which should be considered

during the project implementation. The improvement of agricultural infrastructure is also conducive to

promoting the level of agricultural mechanization in the project area and liberating more labor force. 20

Table 2-13 Mechanical usage in project area

Agricultural machinery usage Numbers Percentage Valid percentage

Sample households

Mainly rely on manpower 15 10.9 11.5

Mainly rely on machinery 68 49.3 52.3 Ploughing using human and machinery 28 20.3 21.5 Sowing using human and machinery 9 6.5 6.9 Harvesting using human and machinery 10 7.2 7.7 Subtotal 130 94.2 100.0

Lack System 8 5.8 Total 138 100.0

Status of migrant workers for minority

The characteristics of migrant workers in project area are similar to that of Han. The young Han person

usually will go out to work after middle school or high school graduation. However, on this point there are a

little bit different from Mongolian who tends to be early marriage and marries soon after high school

graduation. Most married men still have to go out to work, and the majority of married Mongolian women

will stay at home and become the main labor force in agricultural production. Implementation of the project

will reduce the manual labor of these young women, provide them more and better opportunities to

participate in the project and improve the information exchanging and communication among them.

Personality, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems and their own unique culture should be taken into full

consideration and respect in the project design and implementation. Among the project area, 59% of valid

respondents have the experience of work outside, among which 61% of interviewed Han people and 54% of

the interviewed Mongolian people have the experience of work outside. In addition, 67% of respondents

say that their family members also have experience of work outside, among which 69% of families of the

interviewed Han people and 61% of the families of the interviewed Mongolian people have experience of

migrant workers, too. In the project area, the Mongolian and Han migrant workers often chose construction

workers, business and agriculture, as well as drivers and other staff as career.

21

Table 2-14

Occupation distribution of migrant workers

3. Impact of the project on ethnic minorities

The adverse effects and potential risks of the project are investigated by the questionnaire survey. 82

percent of respondents believe that there is no negative impact about the project, and 18 percent of

respondents think that the project may has adverse effect because the project will occupy lots of ground and

decrease cultivated land area. In addition, a series of open questions are designed in the questionnaire to

know the villagers’ attitude to the generating risk of project implementation. But most of people think that if

these potential adverse effects and risks are paid attention to in the stage of design and implementation of

the project, measures can be taken to avoid the adverse effects and risks. And the beneficial effects of the

project are far greater than the negative effects.

3.1 The positive impact of the project on ethnic minorities

The adverse effects and potential risks of the project are investigated by the questionnaire survey. 82

percent of respondents believe that there is no negative impact about the project, and 18 percent of

respondents think that the project may has adverse effect because the project will occupy lots of ground and

decrease cultivated land area. In addition, a series of open questions are designed in the questionnaire to

know the villagers’ attitude to the generating risk of project implementation. But most of people think that if

Project Occupation of migrant workers Total

Construction workers Business Agriculture Waiter Driver Others

Respondents Han 25% 13% 43% 15% 0% 3% 100%

Mongolia 27% 23% 36% 9% 0% 5% 100%

Total 25% 15% 42% 14% 0 3% 100% Family

members Han 19% 19% 23% 9% 23% 7% 100%

Mongolia 28% 20% 16% 4% 16% 16% 100% Total 21% 19% 21% 7% 21% 10% 100%

22

these potential adverse effects and risks are paid attention to in the stage of design and implementation of

the project, measures can be taken to avoid the adverse effects and risks. And the beneficial effects of the

project are far greater than the negative effects.

3.1.1 Improvement of irrigation conditions

In the project area, because the existing irrigation system is earthen and built between the 1950s to the

1970s, dredging to ditches continues each year before the arrival of the irrigation season. Since channels are

earthen and uneven, the flow of irrigation water is "slow" and "inadequate". This kind of phenomenon is

particularly serious at the end of the channel and during the dry season which is often the cause of the

quarrels or even fights among the villagers. On the other hand, waste water in earthen ditches of the project

area is also very common. According to a sample household survey, about 86 percent of the households

are dissatisfied with the irrigation as the flow of irrigation is slow and seepage of drainage system is

common (see Table 4-2). More than 1/3 of the respondents think the backward irrigation system is one of

the main factors restricting the development of local agriculture and increased production in the project area.

(See Table 3-1 and Table 3-2)

Table 3-1

The main problems of agricultural irrigation

Items The effective

sample numbers Numbers Percentage The effective percentage

Serious seepage and slow flow 128 110 79.7 85.9

The bad drainage 128 69 50.0 53.9

Excessive irrigation costs 128 64 46.4 50.0

Improper use and management of

water resources 128 26 18.8 20.3

Unbalanced regional irrigation

and unreasonable allocation of

water resources

128 10 7.2 7.8

Disputes due to irrigation water 128 26 18.8 20.3

Others 128 0 0 0

23

Source: household sample survey

Table 3-2

The main factors restricting the development of agriculture

Items The effective

sample number Numbers Percentage The effective percentage

Inferior seeds 130 37 26.8 28.5

Lack of fertilizer 130 18 13.0 13.8

Lack of technology 130 60 43.5 46.2

Backward Irrigation system 130 53 38.4 40.8

Poor soil conditions 130 51 37.0 39.2

Lack of labors 130 15 10.9 11.5

Inadequate attention for

yield 130 1 0.7 0.8

Others 130 1 0.7 0.8

Missing 8 5.8

Source: household sample surveys

The average household need to spend 15 to 20 days of work (in the absence of labor or the equivalent

amount of funding) to dredge and observe the water flow in order to maintain good irrigation system for the

crops in the irrigation period which is usually arranged by the villagers or village and becomes a major

burden for local villagers, especially for those poor labor shortage families. In the project area the average

per acres irrigation charge is RMB 70-90, which becomes a considerable cost for grain production of the

project area. 36.2 percent of respondents believe that the high cost of irrigation is one of the main

difficulties for local farmers to improve agricultural production (see Table 3-3). With the help of the project,

irrigation conditions can be improved greatly and the amount of labor input and the cost of water can be

reduced which ensure most farmland to achieve high and stable yield in the project area. The average yield

per acre soybean, rice and corn yield will be 50 kg, 120 kg, and 100 kg, respectively.

Table 3-3 Facing the difficulties in agricultural production

24

Project The effective sample number Numbers Percentage The effective percentage

Lack of fund 133 39 28.3 29.3 Difficulties for irrigation 133 44 31.9 33.1 High costs of irrigation 133 50 36.2 37.6 Lack of skills 133 43 31.2 32.3 High input costs 133 21 15.2 15.8 Lack of loans 133 5 3.6 3.8 No market 133 5 3.6 3.8 Lack of information 133 11 8.0 8.3 Low education 133 13 9.4 9.8 Heavy labor burden or excessive fatigue in agricultural production

132 5 3.6 3.8

Others 133 1 0.7 0.8 Source: household sample surveys

The bad drainage of the field is another important feature of existing irrigation systems. When the

heavy rain comes, many fields will be flooded. The summer rice crop yield reduced 20%-30%, the yield of

an average acres reduced from 500kg to 400 kg due to poor drainage system in Chao er village. About 54

percent of the surveyed households think that the most serious problem of irrigation condition is the poor

drainage.

