NEWSPAPER VOL. 5 NO.2

Potawatomi Week

SCH~:DVLEOt'EVENTS

JUNE 18 & 19:Fasl Pilch Tournament, Lions Cluh

Park, Shawnee.

JUNE 20:Fire Lighling, Pow-Wow Grounds.

JUNE 23:Fashion Show. 12 Noon. Long Room.

Tribal Complex. Fife Collectionmodeled.

JUNE 24:POW-WOW Opening Ceremony, 7

p.m., Pow-Wow Grounds.Pow-Wow officially hegins.

JUNE 25:JIM THORPE APPRECIATION DAY10:00 a. m. - Parade. Main Sireel.

Shawnee.12:00 - Fry Bread Contesl.2:UO till ., - Dances.Rowling Tournament. Windsor Lanes,

Shawnee. Tournament endsSunday. June 26.

JUNE 26:10:00 a.m. - Non-Denllrninalional

Services.Dancing FinalsParade Prizes

7

PEOPLE OF THE FIRE

Citizen Band of Potawatomi IndiansROUTE 5, BOX lSI - SHAWNEE, OKLAHOMA 74801

THECITIZEN BAND POTAWATOMI

CELEBRATIONAND

ALL-NATIONS POW·WOWJUNE 24 - 25 - 26, 1983SHAWNEE, OKLAHOMA

$13,000.00 IN CONTEST MONEY(POINT SYSTEM)

SOUTHERN FANCY $2.000 SI,IUO 5500 $200STRAIGHT $1.100 $ 750 $500 $200MEN'S TRADITIONAL $1.1 UO S 750 $500 $200LADIES' BUCKSKIN $ 700 S 500 $300 $100LADIES' CLOTH $ 400 S 200 $100 $ 50BOYS' JR. FANCY 5 300 S 200 $100 $ 50

(10 thru 15 yrs.)NORTHERN SHAWL $ 300 $ 200 5100 $ 50

(all ages)JR. GIRLS $ 150 $ 100 $ 50 $ 40

(10 thru 15 yrs.)(cloth and buckskin)

TINY TOT BOYS $ 25 5 15 $ 10 $ 5(0 Ihru 9 yrs.)

TINY TOT GIRLS $ 2'; S 15 $ 10 $ 5(0 Ihru 9 yrs.)

HEAD STAFFPRINCESS Leslie Barichello. CreekHMO Duane Schrock, Navajo/KiowaHLD Greta Tate Logan, ComancheHWDS Leonard Cozad, Jr.. KiowaHGDS Joe Fish DuPoinl. KiowaM.C. .TONEKEI. KiowaAD Cliff Reeder and Ira Birdcreek. Caddo and CreekHEAD JUDGE Vernon Ketcheshawno. KickapooiPotawatomi

FEATURINGThe RED LAND SINGER'S NORTHERN

DRUMHOST GOURD CLANS

SHAWNEE INTER-TRIBAL &KIOWA WARRIOR DESCENDENTS

• JIM THORPE DAY JUNE 2S (HIS CHILDREN WILL BE PRESENT)• FRY BREAD MAKING CONTEST, M.Y.O.F. (Make Your Own Fire)• STREET PARADE SATURDAY MORNING (POINTS)• INDIAN CAR Contest• RABBIT CLAN GAMES• POLICE PROTECTION• SUPPER SERVED ON SATURDAY (B.O.D & C)• CAMP SITES Wilh UtUity Hook-ups

Activities Start at 7 p.m. Friday, 2 p.m. Saturday and Sunday

EVERYONE WELCOMEPOTAWATOMI GROUNDS - SOUTH OF SHAWNEE

JUNE 1983

It's ElectionTime Again!Six Tribal PostsAvailable

The Citizen Band POlawatorni annualGeneral Council Mecling will he heldJune 2.~. lY83. al 1:00 PM in [he LongRoom of the Ship-She-Wano LearningCenter in Shawnee. Oklahoma.

There arc three positions on the flusi·ness Committee going up for electionthis year. The offices of Chairperson.and two Committeeman seats need 10 befilled. Choices will he made by the vot·ing memhers of the General Council.that is, all enrolled tribal members 21years of age or older. in attendance at IheGeneral Council Meeling.

The deadline for filing [0 run for atribal office is at least ten (10) days from[he dale oflhe election. In this case, June15. 1983, is Ihe deadline date.

Persons seeking to run for office mustbe no less than 21 years of age. anenrolled memher of the Citizen BandPotawatomi Indians of Oklahoma. andphysically residing within PottawatomieCounty. or one of the counties touchingPottawalomie County (Seminole. Pon­totoc. McClain. Oklahoma, Lincoln.Cleveland. and Okfuskee Counties.)

To be eligible for election. notice ofcandidacy must he filed wilh the Secre·lary-Treasurer of Ihe Tribe by Ihe dead­line date. Such notice shall be valid iffiled by the candidate himself or uponIhe pelilion of fiflecn (15) members ofIhe Council. Where no such nolices arefiled. nominalions may he made fromlhe floor.

1983 is also the year to elect IheGrievance Committee members. TheTribal Grievance Committee has threemernhers. They are elected to office bythe same procedure as Ihe BusinessCommittee memhers. The same require·ments and deadline apply to the filingand running for Ihe three GrievanceCommittee positions.

The Business Committee wishes toextend a heany invitation 10 all Cili7.enBand Potawatomi Tribal members toattend the General Council Meeling,June 25. In terms of tribal business il isthe most imponant meeting of the year.so come and he a pan of your trihe'spresent activities, and plans for [he fu·lure.

BingoExpansionPlanned

How can a tribal community coLeclmillions uf dollar>" year wilhuul 'pend·ing a ecoC! Acco!'"ding to many lribotlleaders in (he United States. the am;wcrlie~ in a unique. new bingu rom.:cpt. Hyallm..\ ing ~l l:crtificd. professional hingomanagement firm 10 build and lIlaimainan opcralinn on reservation lamJ. thetribe is free of all c.,pcndilUn.:~ and rcap~

;'1 large pcn.:cnlagc of Ihe pmflt:"-.Prnspt.'roJ' Indian b:ngo orcrilli~)n...

arc hlosslll1iing ;'l4.:ross the oa[lt,ln. rwm(he 56 [u $7 nullwn a yc.:tr profl" t.:'njuyed h~ Seminule- In Hollyw",xl. F.or·ida. to Tuu.l1n. Anl0n:J Inhal ICLtlk'(1'o<Ire fcithzlOg wh'l[ a boon hingo (,';'111 ht' ttl

t'conolllically deprived (nthan (0111·

l1lunilics.BUllc!lng 011 (hi:-- innovative. money

maklO~ concept. the Citilen B,mu Pota·w'lhJml'" w.1I open a nc\\>' hin1!(1 ent~r­

prise snl1ll'ti111~ in July on n.',erv;,lIinnland m Shawnee. Oklah'''''a.