In addition to the improvement of irrigation and drainage system, another benefit of project

performance is local rural road reconstruction. Although there are some roads connecting many villages in

the project villages, most of them are not standard country roads. They are narrow and unpaved. Therefore,

it is difficult for the vehicle to pass through, especially in rainy days. In the Chao er village most of the

villagers complain of the bad road conditions and more than 70 percent of the rice and maize are harvested

by hand. If the roads are paved and thickened, most of the crops can be used to harvest using machinery,

thereby saving large labors.

Most of these problems can be solved in this project, and the different ethnic groups of local villagers

will directly benefit from it. Local farmers increase the income by improvement of agricultural

infrastructure, the utilization efficiency of water resources and grain yield and quality and their lands also

can become the high and stable farmland which achieves food security strategy goal of the province and the

country.

Because of these tangible benefits, 66.1 percent of interviewee said the project is extremely important,

19.7 percent of that expressed it more important, 11 percent of the surveyed households think it is general.

In addition, 79.4 percent of the households interviewed have strongest willingness to implement the project

25

in the village, 14.5 percent of the respondents have stronger willing to implement the project in the village,

1.5 percent of the respondents have an attitude of general. Residents of project area accept the

comprehensive agricultural development project actively, thus the project implementation can be supported

strongly by the local residents.

3.1.2 Reduction of the irrigation cost

In addition to improvement of the irrigation conditions, irrigation costs can also be reduced. The

current irrigation facilities, most of which were done before production responsibility system, are very old,

lower standard, and aging. Like the problem of channel blocking, which cause the water flow slowly, and

the serious water leakage, these problems will be solved after the irrigation infrastructure improvement.

And irrigation water consumption and agricultural production cost will be reduced. According to the

introduction of cadres of the project area village, after the implementation of the canal system hardening,

paddy field per acre can save 300 to 400 cubic meters of water and he cost of agricultural production is

saved for farmers.

For the whole basin, the same amount of water can irrigate more farmland which make more

farmlands are high and stable yield. From the macro perspective of the basin, such as the water

consumption reduction of upstream of Hailang River in changing can save more water to supply the

downstream

3.1.3 Increase the economic income

After the project is completed, the income and livelihoods of farmers will be increase. Koreans of the

project area can benefit from improvement of the economic aspect. With construction and perfection of

the drainage system, the yield of crops and the income of farmers will be improved. Grain harvest can be

only bit by bit artificial in the past due to imperfect field road, now labor will be reduced and become more

efficient. Rural labor force will have more opportunities to find a job outside the village. In addition, the

establishment and improvement of irrigation and drainage systems (such as ditches, channels and the

watergate) will reduce the possible contradictions and conflicts. If people have to keep the water day and

night, this will cause the contradiction and conflict between villagers. In the past, many people have fought

each other because of water allocation. The construction and improvement of irrigation and drainage system,

26

improving the relevant institutions, such as the establishment of water user association, will be able to

save labor time and energy, and avoid or reduce the possibility of social contradiction and conflict.

Now women become the main force of agricultural production. Mongolian women will get maximum

benefit from the project. The implementation of the project not only reduces the young women's physical

labor, but also provides more and better opportunities for them to participate in the project. Based on the

field investigation, about 50-70% agricultural labor force is female in the project area. Most married women

often have to stay at home doing housework, raising children and supporting the elderly which makes

women's labor intensity bigger and affects women's physical and mental health. In some rural areas, due to

the low level of mechanization and bad rural infrastructure, when man is forced to go out to work for the

livelihood, women have to independently engage in heavy manual labor. They are easy to break down from

overwork. This project can improve this situation to a large extent.

After the project is implemented, new industries will be boosted which increase employment

opportunities for residents. Emerging industry is an effective way to become rich for the poor in some poor

areas. In the project area a complete system of county, township and village will be formed, which is

integration of agricultural science and technology and plays an important role in demonstration and

promotion. The system service function of the system will be more perfect and effective. The complete

system and perfect function will provide basic conditions for the project area development following the

development of emerging industries. Previously lands only planted rice and soybean can be replanted

vegetable in greenhouses with the improvement of infrastructure and agricultural science and technology.

Facility agriculture such as greenhouses is the upgrade of the traditional agricultural industries. of

land, crop productions in greenhouse are several times than that in a traditional agricultural the same area.

3.1.4 Improvement of community development ability

Finally, the project also helps to improve organization ability of the project area population and the

overall development community capacity. More Korean people will involve in the design, negotiation of

programmer during implementation of the project which improve Korean people to participate in

community affairs enthusiasm and ability. Correspondingly，after the completion of the project, rural water

organizations such as Water User Association (WUA) will be established and improved. WUA makes

Muslims and integrated rural development office, between the Korean people and the Korean people, the

27

Korean people and the Han's coordination more convenient and effective. WUA can not only ensure the

collection of water fee timely and effectively, sustainable use of the water system, but also improve the

ability to integrate the community. Table 3-4 shows the local residents evaluation on the project benefit.

Table 3-4

Local resident evaluation on the project benefit

Data Source: Household sample surveys

3.1.5 Increase the population quality through training and education

Socio-economic survey results show that the labors in the project area are generally low cultural

quality. Education levels of many poor people are not high because of the influence of traditional concepts

and other factors, which limits the rural development. The planting and breeding industry are relatively low

efficiency due to the high cost of irrigation of project area, and labor groups engaged in the planting and

breeding and industry presents three characteristics, low education, femininity and aging because rural

young labors and high educational labors have turned to some non-agricultural industries. It is very difficult

to promote advanced and practical technology and adjust to agricultural structural.

After the implementation of the project, the technical training on planting industry will be increased.

Items The effective sample numbers Numbers Percentage The

effective percentage Security of agricultural production 133 83 60.1 62.4 Increase crop yields 133 77 55.8 57.9 Improvement of the planting structure

133 46 33.3 34.6

Increase farmers' income 133 81 58.7 60.9 Reduction of irrigation costs 133 88 63.8 66.2 Optimization of the allocation of water resources and expansion of planting area

133 27 19.6 20.3

Soil and water conservation, improvement of ecological environment

133 44 31.9 33.1

Contribution to community harmony 133 25 18.1 18.8 Improvement of the quality of project management

133 10 7.2 7.5

Reduction of labor intensity, especially the women, the elderly

133 54 39.1 40.6

Improvement of agricultural technology

133 29 21.0 21.8

Increase employment opportunities 132 26 18.8 19.7 Others 132 1 0.7 0.8

28

The technology content of planting of rice and other crops for farmers will also improved through science

and technology to the countryside and science and technology promotion. At the same time, all kinds

of related training and education will also continue to increase along with the increase of planning and

strength for agricultural structure adjustment. Therefore, the quality of the population will be promoted.

3.2 Potential impacts

1) The potential risk

Many potential risks exist in the project. Firstly, it is a big questions that whether the

project management office can be supported timely by local farmers during project implementation or not.

According to the project planning, a part of the project funds will be supported by local farmers in the form

of labor and capital. Based on previous experience, unanimous consent of all project villages is crucial to

the project executed according to the established plan, which often requires active coordination and

unremitting efforts of participants from relevant country and local Mongolia people. Villagers’ consensus

for the project depends on whether there is a reasonable solution for some relatively poor families’

compensation, and whether relatively less severe negative impact can be dealt with. The second potential

risk is that the construction of project is completed, whether Water User Association (WUA) will be

established during the irrigation system, and also can normal operate after the project. To make WUA

effective operation, local government should strong support. The local social economy and culture should

be considered when WUA is established. In recent years, WUA funded by the World Bank and broad

participation from the local villagers will achieve the targets of sustainable operation of irrigation system

and water saving. To a certain extent, the successful operation of WUA is based on the active participation

and extensive consultation of local villagers. The third potential risk is that there is not enough time to

understand the Peasant Association, agricultural technology or green agricultural products. The

project should give full consideration to local culture of the local villages. Chose Industries by Mongolian

villages should be consistent with their local customs.

3.2.1 The impact of land acquisition

Most of the civil works are focused on improving irrigation and drainage systems and field roads.

Formal land expropriation does not need because of collective ownership of irrigation and drainage

29

channels and road still belonging to the village. After discussing with rural officials and the villagers, such

limited covers an area of quantity can be accepted by villages or village groups or solved through the

village land readjustment. Villagers can benefit from this project, such as improvement of irrigation and

drainage systems, increase of crop average yield, so they support the execution of the project. For the

limited area occupied by construction, as long as the impact slows down through the fair way, it will not

have a long-term impact on the villagers and the affected people also benefit from the project.

3.2.2 The influence of the engineering construction

Concrete construction also will impact on the villagers, including the project covers an area of land

resources, the influence of construction waste water, waste gas and noise on the quality of the environment,

etc. However, most of these adverse effects are local, short-term and reversible, and can be controlled or

eliminated by appropriate environmental protection measures. Night work is prohibited to ensure the

normal life of the local villagers undisturbed. Nation building and the cemetery should be protected in order

to show respect for local customs and cultural traditions. In addition, in order to promote local economic

growth, construction workers should be recruited from the local and the surrounding villages. They can

speak language of local villages and make communication with local residents conveniently.

3.2.3 The potential risk

Many potential risks exist in the project. Firstly, it is a big questions that whether the

project management office can be supported timely by local farmers during project implementation or not.

According to the project planning, a part of the project funds will be supported by local farmers in the form

of labor and capital. Based on previous experience, unanimous consent of all project villages is crucial to

the project executed according to the established plan, which often requires active coordination and

unremitting efforts of participants from relevant country and local Mongolia people. Villagers’ consensus

for the project depends on whether there is a reasonable solution for some relatively poor families’

compensation, and whether relatively less severe negative impact can be dealt with.

The second potential risk is that the construction of project is completed, whether Water User

Association (WUA) will be established during the irrigation system, and also can normal operate after the

project. To make WUA effective operation, local government should strong support. The local social

30

economy and culture should be considered when WUA is established. To a certain extent, the successful

operation of WUA is based on the active participation and extensive consultation of local villagers. The

results of the survey of residents in the project area show that most residents more concerned about the

rising problem of water prices after the development of agricultural infrastructure projects. 34.8% of the

respondents consider that the price of household water is too high. 42% of the respondents think that the

price of household water is a little high, but acceptable. 18.8% of the respondents believe the price of

households water is properly. 45.7% of the interviewed households are willing to pay the price (30-50 Yuan

/ mu) for the irrigation, and think price reasonably. Therefore, in the comprehensive agricultural

development projects, it is ensured that farmers in the project area can get the beneficial effects from the

project, and the inputs agricultural production are not increased which reduce the farmers' burden .

The third potential risk is that there is not enough time to understand the Peasant

Association, agricultural technology or green agricultural products. The project should give full

consideration to local culture of the local villages. Chose Industries by Mongolian villages should be

consistent with their local customs.

3.2.4 Summary

On the basis of the project's benefits and impact analysis, local special Mongolians will not be affected

adversely because their socio-economic conditions and agricultural patterns of them are similar with that of

Han. The majority of Mongolia people live in project villages. As long as their opinions are fully consulted

and considered in the project planning and execution period, their current life style and cultural traditions

can be still sustained and their income and living conditions can be improved. The project does indirectly or

indirectly affects the Mongolia nationality dignity, human rights and culture, and it will not affect all the

natural and cultural resources of the local residents. The project will continue to consult with Mongolian

people and ensure that they (1) receive appropriate socio-cultural and economic benefits, (2) avoid the

adverse impact of the project, (3) participate actively in and affect projects.

31

4. Consultation and participating in process

4.1 Pre-engagement process

Preparation of minority development plans of action is based on activity of public participation, such

as the survey, focus group discussion, interviews of key informant and the seminars of stakeholders. The

public information of these activities is shown in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1

The pre-participation situation of the national minority development plan

Numb

er

Participation t

ype Time Places Participants Notes

1 A household

survey

On Mar.

21 ~ Apr.

25

2

administrati

ve

villages of

project area

200 farmers

Collecting the basic

information about of the

population of minority

groups, land, education,

traditional culture

and planting habits among

the project area.

Know the

attitudes, requirements

and suggestions to the

project.

2 Symposium

On Mar.

21-Apr.

24, June

18

2

administrati

ve villages

of the

project area

65 villagers

(female, 26; the

poor, 24)

Learning the ability to pay

and willingness to

irrigation fee in minority

village, intermarriage,

difference of planting,

participation in social

32

affairs, gender division of

labor, Water User

Associations and other

relevant circumstances.

3 Interviews with key informants

3.1 Village-level

interview

On

Mar.21~A

pr. 24

2 administrative

villages of the

project area

directors of

Chao’er,

Wangfu

village

Understanding

composition of minority

in the village, education,

cultivation, migrant

workers, gender division

of labor, irrigation,

WUA, incentive measure

to the poor groups and

other relevant

circumstances.

3.2 County level

interview

On May

13~May

19

Poverty Relief

Office of Dumeng

county , National

Bureau of religious

affairs, women's

Federation, the

Office of Civil

administration

Bureau

Director of

Poverty

Relief Office

and the

Religious

Affairs,

Minister of

Women's

Federation,

the chief of

civil

administratio

n bureau

Understanding poverty of

Dumeng County and the

project area, implemented

poverty reduction

measures, the

characteristics and

religious belief of

minorities, the impact of

the project on ethnic

minorities; status of

women development in

Dumeng County and

project county, support

33

and development policies

for women in the project;

minimum living standard

and policies for

vulnerable groups during

the implementation of the

project in Dumeng

County.

4 Stakeholder workshops

4.1 County seminar

On Mar.

26, June

10

Water

Conservatio

n Bureau

(WCB) of

Dumeng

county

PMO of Dumeng,

WCB, Women's

Federation, Farm

Bureau, Poverty

Alleviation Office,

Ethnic Affairs

Commission, the

Civil Affairs

Bureau, Land

Bureau,

Development and

Reform Bureau;

Design department

Encouraging to participate

in the project design and

implementation,

communicating with each

department and seeking

the comments and

suggestions for "Minority

development Plan of

Action"

4.2 Township

workshop

On March

24, June

18

The

government

of

Bayanchaga

n township

Project Office of

Dumeng County ，

the township

government, leader

s of township

government ,

Communicating with

the relevant departments

of the "Dumeng County

about the “development

action plan of minority in

Chagan village Bayan ” ,

34

director of the

Agricultural

Technology

Extension

Station, Economic

Management

Station, and

village committee

understanding currently

implementing various

projects in the irrigation

district ; discussing the

similarities and

differences

between Mongolia group

with the Han culture and

economy.