Currently. nightly hingo g;lIl1C'

ho~tctl hy the Pntav.alumi, arc held inthe trih"ll otfin.' building. Tht' mom pro­\,itk'd i" th~ "1 ,ong Room". Thi~ facililyI~ only -l000 'l.luarc feet anti Sl:;lt~ 110

more Ihan ~oo players. The nc" huild­ing, ;11 20.(XX) square fCl·1. \\ ill ~c ..tt1.000 pcoplt: cmnfortahly l!lId pn)\ Ilk'

...en'ice' ~tTll'tly fur bin~o playing. \Vithnightly prilc rnonc~ projcl·lcd ..ItS 10.000 Ihe: POll!" alOmi opcra[ltlO I~

'urt: to aUract hingo players frurn mile,around. The profils from ,uch highvolumc hingo gaines an: cnOrrnous.

"\Vc've got nuthing to losc.·· ~i.tys

Bill Burch the I'Olawa[ollli Illhal chair­man. "By simply llluilir1ying the profitsfrurn our currcnt small olXr~llion by tcn-thc comparaolc size of the ncw (mc ­the lar~er f;leilit)' will ~eneratc;} guaran­tccd annual incorne (0 Ihe tnbe of5120.000. That is lhe very minimum wecan e,'(pc:t·1. Howcver. Judging hy ~ue­

cc~~ful upcrillions in other pan'\ of thecountry. r\\ 0 to three r:lillton dol13r~ ay-:ar arc rCJlistic: nlllllbt·rs. . ;;111 <It nul'osr (0 LJ~,

Solely r~~punsiolc for all co~t~ or [hchingo oper:uiun 1'\ Enlcrpri'e Man~l~c,

ment Con ... ultants. Inc, of ~orl11;tn.

Oklahoma. ~l profession;11 managementIIrm unn.. la:cll to the Cillzt.'n Band P~lla­

\\3tlHnt~, The hcncfits \)f lI'iin!! an nut­~itle t ifill a:e many.

I. Buih.hnl:! CUn~lnJl"t:l,.ln. furni,hing'.(l~ralln~ ell't (I ,c .. employl111'nt. m.lin­tell;;tnl'e. llllhllCS. taxe.;,. as",cs'lHenb.insuranl'c), proYisi('nS for parking ;tI1dlandsl.:aping arc the fmancial re"pon~i­

bllily of Enlt'rprisc \1;;lnagcl11cntConsult;lIIh only. The trihc pay~ nolhing

2. Each n1!!hr lhe trihc collecl, 3SC~ ofthe total gro~~ income, Tallied uyer:l 12month period. this am~lulll t·oult.l con­ceivably e>ceed '52 millinn.

3. Fur leasing the land. Ihe Iribe willbe paid a subslanlial monthly renl.

4. Because Enlerprise ManagementConsullants must be approved by theSecretary of Ihe Interior. Ihe possibililYof undesirable elemenls doing businesswilh !he lribe is 10lally eliminated.

2

5. Preference will be given to Potawa­tomis 10 fill jobs lhe new operalion pro·vides. This will help relieve the pres·Sures unemployment has broughl to lhecommunity.

6. The Long Room will be freed forother nighlly lribal funclions. The dif­ferenl organilalions will be able 10 moreactively engage in evening activities forwhich Ihe Long Room was designed.

7. The income generaled by lhe bingooperalion will allow lhe mbe 10 ""­

plcmenr long range plans c;uch a" ahealth clinic owned and operated hy andfor the lribe. Se,"ere cui backs in fed«,,'a'isi"tance require tribes to txcome c(.·o·nomit-ally sclf·sllffil'ienl.

"Finally." concludes \lr Burcll."By exploring new way~ (0 bring inre.:ve.:nuc.:. \1.. 1: wili IX' morc ahlt: 10 t:xp~nd

and huild a cm:ullunit:v wilitin a etlli1­lI1unil~ th.lt pro\ ides fII;lny ~en icl'~ foruur pcople and !!U~lrallln',uur t=nll1lHllil.'aUlonom)". The Ill'\\ hlllt:o uperation I~

onc \\ "y the tflO(- Gin rl'alih'lhe~e~(lal,.

Jt'~ a I.llu;lstil- 0ppoTlUl1lt~ ~ ..

Potawatomi LandClaim Plan

In a IeHer ~l'''1 III Spe;.kcr ot theHouse. Tholllas O·l'eil. d:Ol<d ApIII 21.II)XJ. A~~i~tant St=t'retl!r~ or InthanAffairs. Ken Smith. oUllincu the Pora­"atol1li'~ Lind Claim Plan of c.Ii'\tnbu­lion of fund' awarded by lhe Ind'an('olluJli~~ion,1110 [he Unilcd State~Courtof Claims.

;\l:curuin~ to Ihe HII\. l"cnain tillle.:framc~ have (0 hc lIle.:t hefore t1istrihu·lion of fund~ can t;tkc plac(-o. The~ arc a~

folll)ws:I.) From the (ime the !cul'r I~ re·

ccih~'d by Con~f(~s~. the Congre,'i h~ts

SIxty (601 days :0 'Il"l on Ih< plan If th,'plan i'\ not tln.allowed. It b.XtmtC~ ;tIl

elfcl·llve plan, Thi~ sixt) t.I:ly pcruKl I'~LJbjcl't h1 reces, 111llt.' ~o it m"y l'XCCl'tlsixty c.Iay!'\ h) " ft'w days

Aft('r the al"h\\'C time pt.·rind I~ I11t'l.~.I The III"" I"" Ihirt~ \.101 10 si'ly

16m da)'~ h)r ;11': enrollmenl period. II arersnn I~ relcctcd. th(.'n:

:l, i Th~lt pc:r'on ha' ;1 Ihlrl~ L~O) tI;'l~

apreal time uUfln~ whldl rlll'ir ,harl' i,~et aSltl(',

After all lIml' pcfllllh ~Irc.· IIlt:L Ihcndi,trihutlon of ILJnd~ lah'~ pl~tl.'\',

--cuurtes~ uf Th{' Firt, (·(JIIt.'clion

Style ShowTo Be Held

In conjllnl:tion with Putaw3tomiWeek. the I'ife ('ollcclion will b< pre­~cmed during a luncheon on ThurstlayJune H. in Ihe Lung Room allhe Potu­waUlmi Tribal Complex. in Shawnet:.Oklahol11a.