4.3 village-level

seminar

On Mar.

21

The council

of Chao’er

village

18 persons, Wang

Hong tao (Deputy

head of

Bayanchagan

Town ), Wang

Guoqiang (director

of Chao’er village )

and villagers

Understanding the

project's potential impact

on the village, villagers’

the attitudes to the

project, the population,

land, agriculture,

irrigation and

employment situation of

villages

Socio-economic household survey. On March 21-24, 2011, consulting experts and team of social and

economic investigation do 200 household surveys in two administrative villages of the project area. The

survey aims to know the basic information about the minority population, land and education, traditional

culture and planting habits of project area, and the attitudes, requirements and suggestions to the project.

Focus group discussion. On March 21, 2011-24, on May 18, the 6 symposiums are held within two

administrative villages of the project area by consultants, and the representatives include different minority

groups, women and poverty. Mainly aims are to understand the relevant statuses about the ability and

willingness to pay for the irrigation fees, planting differences, participation in social affairs, gender division

of labor, water user associations and others.

Interviews with key informants. In prepared phase of the project, consultants and team of

socio-economic aspects investigation interview with two key informants. On March 21-24, 2011, two

35

village directors of Bayanchagan township are interviewed, through which the minority component,

education, cultivation, migrant workers, gender division of labor, irrigation, water users associations,

incentives for the poor and other relevant circumstances are mainly known.

On May 13 -19, 2011, with the help of PMO of County, consulting experts visited the Poverty

Alleviation Office of Dorbet County, Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs, Women's Federation and the

Civil Affairs Bureau and other departments. Poverty, the development of ethnic minorities and women, and

development and the implementation of rural minimum living standards are known in Dorbet County and

the project area; and the relevant policies of various departments and project implementation are

understood.

Stakeholder Seminars. Preparing stage of the project, consulting experts held stakeholder seminars in

the county, township, and village. Stakeholders are encouraged to involve in the design and implementation

of project, to understand the potential impacts of the project and the measures to avoid risks, and to

communicate with departments and inquiry the comments and suggestions for minority development action

plan.

4.2 Post-participating plan

For the local minority groups getting the maximum benefits from the implementation of the this

project and avoiding the potential risks that may exist, it is necessary to take various measures to ensure

participation of local affected minority groups during the implementation of the project as well as operation.

1. During the construction project process, 40% of non-technical jobs positions should be supplied to

minority women in the project area as well as the poor, and noise pollution should be tried to avoid.

Construction workers should respect the culture and living habits of local minorities.

2. During project operation, committee of project coordination and management is set up to participate

in the management and coordinate project construction. There are some representatives of the women, and

the minority in the committee. The needs and characteristics of different minorities groups, women should

be considered in the process of various technical and market awareness training. The way, methods and

time of training are flexible, so that more groups can be benefited. Vital measures are taken to try to avoid

the channel through the village which brings security problems for the local children.

36

4.3 Appeal procedures

In the stage of project implementation, the appeals from people in project regions are easy to be reported to community organizations, related county governments or agriculture comprehensive development offices administrated by county (city). Villagers could take various means to make appeal. For instance, they can appeal to villagers committee and they can get help from the staff in the committee to solve their problems in due time. If the villagers are not satisfied with the responses or decisions, they can further report their problems to the project teams of the town governments. If the explanations or decisions of the Town Governments are still unsatisfactory, the villagers can further report the problems to the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Offices of the county (city) level governments. The formal appeal process is as follow:

(1) If people living in the subproject region have been under adverse impacts, they can handle their appeals or oral complains to the village committees or the village-level project team or the town-level project team. If it is an oral complain, the officers of the related organization will record it and give a reply within 15 days.

(2) If certain person are not satisfied with the decision made by the related organizations, he/she can handle the problem to the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the county (city) level government within a month after he/she gets the reply. The Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the county (city) level government should give a reply within 15 days.

(3) If the person is still not satisfied with decision made by the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the county (city) level government, he/she can handle the problem to the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the province-level government within a month, after he/she gets the reply. The Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the province-level government should give a reply within 15 days.

(4) If he/she is still unsatisfied, he/she can appeal to the local court according to the process of the administrative law within 15 days after he/she receives the decision made by the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the provincial government.

5 Plan of action

A participatory strategy that ethnic minorities take part in preparation, implementation and operation of

project is adopted, and ethnic minorities benefit from the project. That is to say, the action plan is based on

all stakeholders participating in consultations of project together. The impact of the project on ethnic

minorities, measures, the target population, relevant agencies, time, funding and monitoring indicators can

be seen in attachment, Development Plan of Action for ethnic minorities in Chao’er district, Bayanchagan

Township.

37

5.1 Strengthen the measures of positive benefits for the project

5.1.1 Increase revenue by improving irrigation conditions

The yield of rice (120 kg/ mu) is increased by adequate irrigation in paddy field through the

improvement of irrigation conditions, raising irrigation water flow, reduction of water seepage, and the

incomes of farmers are improved. Good irrigation and new land of the project area provide excellent

conditions for the adjustment of agricultural structure, increase of minority people's income and

improvement of the living conditions.

5.1.2 Reduce the burden of farmers by decreasing the agricultural investment

After the implementation of the project, water rate for farmers is greatly reduced because the channel

structures are reconstructed which improves the irrigation ability, reduces the waste of water resources,

saves water resources, ensures the irrigation, reduces water consumption and the cost of water. Even so,

water rate of irrigation is still a portion of burdens for some poor groups and families. The spending for

irrigation water will be reduced after the implementation of the project through consultation and

communication with all stakeholders, and the vast majority of people can afford. If a few poor families have

difficulty to pay for irrigation fee, the committees of town and village will take measures to relieve their

irrigation fee.

5.1.3 Improve the population quality of ethnic minority by all kinds of training and

education

All kinds of training will be introduced In the process of project implementation, which will give

ethnic minorities some chance to participate in the project development and increase their benefit from the

project. These trainings include as follows:

(1) The training of irrigation management and awareness of water-saving is conducted. The training

will popularize the measures and method of water-saving, improve the water-saving consciousness of the

masses in project area. So, the water resource will be saved and the benefits of the project will be

developed.

38

(2)Crops planting, field management and plant disease and pests control will be trained using the

training funds of relevant department according to the planning of agricultural adjustment and the planting

requirement of local ethnic minority people. Furthermore, market awareness is learned and propagated. The

population quality of the minority is improve through education and training, thus people get more benefits

from the project.

5.2 The measures of reducing potential risks

5.2.1 Reduce the occupation of cultivated land

Construction engineering is mainly concentrated in the upgrading of irrigation and drainage system

and improvement of roads which are reconstructed on the basis of the worn irrigation system and roads and

try to reduce the occupation of farmland. As long as the impacts of project can slow down by fair means, it

will not have long-term impact on the villagers which can have benefited from the project in the limited

construction area.

5.2.2 The influence of engineering construction

When the farmers do not use water, the construction engineering begins and the channels are

reconstructed, which ensures not to affect the normal production of the farmers. Road building projects will

start after fertilization and weeding. Therefore, agricultural production is not affected. And large

mechanical equipments are used after the farmers go out work during the period of construction. The noise

will not affect the farmers' normal life.

5.2.3 Ensuring personal safety

Construction units strengthen the safety awareness and safety education of construction

personnel and the staffs are insured. Local children's personal safety is maybe threatened when

some irrigation canals are through the village. There are some suggestions as follows:

(1) Warning signs should be set in some dangerous area of villages.

(2) Safety awareness of public should be increased, especially for the women because they

bear primary responsibility for children’s education.

39

(3) Safety education should be spread at schools.

5.3 Capital budget

The funding will be provided by the local government or the project through many measures. The

measure of every budget is shown in Table 5-1. All kinds of budgets will be adjusted according to needs in

the future because the project designs are still not completed.

Table 5-1

Strengthening measures

Measures Targets / Indicators Beneficiaries Budget

(RMB)

Sources of

funding Time

Reconstruction of

Agricultural

Infrastructure in

project villages

Improvement of

agricultural

infrastructure, including

110000 acres of the

project area of the

irrigation and

drainage channels and

rural roads

6579 persons

of two

villages,

including

3136

Mongolian

25.33

million,

included in

the project

budget

Project

management

office of

Dumeng

county

2011 to

2015

The guidance of

agricultural technol

ogy

and non-agricultural

skills

Training for new

agricultural technology

and

new forestry technology ,

and other skills

3495farmers

of two

villages,

including

1370 Mongol

ian

50000 , incl

uded in the

project

budget

Project

management

office of

Dumeng

county

2011 to

2015

Training WUA Management of water

and irrigation system

3495farmers

of two

villages,

including

10000, incl

uded in the

project

budget

Project

Management

Office of

Dumeng

2011 to

2015

40

1370 Mongol

ian

County

6 Monitoring and assessment

Monitoring and assessment of the development plan for minority are drawn up to ensure that

the scheme can perform and attain a desired goal reasonably. Monitoring and evaluation report will be made

before project implementation by project management office of Dumeng County with the help of the Asian

Development Bank. The targets of monitoring and evaluation are as follows:

∙ Data and information are collected to determine the impact. And other qualitative materials are

gotten to describe and poverty, social changes of minority in their communities.

∙Analyzing and recording the results of future planning interventions for road reconstruction and

poverty reduction.

∙Making the plan of preliminary participation in the program and executing the supplementary

activities.

∙ Researching the key activities and procedures of the project mainly, and popularizing them in other

areas.

The main data are collected at least, if necessarily, they are classified according to gender and

ethnicity. Some specific indicators for implementation of development plan for minority are shown in

previous form. Some very important evaluation indexes are shown below:

∙ Target output value of the village

∙ Per capita income;

∙ Poverty rate;

∙ Asset ownership of project village;

∙ New trade activities along the riverside;

∙ Changing reason of water quality and the health status of the people in project village;

∙ New or constructing buildings of projects township;

∙ The frequence of technology training of road construction project and social economy guidance in

project villages;

∙ The enrollment and dropout rates of people of township project according to the different grade,

41

gender and ethnicity.

The above problems are not applicable to any case. Some problems only involved affected villages in

the project area, and some questions only apply into completed flood control engineering. The survey

before the construction should be carried out near the villages of the project area, and the scheme and the

expected benefit from other priority of development activities should and be discussed.

42

Annex Annex 1: Minority policy framework

Table 1 Policy framework for the ethnic minorities in China and Heilongjiang province

Category Name of the main policies and regulations

The main content of the policy

China's relevant laws and regulations and the relevant regulations in Heilongjiang province

National laws and regulations:

Constitution of the People's Republic of China,

Law of the People's Republic of China on regional national autonomy ,

Organic law of the villagers’committees of the People's Republic of China,

regulations on the clerical work of nationality township of the People’s Republic of China,

Minority business of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan,

（1）National autonomous areas in addition to enjoy the equal power of local governments, autonomous local authority also enjoy the following rights: autonomous legislative power; Autonomous local political affairs, the local economy, financial affairs, science, education and cultural affairs, such as the component of the local public security forces, use and development of ethnic minority languages, etc.

（2）The citizens of the People’s Republic of China enjoy freedom of religious belief, national and organs of self-government of national autonomous areas ensure citizens have freedom of religious belief.

（3）National administration regulations are formulated to promote the development of township economy, culture, etc, protect the legitimate rights of ethnic minorities, and strengthen the national unity.

（4）In addition to the persons deprived of political rights, the villagers over the age of eighteen, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status, living period, have the right to vote and the right to be elected.

（5）Countries help all the minority nationalities to accelerate the development of economic

43

Relevant regulations in Heilongjiang province： Regulations on the urban ethnic work of Heilongjiang province,

Regulations on the

nationality townships of

Heilongjiang province,

Regulations on the nationality education of Heilongjiang province

construction and cultural construction, etc , from the aspects of financial, material, technology.

（6） Adhere to the principle of equality of all national languages, protection of all ethnic have the freedom to use and develop their own language, advocate and encourage all ethnic to learn language with each other.

National supports policy The development planning of supporting the ethnic groups with small populations(2005-2010)

(1) In the 55 ethnic minorities, support the 22 national under 100000 population , Including the Salar nationality. The duration of the plan for 2005-2010.

(2) Development goals: through five years of efforts, to make the infrastructure of less population nationalities inhabit administrative villages be obviously improved.To effectively solve the masses of problems existing in the production and living, and basically solve the existing problem of food and clothing of the poor,economic and social development level basically reached the local medium or above level. after a period of hard work, make the population less nationalities reach the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

(3)Main task: to strengthen the construction of infrastructure, improve production and living conditions, key construction, human and animal drinking water project, transportation project, electricity, radio and television telephone projects, housing projects, the lack of basic farmland(pasture) construction project ,make the farmers and herdsmen who are lack of living conditions for ecological migration; Adjust the economic structure, develop characteristic

44

industry, promote the masses' income; Develop science and technology, education, health, culture and other social undertakings, to promote social progress; Strengthen training, improve the quality of the population

(4)Policies and measures: we will strengthening the support for the infrastructure construction, strengthening the support of financial funds, credit funds, strengthening the support for social undertakings, personnel training, and assistance to oriented area.

Several opinions of the State Council on further promotion of the old northeast industrial base

①Vigorously develop modern agriculture. Northeast China have advantageous conditions with development of modern agriculture. Around to improve land productivity, resource utilization, and the labor productivity, to study and formulate policy and measures to accelerate the development of modern agriculture in northeast China.Combined with the implementation of the national by 100 billion tons of grain production capacity planning, Strengthen construction of ability of grain production in northeast China to form stable strategy of national food base. Increase the intensity of high science and technology project of grain, vigorously promote new technology of high yield and good quality, reduce cost efficiency.Optimize the structure of agricultural machinery, improve the level of agricultural mechanization.Intensify the building of farm trailer and tractor road.Strengthen agricultural foreign cooperation in northeast China,support conditional enterprises engage in the development of agricultural cooperation with the surrounding countries and regions.