The lunch<on will slart al 11:30 a.I11 ..tht.' fa"hion show 011 12:15. Tle.:kets arc:$6.50each. You may <"<mlact Doris Hal·hert al (405) 275·3121. C.'1. ~ 16 for res­er\'ation", \Ve urge: you tn make yourrl':s(.'rvatitlll ... l':arly.

Sl'vcral of Oklaht)l11a'~ tnbi:J1 prin­Cl's~e~ will he among Ih~ IlH)ueb.

In a worlll of fa,hinn \\ hl':rc lIeslgnl'T'~e.:em ttl he puuing thcir name~ on l'n~ry·

thing hUI dOlhr::-.. Phllll, Fifl'. SantlyFife \Vil~on and Sharon Fife ~Iou,c. til'·slgnt.'r, Ill' O~lah(Jma's File Collection,rontinue hI prodUfC dorhing tic VOlco ttlN;ui\'c Amr:ril:an arb and u~slgn. rrnlllrihbon appliqucu ~hirt~ to exquisltc e\'c·nlOg gm\olls. thc Fife Colle('lIlm'~gJO\\·­ing nati(\nal clientele know th~lllhe.:y (;111

rely on the Fifc tlc:~igner~ ror original.fa,hionahlc atlirc.

HELP KEEPTHE OCEANS BEAUTIFUL

SA VE THE WHALES

Voice ofOur Elders

The elders who join logether five daysa week for lunch provided hy lhe TitleVI Nutrition Progr)m have beendiligently applying their artistic skillstoward the con~lruclion (\f two lovelyquills fort he '9~3 Pow-Wow_ Charn:eswill be sold for a handpainled Kachinaquill and a pink 'md maU'"e quill of addicale noral design. \Vomcn's work.'Not so. says A.I:!. Pecore. an heredilarychief who. along wilh many of thewomen, hiwc worked hard to make Ihl'Im'el} quillS. Two lucky pelJple w,lIka"~ lhe POW'\\OW with more Ih"l11 ...orefr:et anu fond IJIclllorie,. The.:y will ha\'e.:a work of ;Irt 10 lovc and hI kCl'p thcm\\arm for a lifcum(.'

\Vh)· not ~Ior h~ tht.' Fm.: l.r...I~e ,o11)(:;Iltcrnoon [0 ~cc ~OJlle.: tIl the.: man~ arl:.anu craft" uur eltler:'> pr,ldufc'.' ,\ vailahlefor purchase are hand-l:.i:lllcu Ic;;ttht'rkl':y chaln!'\: hl.'aul'u nc<:kJ:lCc.... wo\'cnhaskctr)' and Illulti-C1llt1rl'd (i{x.!· ... CYl'wca\'ing~ in \·arying ~hape' ~lnJ '17.e.:'\Vhlle thert'. you can buy a rhann: 10

\\ in ;1 quilt at Ihe pow-wow.Currently. Ihr:sc t\hje\..· ...... f art arc kepI

in a ·aor;lge roolll and mll~1 hr: hwu!!hlnul whenc"er anyonc a:-.b to "t.·C thcm./-\ ui,plil)' GI'l' I' 'ordy ne.:cdcd. If an~·

(lJle krH)W~(.r IIIlC (.r ha ... :t lli~play Ct~C hI

dnnalt:. pica...... cnn[;Il'1 D,D Chlmrnc;.ll/4051 275·~131 EXT. 212. The ciderstin ~o much for us. I,d'~ do ~()IIIr:lhing

IIlce for Iht'lIl.

As 1 ~II hcn.....lIltl Thinl..Of thc day" gone oyAnd my how Ihey do tly.Till the flrsl lhlllg ~nu ~no\\

You wake up one momin!!:Anu lhe thuught hil~ you,'You arc growing okl,Then ~ou hcgi II to wonder.What 'hall I do'"Then you he.:ar of a gruupThai' ~ in the.: ...arne ri.\ a' ) nu,Some ,ay Senior Cilil.cn~ arc nldAnd thaI' ... a laic Ihal'~ hc,"!! (oldBUI It't me tell you how \\ eo fcelFor ~omc are still ;lole 10 kirk up theIr

he.:cls.And \\e enjuy our limc' loge.:(haI,aughing and \'1~illl1~ in ;,11 kind" of

wcalher,And Ihen Ih('re·~ crafl'\ of all kind,­Su we Jump right in 10 draw and p'linl.Abu bead ;1I\l.! quill. lill you ne.:arly lo~t:

your nUIlJ.BUI Il'~ all bellcr than '1~IYIl1~ hnll1cAnJ OCIllO;;lIllllg th~ rae!. ~ou'rl' all

<.Ilollc.EYl:n though (.Jur hair I' Illming grey\Vc're ntlt rcady to ht.' pm away ­\V(''''c ~till got a lot 01 "punk anll \-lIn

And lIlayhc ha\'c 10 sil no\\ and then.You don't necd to fet'l Sl\rry for U~

Critil'ising. or In;lking a h'g fu.,~.

Cau~ mo,1 of us arc making il nn nurown I hl,'t.

And we rmghl jU~1 out live you yel.Su live each day with a kinl..l \\ord and~milc-

And you will find life" worthwhile.- Le.ha Taeker'Oust XO)

3

TONEKEI (Sammy White)M.e. for June 25. 19KJPotaw••omi-Pow.\\lowSEE YOU THF.RF.!!!!

Nigh DeclaresJune 25, 1983"Jim Thorpe

Appreciation Day"

Dear SammyThe Pnlawatomi Indians of Oklahoma

wish 10 take this opponunity 10 IhankSammy White for taking the time fromhis busy schedule to help us witb thisycar':-. Pow· Wow. Sammy is a favoritehost of many pnw-wows Ihroughout IheSouthwest. What arc you doing ne.1year about (his lime. Sammy?!

In conjunclion wilh Ihe annual POla­walomi Week Celebratioos and Pow·Wow. the Honnrahle Geurge Nigh.Governor of Oklahoma. has officiallyproclaimed that June ~5. 1983 he ternmJ"Jim Thorpe Appreciation Day'" TheprocJ...ITnation printed in its entirely onthis page is for our readcr~ tu cut oul andkeep with their tribal memorahilia.