②Strengthen the construction of agricultural and rural basic conditions.Carry out, with emphasis on the water conservancy construction of agricultural infrastructure,and with water, electricity, road, air, etc as the key point of rural infrastructure construction. Promote Nen River draw into white River, sanjiang plain irrigation area, Nierji reservoir downstream irrigation and water conservancy hub and ChaoLe downstream irrigation area, Daan irrigation area, large irrigation and drainage pumping station renovation and other major water conservancy project

45

construction, Speed up the implementation of dilapidated reservoirs and consolidate, water-saving irrigation demonstration and small irrigation and water conservancy project. Implementation farmer science special grain storage, promote science and technology of grain storage, support the development of several new grain storage and circulation mode, such as the food bank. Promote agricultural informatization, establish and perfect the agricultural science and technology support and social service system, improve service levels. Balance urban and rural development, combined with new socialist countryside construction, speed up the development of small towns and central village, improving production conditions and living conditions of rural residents. Speed up the solution to the problem of rural drinking water safety. Cancel the capital allocation of counties and county (below) money of rural public welfare construction project .

Regional development planning

The eleventh five-year plan of the national economic and social development in Heilongjiang province, the eleventh five-year plan of the national economic and social development in Dumeng county,the water conservancy planning for poverty alleviation in 2001-2010 in Heilongjiang province, the “eleventh five-year”water conservancy development plan in heilongjiang province.

The adb's ethnic policy The adb's ethnic policy mainly aim to ensure that ethnic groups can participate in and benefit from the development projects. The main policy include:

(1) National minority people's socioeconomic status and quality of life is usually lower than the mainstream population.While fully recognise the sovereignty of loan countries, think it is the responsibility of the Asian development bank to guarantee:

the equal opportunity of ethnic minorities, as well as its action and aid to developing countries will not make a negative impact on culture, life and interests of ethnic minorities.

The adb assistance program is likely to have the potential adverse impact on the ethnic minorities of the location of the project .

46

（2）Ethnic minority development plan should describe the social and economic characteristics of the project affect ethnic minorities, make sure the project for them including positive and negative aspects of the significant influence,and shuold consider to modify the project design in order to minimize negative influence,or take measures to prevent or reduce the negative influence to strengthen the benefits of the project for minority nationalities. Ethnic minority development plan should include the implementation and monitoring and evaluation program.

47

Annex 2：Being implemented minority projects in the project area

Table 2 Being implemented minority projects in the project area

Project name Organization Time Funding Source Item

The demonstration project of high-yielding rice

Agricultural technology promotion center of

Dumeng county 2009 to 2010 National technical department Annual funding for 50,000 yuan

Sunlight Project Bureau of social security

of Dumeng county Since 2004

National and provincial financial department

Annual funding for 30,000 yuan

The whole village project

Poverty alleviation office of Dumeng county

2000 to 2010 National anti-poverty funds

Support 18 villages,annual funding for 600,000 yuan

Aid project Support 6 leading enterprises

Spring Bud Plan Practical technical training, annual funding for

100,000 yuan

Safe drinking water project Since 2006 Provincial Special funds

Small farmland irrigation project,

Since 2007 Provincial Special funds

Primary and secondary school construction project

Education department of Dumeng county

2009 to 2010 Provincial financial department Invest 800,000 yuan

Business loan project Financial department of

Dumeng county Since 2007 Provincial financial department Total loans more than 4 million yuan

48

Planting technical training project

Since 2000 Ministry of Agriculture Annual funding for 200,000 yuan, rice, corn , vegetables and other planting and pest control

Cadre training project

Training school of Dumeng county

Since 2007 Provincial financial department The main training for the village director

Science and technology project

Technology department of Dumeng county

Provincial financial department The total funding is more than 1,000,000 yuan

World Bank Loan Project Agriculture development office of Dumeng county

2006 to 2011 World bank The total investment is 6,000,000 yuan

Paddy water-saving irrigation projects

2007 to 2010 Provincial financial department The total investment is 2,000,000 yuan

49

Annex 3：Symposium record in Chao’er irrigation projects

Table 3 Symposium situation

No. Time Places Participants

1 March 21, 2011 Chao’er village 9 Mongolian families（2 poors,4 females,1 male）、staff、Socio-economic survey team

2 March 22, 2011 Chao’er village 110 Mongolian families（25 poors,50 females,35 males）、staff、Socio-economic survey team

3 March 23, 2011 Wangfu village 45 Mongolian families（12 poors,20 females, 13 males）、staff、Socio-economic survey team

4 March 24, 2011 Chao’er village 15 Mongolian families（4 poors, 7 females,4 males）、staff、Socio-economic survey team

5 March 24, 2011 Wangfu village 6 Mongolian families（2 poors, 3 females, 1male）、staff、Socio-economic survey team

6 May 18,2011 Bayanchagan village 25 villagers（7 females, 8 poors，5 village cadres, 5 country cadres，）、staff、experts

SYMPOSIUM RECORD POINTS

（1）The national merge 1）Intermarriage in other ethnic groups. 2）Adjust plant structure and increase income. （2）Irrigation 1）The high cost of irrigation water. 2）If the villagers conflict by the order of irrigation,the village committee will mediate. 3）No ethnic disputes. 4）People are looking forward to the Chao’er irrigation channels. （3） Education 1）Mongolian girls can go to school , but generally only up to the junior school. 20 -year-old girls to be

married, if they have been to school, when they graduate,it is difficult to find boyfriends. 2）Most of them are junior school , very few college , but do not go to school very little.

3）They think that learning can not let them get a good job , and this is the reason they are not on a high school .

（4） Plant All ethnic groups are basically the same in cultivation , because production conditions are almost the

same. （5） Gender 1）division of labor：women not only do housework, care for kith and kin , but also do some field work ,

such as farming, weeding , irrigation , harvesting. Heavy work is usually done by men , such as plowing and harvesting .

2）public affairs：Men usually attend village meetings , if the husband is not in , women instead, but they will not speak. They will not participate in other organizations , because men are in charge of all things . There is no time and a lot of housework to do for women,they think spotlight bad .

50

Annex 4:The project of the national minority development plan

Table 4 The project of the national minority development plan

Suggestion Target groups

Implementing agency Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index

A． Improvement of irrigation systems(including civil works)

1.Increase irrigated area and income

a.Improve irrigated area

b. Adjust agricultural structure

1 country, 2 administrative villages, a total population of 6579 people ，3495 agricultural labor.3136 mongolians, 47% of the total population.

The project office of Dumeng county 、the township government、the village

2010 to 2015

a. i）Improving 43000 mu irrigation area ii）Small farmland irrigation projects b. i) Adjust agricultural planting structure,the planting proportion range from 40:35(in 2007) to 60:20(in 2020).

ii)The whole village project

iii) concentrated plant project

a. Project fundings b.

i) Agricultural extension fundings

ii) National special aid-the-poor funds、provisional financial funds

c. Land consolidation funds

a. The number of acres improving irrigation area

b.The proportion of Industrial restructuring

c. Increase income，Particularly vulnerable groups ( including women and the poor）

2.Reduce the burden of farmers by decreasing the agricultural investment

a. Save water consumption and reduce the cost of water.

b.Save the cost of cleaning

1 country, 2 administrative villages, a total population of 6579 people ，3495 agricultural labor.3136 mongolians, 47% of the total population.