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NOW, THEREFORE, r, <.EOIt(;E NrGH, GOVERNOR of the State ofOklahoma, do hereby proclaim Saturday, June 2~, 1983, as

WHEltEAS, Jim Thorpe, our brother Clno fcl1,)w PotawntomiIndian, 1s fL:mcmhcfc"d il::» Ont! of the great£"st iathletes tll~ world hasever known and was pro(ici('nt i .. running, jumping, football, lacrosse,boxing, b.lscuall, biJsketball, I",,,key, archery, rifle shooting, canoe­ing, handball, swinur.ing anJ skating; and

\.:HERf'AS, Jim Thorpe, born ~lay 22, 1887 six m11"s southof Prague" according to the Sacred Benrt Church register in Konawa,Oklahoma, near where his mc:ther, ., Potawacomi and Kickapoo Indian,lived on old Potawatomi fcServdt ion lands; and

J IN THORPE APPREC rATTON DAY

in the State of Oklaho",a, in memory of this great nlan.

WHEREAS, the Citizen /land f'otawatomi Indians of Oklahomaand all Oklahomans are proud of .lim Thorpe's achievements as anathlete, an Indian and a great hUIIILln u~ing and wish to honor hismemory during the annual CiUzen /land Celebration and All-NationsPow-Wow on June 2~, 1983;

WHEREAS, the Potawatomi Indians of Oklahoma, hosts ofthe annual Citizen Band Celebration and All-~ation~ Pow-Wow heldIn the sununer of the year; and

-+#:~~,,- EX.ECU1"'~EDE~ARTMENT-~~~.*

~-- -- --

•

In ~IJitlll'SS ;ttIltl,tl'Of, ,.IIUN'" hn<nmlo J~IN'jf handandca.a..uxl

the. ~lhixd .'l~a/(/flu' ,(/}ak' (/(lj./a/wma. k ~,. {flia-oN!'

(' . ,/ .. /' I' ,/ (/" '(1/ / I,:/(/~U' 011//(' 'JU/UH:. u( ///(' '}(~I (( A'ia Ul/Ji<t

'(,;/'1' //".1 L8lh rI'~'1 (/' ~t.1Y . in /1,1-

.IIJ"o, (/'( ~(P ~/(:,(I (.n,.. 111I.'U.uul(lllI~({· /uou/,/y/

,/1,,/ <·ii: ltt y-thrc·" . lUIIIII/Iu. .'/ta"e- (II?(!j./,-//,,,,,," //" sevenry-fl fth year.

A..- ~. ..eGOV'RNO~ ~

..'. r .•.-- ,(:-

--~''':.. " -:- ' .. ,; .-...:, . "'",'., .,....

7 DAYS AWEEK

OPEN:9 a.m.-Dusk

This ad isgood for onefree bucket

of balls at thedriYingrange.

(Good rill 7-/-113)

The U.S. Department of lntcriur ha~ cnm­plied a dlreclory Vo'hkh may be of Interc",t 10Native Amcnran Anisl!' 3nd Craftsm..::n who",'ish 10 expand Iheir markcts.

Polcnllal oullclS an: hSlcd by ~Iatc andCII)' Those oUllc1.'\ which arc OWrK."d andopcmtcd an: specified. r\aml" and addre!'~('~

of the uutlclS arc fumi""hcdFor addltinnal mfonnatlon WrilL: tn: IndIan

Arts and Cr.r" Board. Room 4OCJ.l. U.S.Dt:partmcnl of lnh:nur. Wa",hinglOn. D.C.20240.

Directory for NativeAmerican Artists &Craftsmen

"Did we nOI own Ihis glorious landEach mounluin. lake and river

Were Ihey not from Ihy sacred handOur heritage forever?

Where lombs arise and harvests waveOur children used 10 slray

We cannot find our fathers'Our fathers where are they~

Like snow before lhe fiery glanceLike dew on Ihe garment ray

Like bubbles thaI on the ocean danceOur tribes are swept away.

Anonymous

K..lin~ (;p. 1980Pencil, 18" • 30"

Brenda Grummer

CI

Photo Contest

"Everytime a child says '.don't believe in rairies' there is

a little rairy somewhere that

ralls down dead,"

-Pe/erPan

J.M. Barrie

tal SUSlenance. Such primary self­training inevilably lead 10 her productiveand rewarding adult life. "w,,,dsgleaned ffllm her wtlrk arc many and anatural prugres!"ion from her I."hoice "I'hard ;md c(ln~lant appliGllIon of Ill-'r atll~

lilic:-.. She slaml,~ ao;; a marveloll~ exam­ple of hnw far :.t J"k.=rson r:ln travel whenhe or ~hc i~ \ll."illing 10 put (lnc foot infronl of the other ~ompdling

movement Ihruugh scJf-hdicf which. illturn. bt::ncfits many \Vere eaeh persunto pr:If.:licc ~u{'h a simple aelion. nurworld would enJo)' the hasic tenels ofNative American philosophy - peace­ful. crealive eo-t:xislcm.:c.

- Puhlished hy permission of the au­thors. D.O. Osborne and Reba Rel."CeOlson from Iheir hook Art from eire£uth.

The" How Ni Kan" is sponsoring an"I Love Pow-Wowing" pholo contestfor photographs taken al Ihe I'lX3Citizen Band PotawalOmi Pow- Wowheld June 24. 25. and 26. All enlriesmusl be black and while. 8" x 10" or 5" x7" glossies and include Ihe name andaddress of Ihe entranl on Ihe hack of thephotograph. All entries become Iheproperty of "How Ni Kan". The dead­line is !-'riday. July 291h, 198). Prizeswill be determined al a latcr date, how·ever. the winoing entries will he pub­lished in the nexl issue of "How NiKan".

Scnd your entrie> 10 D.O. Osborne,POlawalomi Indians of Oklahoma. Rt.5. Box 151. Shawnee. Oklahoma74801.

THE CHt:YENNE. I~I

Pencil, Ill" x 24"Brmda Grummer

While she chooses subjects and situa­tions which arc pan of many differentNativc American tribes (requiring con­siderable research») she reserves a spe­cial place for the study of Potawatomihistory. Brenda writes:

"The POlawalomis were originally abranch of Ihe Algonquins whose lande>!ended from Ihe Atlanlic to Ihe Missis­sippi. They were called" people of fire"which may refer 10 their initial separil­lion from Ihe parenllrihe when Ih"y builttheir own couocil fires., a display ofindependence. The name POlawalOmidescribes such an action."

The land "as always held a fascina­lion for Brenda Kennedy Grummer.When nul working. she and her husbandexplore every nook and cranny of thcterrilor)' thai slill exisls. unmolesled. inOklahoma. They also enjoy travel 10 va­rious Indian art centers in the Southwe~t.