The project office of Dumeng county 、the township government、the village

2010 to 2015

a.Saving water 51,000 yuan per year, reducing the cost of water 3 yuan per mu. b. Improving irrigation，saving the cost of cleaning.

a. Project fundings

b. Project funding and local government financial funds

a. The irrigation cost of per acre

b. Farmers reduced such spending

3.Increase employment opportunities

a.The affected people get priority non-technical positions.

548 people，270 people of females and poor groups

A The project office of Dumeng county 、the township government、the

2010 to 2015

a. Provide 390 non-technical jobs during the construction b.Provide 270 non-technical jobs for women and poors during the construction

a.b: Project fundings

a. The proportion of the population in non-technical jobs

b. The employment of the vulnerable groups

51

Suggestion Target groups

Implementing agency Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index

b.Ensure that 40% of non-technical jobs provide for poor groups and women priority

village

in non-technical jobs

4. Ensuring personal safety

a. Personal safety and insurance of workers in the construction

b. Set warning signs

c. Increase safety awareness campaigns , particularly for women and the elderly

d. Safety education in schools.

children in project area

a. Construction unit

b. The project office of Dumeng county 、the township government、the village

2010 to 2015

a.The construction unit ensures construction workers’ personal insurance or disability insurance

b. Set the security warning signs or fences in higher risk channels.

c. The township governments and village committees in charge of the project , and carry out safety Education 2-3 times each year in each project village .

d.Carry out safety education 2-3 times each semester in primary and secondary schools in the project area .

a.b. Project fundings

c.d. local government financial funds

a. Safeguards of construction unit；

b.Records；Measures of safety warning

c.Manners of safety warning/ participants

d.Measures of safety warning in school

5. Reduce the risk of demolition

a. Try to avoid land acquisition

b. Provide full compensation for the affected people

c. Maintaining the architectural style of ethnic minorities in reconstruction

resettlements

a. Design Institute、agency for resettlements

b.The project offices、the township government、the villager Committee

c. The project office of Dumeng county、

2010 to 2015

a.Design units, PMO and resettlement planning unit should discuss about together changing project design and reducing land acquisition b. Housing covering compensation at replacement cost；Trunk and branch canals covering compensation at permanent land price c.Relocatees can build traditional-style house according to their own wishes.

Funds for resttlements See resettlement plan

6. Ensure the normal life of chanal nearby a. construction 2010 a. Village leaders education the Environmental a.The records between

52

Suggestion Target groups

Implementing agency Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index

the local villagers undisturbed

a. Respect for local customs and cultural traditions

b. low noise construction processes and technologies

c. Night work is prohibited

d. Strict compliance with noise standards

e. Set tooting signs

residents unit、the township government of Bayanchagan、the village

b. Design institute、construction unit

c.d：construction unit、The project office of Dumeng county e:EPA of Dumeng county、The project office of Dumeng county

to 2015

construction units ethnic cultural and customs practices before the construction.

b.c.d.e: Education construction personnel environmental protection laws and regulations, etc；

Regular watering, prevent dust pollution , control environmental quality in the construction area；

Control of construction sites and road traffic noise，reduce the impact of noise on the surrounding villagers and construction workers；

Regular cleaning of garbage, prohibit littering and emissions

management funds

construction units and the local people

b. The low-noise technology and techniques during the construction

c. The number of nighttime construction

d. Noise standards during construction

e. set tooting signs

7. Keep the traffic flowing

a. Ensure communication with the owners of the units , public participation

b. Stamped on the field channels , and set up the sidewalk for agricultural vehicles

1 country, 2 administrative villages,3622 people

a.Design The project office of Dumeng county 、the township government、the villager Committee

b Design institute、construction unit

2010 to 2015

a. Design units , construction units, PMO , relevant agencies, different groups ( gender, ethnicity, income ) hold the forum no less than three times each year；The main content of the design scheme should be announced to the public.

b. Arrange 5 axles.

a.b. Project fundings

a. The number of public participation

b. Measures of agricultural vehicles out-in the land

B. Participatory Irrigation Management

53

Suggestion Target groups

Implementing agency Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index

8. Sustainable irrigation risk

a. Adequate operating and administrative expenses

b. Reduce water dispute

1 country, 2 administrative villages, a total population of 6579 people ，3495 agricultural labor.3136 mongolians, 47% of the total population.

a. Financial bureau、Water Conservation Bureau

b.c：the township government、the villager Committee

2010 to 2015

a. County financial pay for the water fees and daily expenses of Bayanchagan rural；Operation and maintenance costs are included in the county financial budget , and the rest paid by farmers.

b. Government and village leaders should strengthen water management mechanism, improve the standard of water management , reduce dispute.

water fees

a.The sources of operating and administrative expenses

b. Water disputes records and processing records

9. Train women on security awareness and water-saving awareness

a. Security awareness

b. Water-saving awareness

948 females

a. b：Water Conservation Bureau、Women's Federation、Employ service Management bureau、agriculture bureau，the township government、the villager Committee

2010 to 2015

a. Carried out personal safety education each year 1-2 times in each project village.

b.Carried out water-saving awareness training annually 1-2 times in each project village；Organize farmers to participate in the field study of water-saving methods of learning activities two times / Water Saving Week promotional activities

funds for participatory irrigation management / Training costs and promotional expenses

a.The number of training in country b. The number of training and study

C. Support irrigated agriculture

10. Increase the population quality through training and education

a. Irrigation management

b. Crop planting and management

3622 people， 1493 agricultural labor.

a. Water Conservation Bureau (WCB) of Dumeng county

b. agriculture burea

c. agriculture

2010 to 2015

a. Crop field trials and demonstration six times，Farmer field study 62 times；Irrigation management training 49 times.

b. Crop field trials and demonstration six times，farmer field study 62 times；economic crop field trials and

a.b.c funds for participatory irrigation management / technical training project funding /Agricultural technology promotion funds

a.The number of trips and participation in irrigation management training b．c.The number of

54

Suggestion Target groups

Implementing agency Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index

c. Awareness of the market ( including the operation of the market and risk awareness )

d．Water-saving awareness

burea、Employ service Management bureau、Technology Bureau

d. Water Conservation Bureau of Dumeng county

demonstration six times，farmer field study 62 time/ crop cultivation and management training 49 times / planting technical training programs

c.Carry out market knowledge training for people work in association of organic rice and other professional agricultural cooperatives (FPAs) 20 times.

d.According to training programs, conduct special training 49 times.

d. promotional expenses trips and participation in Economic crop technology and management techniques d. Water-saving publicity

11. Farm crops risk

a. Agricultural Technology Promotion

b. Agricultural cooperatives（FPAs）

c. Improve awareness of agricultural natural disaster insurance, expand the proportion of insurance

d. Provide timely market information

e. Attract venture

f. Pest control

1 country, 2 administrative villages, a total population of 6579 people ，3495 agricultural labor.3136 mongolians, 47% of the total population.