Rrenda alway~ takes her carner.. andwriling tools to prcscrvt: on film and inwords all Ihal she has seen. The photo­graphs may become paintings. the possi­bility nf a book exisls in her juurnals.

Brenda's gifts arc self-supponin/:.She works only when she wanlS to - allIhe time.

From an early age. Brenda lcarned 10

rely on her V3>t inner resources for men-

woman and a French trapper. Man Ken­nedy. her grandfather. was Irish-Pora­watumi. A look In th~ mirror rC'i<.tledRrcnJa's par:it:ul"rly stnking gencri,:!!ifb. Iligh ('hcckhonc:~ ~av~ her face ahc:auliful. ~ln\n,g Indian .. 'rurlure. lIerlo:urly rell hair and hnglll grct.:n e~ t=s \\ ~r~renlJnder~ ~)r 'lOl·C~lor~ who had l"oinc It.

Oklahorn" frum Duolll1. I,dand.Finding hersclI lIcL"pl} tout..:hl.'d hy

both old worlds. Hr"nda I,<,gan to nnckr­stand what it :s to he Ind,an to<laystraddling two div~rs.e cuhurcts. Thi~ re­velation greatly allected I1l.'r painling,both in subject malter and lechniljue.

In some rc~pcct."', Brcnda'~ paintingsarc similar to photographs oul of a rami·Iy album. Through her _,ensitivily anddeep regard fm Indian people. she ha.,been able to relate a certain intimateknowledge of her subJecls. When uSlI1grealistic techniques she is able loeapturea mood. a hcanbeal. a momenl OUI ofhuman exislence.

BRENDA KF.NNEDY GRUMM~:R

(Polawalomi)Five.year.old Brenda Kennedy sal

slifOy on Ihe hard concrete slep whileher mother. Nobie Kennedy. a slep be­hind and above. brushed Brenda's thickred curls. To keep her daugter from be­coming bored, Nobie chaned animaled­Iy aboullhe Cheyenne-Arapaho Indianswho onCe lived on the land in BlaineCounly, Oklahoma where Ihe Ken­nedy's now farmed ... Brenda', ownback yard.

Brenda's mind quickly absorbed thestory. Her green eyes daned across thehorizon while her active imaginationtransformed Ihe back yard. Ihe barns.livestock and fields inlo an Indian com­munity where women in buckskin dres­ses cooked over open fires in front oftheir tall. hide lipis. Children of Bren­da's age scampered. playfully engagedin favorite games.

II was natural for Nobie Kennedy tolell Brenda of tbe history of Oklahoma.Nobie was a schoolteacber and Brendaan only child. Tbere were always plentyof books. crayons and tablets of paperavailable for Brenda's study and amuse­menl. In the winler she filled tbe tabletswith sketches Ihat were exceptionallywell-executed for a child. During thesummer months, she loved to wanderabout her parent's farm visiting im­agined Indian children who played wilhber in whal were once tlourishing wainulgroves.

An extremely bright child. Brendawas finished with public schooling bythe age of sixleen and promptly emeredSouthwestern Oklahoma State Univer­sity in Weatherford. At age nineteen.Brenda ~radualed Magna Cum Laudeaflcr compleling Iri-lllaJor work in Eng­lish. Spanish and Journalism.

Brenda discovered that. although herearly lraining in school and at home hOldgained her ample knuwledge of Okla­homa history. her uwn Indian herit"ge.Ihal of Ihe POlawalOmi. was still a mys­lery. Brenda began serious independenlsludy of all Nalive American Iribes bUIwilh an emphasis on Ihe POlawatomis. Itwas during Ihatlime Ihat Brenda came 10

realize an as a profession.

Of her family, Brenda learned thaI hergrandmolher. Melvina Kennedy. waslhe daughler of a POlawalomi Indian

BRENDA GRUMMER

"II is Ihrough an and Ihrough an only.Ihal we can realize our perfection:lhrough an and an only Ihal we canshield ou.,;elves from Ihe sordid perils ofaClual exislence.·' - Oscar Wilde

4

Tribal Governmental Tax Status ActFllr al lea" I'JX.l & I'JX4. Indian Irihal

govl'rnrncnl ... will enjoy .1 new «.""Ilion­:-hip \\ Ilh Ihl.: Inlcmal Revenue Sen" I":\.' .

Theft.' is a nl'W law ~ovt:rning lh~tr

rcblion:-.hip ami it prc!\t:Tlls l1I;.JIlY oppm­(linilic~ rOT" :rihc... 10 lI'iC thelT 'i(l\'('n':~n

~tiltu~ in pursuit of CCUThlfllic sclf-MU'fi­(I~IH.:Y .

Called Ihc "Trihal Governmcnl.1i TaxSlalUs At:l"·. lhi:-. law was ;.tppron:d hyCon~re" hue in 19X2. Essenlially. ilconfirms the same slatus for trihitl~overnment'. This slalus is (lnly effec­tive for th(Y.-,c tribal activities deemed"essential governmental func[ions··.

There are numemus ways Iribalgovernments will be ahle l(l use this Sla­Ius 10 their financial benefil. Many arcobvinus: olhers will be discovered asIribal officials work wilh the slatus con­ferred by Ihe Acl.

There arc tax sOIvings thai can be real·ized immedialCly. Just", stale and localgovernments will nol be laxed by Ihefederal government. tribal governmentswill not be laxed by lhe other govern­ment entilies.

This rncan:-. exemption from cxc:sctaxes on spcci<.tl fuels, highway use rires,telephone service, and many otheritems. Tribal governmcflts are also ex­emI'l from Ihe windfall profils lax andslate ~cveran<.:e (or gnhs prndu<.:lion)taxe~ on oil and nalural l;as production.

Significant savings can be made onauto Ii<.:cn~cs and on vehicles them­selves. on which Ihere are normallyseveral thousands of dollars wonh oflaxes from which Iribes arc e.empt.

Not only does the ACI allow Iribalgovernments to cease paying theselaxes. it makes them eligible for refundof any such laxes Ihey might have paidafler Ihe effc'\:live date of Ihe legislation:

January I. 1983: 10 some instances.lhese refunds can be quile subslantial.One tribe in Oklahoma has received arefund of $75.000on lhe windfall profilslaxes it had paid. (Because many tribeswith oil incllme arc having thai assetproduced and managed hy non-Indianfirms Ihal mighl not be aware of alilheseta. e.emplions, Ihey sometimes pay Ihewindfall profits tax wilhout being awareof lhal fael.)

Another melhod for using Ihe newtribal tax status will open up a newsource fur developmental eapilal. Tribalgovernmenls have always had Ihe legalabilily 10 sell revenue bonds. BUI. lorvarious reasons, the markels have beenlimiled. They should be no longer.

Now. Iribes have lhe ahilily to sellIhese bonds as la. exempt. Bond pur­rhasers will not have to pay taxes onincome they cam from the bonds. Thiswill make tribal revenue honds infinilelymore allraclive investmcnls.

The trihes will have 10 be sure.Ihough. Ihal Ihe purposes for which thebond revcnue is intended are n)l)~idaed

"cssential governmental function~·'.

Until a represenlalive body of case rul­ings has been developed. Iribal gllVern­menls will have 10 seek Treasury Oe­partmenl dett:nnin;,tlion:'\ in queMionableinstances.

As suvereign govcrnments, tribeshave long possessed Ihe abilily tel levy

;10)' numher or different laxe~. This new);1\\ in no way afred~ Ihat powcr. \\ hil:hwas upheld in the recent :VIERRIOrs; V.JI\ARII..L\ ApACIIE dec"illn frllmIhe L' .S. SUprl'JIlI: Courl.

Now, lhough. any [axc~ paid to J trih·\\1 g.ovcrnment will hI: tlll'orne tf.!X inuI­viduals and bus:ne~sc~ that pay 1hem.The S~IIHC i'i. true fnr gifts anu dllnatilln~

to trib~tl governmenl~. This lalter factcan be used to great ;.tdvantagc and effcc(hy trihcs in soliciting t1onlHions.

Ay- stated earlier. this new lax status i~

effective only for lribal governmenlsand only so long as lhe sialus is benefit­ing what the Treasury dcems an "cssen­tial governmenlal funclion··. The properconstilutional and stalulory provisionscan establish melhods for "sharing" taxexempt status with many trihal venturesIhal would nol be exempl if they weren'tsubdivisions of Ihe tribal governmenl.

AI Ihis lime. lhe law prn"ding tbesela. benefils is 10 end after a life of juslIWO years. on \)ccember 31. 19X4. In theintervening two years, Congress willmonitor usc of the Act and ilS hcncfils. IIis safe 10 Sl'y Ihal. unless Irit-es quicklybuild .. record of effeclive usc oflhe Act.Congre~s will allow it to die or willapprove an eXlension far more limitedlhan would olherwise be Ihe c'lSe.

SUPPORTINDIAN

BUSINESS

Citizen Band PotawatomiScholarship Program

The Cilizen Band POlawalOmi TribalScholarship program provides assist­ancc wi.. h payment of tuition, en­roll:menl e'penses and books for educa­tional Iraining and college or any otherinstilulion or program approved by IheVeteran's Adminislration.

All enrolled members of the Tribe arceligible 10 apply. Applicants must meetan income criteria of $ I2.500 per familymember in order to be eligible for con­sideralion. The amOUnl of a"islance astudent is eligible t(l receive is deler­mined by Ihe number of hour> he/she isenrolled.

Applicanls enrolled in twelve (12)hours or more per semester. shall beconsidered as allending full-lime. and heeligible III receive the S500.00 max­imum. Those a!lending eleven (II)hours or less shall he considered as pan­time sludenls. and receive S250.00.

rail semesler appliealions will beaeeepled unlil 5:(Xl p.lll. on July 15.1<JX3. Appliealions received past Ihedeadline will nol be considered.

To request applicalions please eon-lacl:

Pal WallacePOlawalomi IndiansRoule 5. Box 151Shawnee. OK 74801(405) 275-3121 EXT. 227

.. All this struggling and

strivin~ to make the world a

better place is a Itreat mistake;

not because it isn't a ItcHld thing

to improH tbe world if you

know how Itl do it, but because

strh·ing and strultgling is the

worst \\"a)' )·ou could set about

doinl( anything,"

~ashelByroll's ProfessiollG.B. Shaw

Teacher of Year­Voices of the Wind

People have said 'Indian parenlS don'teare for lheir children,

They leave them neglected and for­saken.

BUI I hear lhe v(lice of Rehecca say­ing. lake of my child,

Teacher he is as the eanh. and as therain when il gently freshens the eanh.

People said" Indian children will nOIrespond

They are sulleo and silent:'Clearly I hear Sarah's sparkling

laughler. as we walk along Ihe beach andlrudge foresl Irails.

I feel her small hand and hear herwhisper.

Lislen 10 Ihe music of Ihe foresl"Teacher" ,

Joy is the rain, gentleness is the Wind.You musl lake lime to lislen 10 lhe

voice of lhe great spirit.II has been said "Indian people are

lazy.They don't proVide for Iheir child­

ren,BUI. I see Elmer's pickup in the

woodsAs he eUlS fire wood after workI sec OOrlhy's beaded moccasins

lovingly made by her grandmolber.And I walch lioy Joanne walk acmss

Ihe lawn wilh her teacher.People say "Indian children don·1

rare for anyoneThey are indifferent and rude"·Then I feel Charlie's grasp on my arm

and hear him conlide."J couldn'l sleep lasI nighl. A wild

horse gallops my hean since my daddied." Tears fill his eyes as we sland andcommunicate in silence.

People say "Indian children arc hard10 teach

They are difficult to understand,"I have rejeCled the idle words of

people.For Ihe spiril of Ihe Chipawal(lmic has

touched my soul.AUlhor Unkoowo

New Historical BookThis 84-page hook lei is available al

alilhe Fulton Cllunly Banks. RncheSlerand Akron lihrarics. Ro(:hc~lcr t\ewsSiand. Hardesty Prinling and Ihe CivicCcnlcr Mu~c:ul1l. whidl i~ open ~!t(Jn·

day-hid,,>" from 9 In 5. It can be pur­l'ha:-t.:'d Ihruup,h the mail hy ~~nJing

S~.50 plus SI mailin~ 10 Fulll)n CounlyHistorical S(lciely. Civic CenlerMuseulll. 7th and Ponlie. Rorhesler. 1:'146975.

The return of Ihe Polawalomi Irihalcouncil 10 Ihe sile of Chief Menominee'svillage near Plymouth was Ihe first limelhe POlawatomi leaders had been back inIndiana since lhe Trail of Death removal144 years ago. This unusual event wascovered by several newspapers. each ofwhich lold the story in a different way.For comparison, four newspaper storiesarc printed here along wilh pholos of thegroup placing a wrealh al Menominee'sslatue.