a. agriculture burea

b.d.Agriculture burea，the township government、the villager Committee

c.e Technology Bureau、Labour Bureau，the township government、the villager Committee

f.Agriculture burea、Agricultural Technology Promotion Center、Forestry bureau

2010 to 2015

a.Carry out agricultural professional technical training four times for officials and farmers.

b.d.Play the role of agricultural cooperatives (FPAs) and provide agricultural market information to farmers.

c.Attract people back country venture by expanding the area of arable land , reducing the cost of irrigation , adjusting the structure of planting, improving agricultural income.

f.Agricultural Technology Promotion Center , Agriculture , Forestry Bureau provide the knowledge and training of pest prevention to farmers timely , four times each year, Technology bureau, agriculture bureau, forestry bureau and other departments send technicians to guide farmers to carry out pest and disease

a. b. d Funds professional and technical associations of farmers

/ Agricultural technology promotion funds

c. e. f local government financial funds/ technical training project funding /funds for pest control.

a.The number of agricultural professional and technical associations training for officials and farmers b.d.the way of providing agricultural market information c.e. The proportion of insurance，the labor number of back hometowns

f.The number of pest control training

55

Suggestion Target groups

Implementing agency Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index

prevention activities 1-2 times.

12. Train women on planting techniques and labor skill

a. Take into account the needs of women

b. Appropriate time and method

c. Language training

948 females

a.b.c：Women's Federation、agriculture burea、Employ service Management bureau、Technology Bureau、the Religious Affairs，the township government、the villager Committee

2010 to 2015

a.Women of all participants in the training program are not less than 50%..

b. Training should consider women's time and education ,by easily acceptable form and minority languages , etc.

c.Taking language training by Chinese and Mongolian in the ethnic areas, or arrange translators in the training.

funds for participatory irrigation management / Agricultural technology promotion funds / technical training project funding.

a.The number of women

b.Time and manner

c.Language

13. Strengthen women's market awareness and language

a. Ensure women participate in agricultural cooperatives（FPAs）

b. Take into account the needs of women

c.train women on market awareness in appropriate time and method

d. Improve the ability to communicate with others by mandarin training

948 females

a. Agriculture burea

b.c.d. Employ service Management bureau、agriculture burea、Forestry bureau、Animal husbandry bureau、Technology bureau、Women's Federation、Supply and Marketing Cooperative

2010 to 2015

a. The proportion of women is not less than 30% in agricultural cooperatives .

b. The proportion of women is not less than 30% in market awareness training.

c. Training should consider women's time and education ,by easily acceptable form and minority languages , etc

d.Mandarin training is included in the training program.

Funds for participatory irrigation management / technical training project funding.

a.The number of women

b.The measures of Market aware ness training in gender-sensitive

c. Training’s time and manner

d.Mandarin training

14. Lack of industrial restructuring costs

the poor groups and

a. Financial bureau、Poverty

a.Provide special microcredit for poor groups and women by taking

a. The government discount loans；rural

a.The number of microfinance(including

56

Suggestion Target groups

Implementing agency Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index

a. Microcredit to poor minority families and women

b. Support the agricultural products processing enterprises

c. Special subsidies for large-scale cultivation of agriculture.

females in project area

Alleviation Office、Women's Federation

b. Financial bureau 、 agricultural bureau and commercial office of Dumeng county、Poverty Alleviation Office，relevant financial institutions

c. Financial bureau and agricultural bureau of Dumeng county，the township government、the villager Committee

2010 to 2015

government discount loans measures.

b. Industrialization poverty alleviation project.

c. Agricultural technology promotion projects / Science and technology promotion projects/concentrated plant projects .

credit loans.

b.National and provisional poverty alleviation funds.

c. Agricultural technology promotion funds

/ Science and technology project funding / concentrated plant project funds.

minority groups and women)

b.The number of enterprise c.The special subsidies and households in features large-scale cultivation of agriculture

D. Organizational capacity development

15. Promote women's participation in the project

a. Take into account the needs and suggestion of women

b. Ensure that 40% of non-technical jobs provide for poor groups and women priority

c. Encourage women to

948 females

a.b.c.Design institute,Women's Federation, construction unit

d. Water user association，Poverty Alleviation Office,WCB of Dumeng county、Women's

2010 to 2015

a. Ask for the views and suggestions of women , women’s representatives and organizations should have participated in the meeting.

b. c.40% of non-technical jobs provide for poor groups and women priority during the construction.

a.b：Project fundings.

c.d：Funds for participatory irrigation management.

a.The number of women held a symposium and proposals

b. Women's employment in the non- technical positions

c.The number of

57

Suggestion Target groups

Implementing agency Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index

provide catering , hairdressing and other services during the construction ,create jobs

Federation of Dumeng county

e. Land Bureau of Dumeng county，Design The project office of Dumeng county 、the township government、the villager Committee

women work in industry

58

Annex 5: Outline of monitoring and evaluation

Table 5 Project development plan outline of monitoring and evaluation of ethnic minorities

Monitoring method Monitoring content Monitoring and

evaluation mechanism

Monitoring period and report

① Monitoring and evaluation is obtained by using the method of the field investigation, sampling investigation,calculation analysis，and combine with experts comprehensive evaluation

②The field investigation is in the way of link work at selected spots with that in entire areas ,and completely investigate the progress of the implementation of ethnic minority development plan, fund implementation, effect, organization and management and so on situation.

③Conduct sampling survey with the family of project influence area and benefit area(especially the project influence area family and the minority family),Sampling survey using the method of classification of random sampling,doing fixed point tracking of typical sample family of ethnic minorities

④ Each sampling

During the period of ethnic minority development plan implementation,the external monitor do regular monitoring once a year.The main monitoring of the following activities:

①Is the right that ethnic minorities and ethnic minority equally take part in the project guaranteed?

②Minority language, cultural rights are respected?

③According to the requirements of MEGDP local projects do what specific measures? How is the effect of these measures?

④How is the evaluaion of Ethnic minorities and ethnic minority for these measures?

⑤What is the specific evaluation of

The project department is responsible for the internal monitoring ; External monitoring is by the project department entrusted with qualification of independent monitoring and evaluation institutions.

Dumeng project department will be responsible for monitoring the cost of the assessment.

Every six months the internal monitoring and evaluation report submitted to the Asian development bank by project unit；External monitoring report each year submitted to the Asian development bank by the independent monitoring and evaluation of institutions．Specific external monitoring assessment cycle is as follows:

1)In April 2009 ~ July 2009 the first phase of the monitoring and evaluation report (basal survey);

2)In April 2010 to July 2010 The second phase of the monitoring and evaluation report;

3)In April 2011 to July 2011 The third phase of monitoring and evaluation report．

59

proportion is no less than 20% of the project affected population,the proportion of ethnic minority family shall not be less than 50% of the sample households,In order to collect related information, and fill in impact form and compared with the data of ethnic minority development plan ，need to do social economy investigation and immigration survey.

⑤In addition to the written materials, pay attention to collect pictures, audio, video, and physical data, creating a database of public participation and results.

subject crowd for these measures?

⑥Is there a MEGDP monitoring and evaluation mechanism? Whether effective?

60