Paul SpoilS Emrick. Rochester na­live. was band director al Purdue Uni­versily for 50 years. 1905-54. He in­vented several new band lechniques andmade b'llld history. In 1907 be was Ihefirst 10 have a band break ranks and fomlblock letters. getting his idea fromseeing the geese fly over lake Manitou.He had Ihe world's largesl drum madefor Purdue in 1919. He also invenledilluminaled nighl fomlalions in 1935.Three of his former band sludenlS recallSpoils' demanding caustic and loveablepersonalily in this booklel. They arcByron Legg. Anacorles. Anacorles.Wash.: Dr. M. Hunter Smith. OakBrook, III .. and Edward F. Hames.Cucamonga. Calif. Photos fmm Leggillustrated his anicle.

Whippoorwill Telephone exchange.school and church arc recalled by lormerresidenls of that community. localednonh of the Tippecanoe Riyer. Photosand memories arc from Cleo Wynn.Clarence Hiatt. Clarence Flelcher.George Steininger. Alta Rouch. Mr. andMrs. Eldrilh Cook. Mr. and Mrs. Ho·ward Weir. Edilh Clevenger. Joe Sissel,Ester and Ruth Buck. Dennis roor.Lloyd Beehler. Mr. and Mrs. CliffordMcGee. Walters.lhe Rev. A.E. Givens,the Rev. Henry Bradley, and William C.Miller.

The following anicles arc also io­c1uded: POlawalomi Pow Wow in Okla­homa. George Winlers skelches of POla­walomi. Order of Arrow Indian dancers.LaHurreau nalionally recognized Indianexpen.lndian slide program by Jerry W.Lewis. American Indian folklore andlegends by Phyllis Whitmore.

Also: Cole Bros. Circus Program.FCHS calendar. spring trip 10 Peru.FCHS to have food tenl by Civic Centerduring Round Bam Festival. FCHS 10

sell Aloe Vera. memorials used to buycameras. new acquisitiony-, GenealogyScclion plans [rip, and more cOrTection~

to "Fulton Counly Folks Vol. 2 .. ·

Announcemenls arc made of (wo newbooks now available from lhe author:"Z Roots - Hi. lOry of Rochesler HighSchool Athletics" by Bill Schroer: and"Overmyer History and Genealogy16XO-I905" from ()on Overymer.

5

Oklahoma University'sAffirmative Action

The Universily of Oklahoma was 56years old when Ihe first Black studentsought admission. Ada Lois Sipuel Fish­er applied 10 Ihe law school in January.1946. but was scholastically qualified.but she was the wrong color. Oklahomalaw in 1946 made it a misdemeanor forcolleges and universities to admil anyone of African decent. But the courageof Ms. Fisher eventually led 10 a Su­preme Coun decision dcchtring uncon­stitutional and void :.III laws prohibitingBla<,'ks frum attending institution;; ufhigher learning. In October. 1948. grad­uate student George McLaurin becamethe first Black ever to attend the Univer­sity. and Ihe following June. Ihree andone-half years afler her first attempt.Ms. Fisher enrolled.

In the years since the desegregation orOklahoma higher education. thc Univer­sity has made encouraging progress inproviding e'lual opportunilY 10 all stu­dents. facully and slaff. irrespective ofrace. sex or economic background. Butmore progress is needed. Blacks.American Indians and Hispanics makeup 14.2 percent ofOklahoma's popula­tion but only 8. I percent of the Normancampus student body and 2.5 percent ofthe Oklah0ma City campus. That thesepercentages are in keeplOg wilh nati'malaverages on college campuses make ourcurrent [ask no less compelling.

The liniversily is currently respond­ing to ib five-year ~rfonnant.:c in tht.:Oklahoma Stale Syslem desegregalil)nplan. Despite our gains. we: havc: nOifully achieved the goals eSlabli,hcdmore lhan five years ago. If the Umver·sity is truly to lx: a public inslillHion forall Oklahomans. we must rcmain in Iht"vanguard of the drive :0 eliminate dis­crimination. We must increase our com·mitment to a vigorous recruitment andrClention program for minority facuhy.staff, and sludents, and we must providethe neccssary support .scrvil:cs.

One of the mo't etTeelive ways 10

amact qualily minority sludent' isthrough a strong minority scholarshipprogram. In 1982. the Univer;;ity an­nounced thaI the Mary Clarke MileyFoundation would provide $5.000 peryear for scholarship suppon for II finearls and journalism students. Also.twenty $500 scholar;;hips have been es­tablished for freshman minority studentsand will be offered for the firsl time nextfall. These are in addilion 10 alreadyestablished departmenlal scholarships.

In Our Univer;;ily Scholars programconsisling of freshmen with the highestacademic potenlial. 16 percent are cur­renlly minorily studenls. Each year theUniversity selects 200 of the most oUI­Slanding incoming freshmen for thisscholar;;hip program, and for 1983-84.31 minority sludenls have already beenselected oUI of a group of 130. This is.by far. the highest minorily represl'nla­lion in Ihe hislory of Ihe program.

Of particular concern on the Okla·homa City campus is the small numOcrof Black ,tudcnts in our pn)fessionalschools. To correci the deficiency. theUniversily has established a target 01" 6. 7percent Black studenl enrollment for the

College of Medicine and Dentislry. Thatcompares with 2 pereent current enroll­ment of Black..

The Oklahoma City campus was therecent recipienl the largest private gifl inthe Universily's history for education ofminority students. The Arnold and BessUngerman Scholarships will provide$25.000 per year for scholar;;hip supponto medical siudents. In addition, schol­arship progralr.s fur minorities on thcOklahoma Cily campus include: TuitionWaiver scholarships. 67 of which, tolal­ling $87.000. were granted for 1982-83;CUlpepper Foundation American IndianFund. assisting sludents relaled fields:and the Majl" Bass :'vlcmorial Fund.avail"ble 10 American Indian medicals.tudcnls who agree to practi;:e in an areLiof service to American Ind:ans.

Also available are the Graduale andProfessi0nal Opportunities Program forEthnic Minorities. providing gr;mts of$5.000 per student to new graduate stu­dents interesled in doctoral study. andseven S4.000 Professional Study Grantsfor entering medical or dcntal studenls.

We are very hopefullhat our minorilyscholarship and recruitment program onboth the Norman and Oklahoma Cilycampuses will resull in significant in­'feases in minority sludenlS. both inundergraduate and both campuses work­ing actively 10 recruit minorily students.

Analyzing faculty and staff appoim­ments. the most recenl workforce sludyI"or the Norman campus reveals sub­~(aOlial gains over a two-year period inemployment of women. but disappoim­ing progress in faculty appointments.

In an incrca...c of 4lJ po:-.itil)nS in ~X~

ccutivc. administrativl: and managerialposiliuns. 77.6 percent \\'en: to women.This progrcs:-> i~ ~t direct rc,ult of ourafllrm,,,ive action efforts. Fifly-tlve per­cent of the r\orman campus staff and71.6 of Ihe Oklahoma Cily campus slaff'arc women.

011 the Norm:.illl:ampus. 29.1 percenlof new f:.u.:ulty pusitions in Ihe past twoyear:-. were awardetlto worn;;n, hringingthe level of women facufly 10 20 percent.2 percenl higher Ihan in 1978. On theOklahoma City campus. women repre­sent 26.4 percent of the facufly.

Dala for minority faculty appoinl­ments on the Norman campus show thatof II I new JX,sitions over a twu·ycarperiod. only two Black appointmentswere made; Hispanics had a nel gain offour and American Indians had a net lossof two. This means that Ihe Iwo minoritygroups with the largest population in thestate and the largest studenl populationhad Ihe leasl gain infacufly appuint­ments. Blacks make up 6.8 percenl ofOklahnma's puplulation bUI only 1.5 ofour Nonnan facully and 2.2 percem ofour population but less than I percent ofthe Nonnan campus and only I. I per­cenl of Ihe Okl"homa Cily facufly.

In 1978. the Norman campus had aIotaI <>f 28 minority faculty members.J.X percent of the «llal fal·ully. In 1982.we had JJ minority facully. represen!ingJ.o percent of the 101,,1 f"cully. Minorilystaff representalion had decreasedslighlly since 197X from 6.3 percent In5.1 percent. Minoril)' staff represenla­tion on the Oklahoma Cily campus hasincreased from 23 percenl in 1977 to24.8 percen! in 1982.

In recognIzIng its Obligation 10guarantee equal opponunily to all per­sons in all segments of universily life.the Univer;;ity ofOklahoma reaffinns itscommitmenl to the ideas of a lrue socialequality. The responsibilily of equal op­portunity al the University is not Iheresponsibility 01" the state or Federalgovemmenl. It is Ihe responsibility ofthis instilulion and mUSI be individuallyand eulleetively shared by each personresponsihle for making any and all admi­nistrative and employment decisions.Until equal opportunity is achieved. theUniversity shall not have achieved itsfull potential as a public institution.

"Is it changed or am I changed?Oh the oaks are just a:-. green

Hut thc fricnd:-. wilh whulll I roamedBenealh Iheir Ihickest are enSlranged

By the YCiJr:-. that intervenes"Brighl as ever fio,,"s the stream;

Bright as ever shines the sunBUI, alas: il seems to me

Not the stream it used to beNot Ihe sun Ihat used 10 shine.

Anonymous

Gift of the SacredPipe

NORMAN - An illustrated editionof the seven sacred rites of the OglalaSioux as originally recorded and editedby Joseph lOpes Brown has been pub­lished by Ihe Umvcrsity uf OklahomaPress.

The large-fonnal volume. "The Giftof Ihe Sacred Pipe." edited and il­lustratc:ll by pruft:ssional ar[i~( VeraLouise Drysdale. is based on BlackElk's :lL'count of the rites Lind feature~

paintings thaI highlight Ihe dramatic cle­ments ,)f the ancienl rituals and sho" theeveryday objects thaI were sanclified inIhe Sioux cosmology.

The riluals have been condensedwhile preserving the continuity ofBrown's test. "The Sacred Pipe." pub­lished as Volume 36 in The Civilizationof the American Indian Series. Theseven sacred riles of the Oglala Siouxwere recorded hy Brown in 1947.

The sacred pipe is the holy rile of theSioux: their voice to Wakan-Tanka. theGreat Spirit. The seven riles of the pipeare the keeping of purification, cryingfor a vision. the sun dance, the makingof relalives. preparation for womanhood

. and lhe Ihrowing of the ball thaI is sym­bolic of the earth and gives strength 10

future generations.Drysdale. a graduate in art of Ihe Col­

lege of Wooster. Ohio. spent live yearsworking on the illustrations for "TheGift of the Sacred Pipe." She also haspainted a l:ontinuing series of con­lemporary Indian portrails. which werehunored wilh a one- person show al IheInstitule of American Indian Arts. SAN­TA FE. "'.M.

Brown. an aUlhority on American In­dian religions. is professor in the depart­ment of religious studies oflhe Universi­ty of Momana .

"The Gift of Ihe Sacred Pipe." ediledand illustrated by Vera Louise Drysd"le.118 pp .. $29.95 hardbound. Universityof Oklahoma Press. 1005 Asp Avenue.Nonnan. OK 73019.

ReligionPotawatomi religious beliefs and

praclkes created moral order in Iheirlives. Through supernatural beliefs Iheirsocial order was connected to the Earth.the Sun. Ihe Moon. and the Stars. Allindividual POlawalomi were religiouspraclitioners in their own right, beingre4uired for example. In seck and findvisions. But Ihey also had several kindsof religious leallers or specialists. Onewas a Diviner. who hcl~d them resolvedoubls when Ihey had insufficienlinfunnation to act wilh confidence. TheDiviner assislcd Potawatorni in locating10~1 objects Or persons. in furL~a:-.ting. thefuture. and in assessing risks of impor­tant enterprise. Another religious figurewas the Curer. a medical practitionerwho added supernalUral clements andrituals to various medicinal planls andskills. The Gran Medicine Sociely.Known 10 Ihe Potawatomi "s the Medi­wiwin. consisted of a specially seleCledbrolherhood of religious figures that didimportant work for POlawatomi vil­lages. Also Ihere were numerous clanand village ceremonies conducted by Iheheads of these social units in appropriateseasons.CONTEST FOR SOVEREIGNTY INTHE OLD NORTHWEST 1761-1795

Between 1644 and Ib95. Ihe POlawa­tomi were constantly involved withseveral other tribes and one or anotherEuropean socielies contesting for OJll­

1101 of pans of northeaslem North Amer­ica. Belween 17bl and 1795. the I'ola­walomi wac even more inlcnsivcly in­volved in this pnx.:css. now 3tru~glin!! tohold control of an eslate directly in thep;lthw;J)' of thc wC:-itwanJ cxpan:-.ion ofEnglish settlers from the Atlanlic sea­board. Allies of Fmnce until Ihc Britishvictury in 1760. the Putaw.ttumi Iurnc:dtheir efforts (0 creating an alliance "11thGreal Brilain; bUI Ihey had only sixlel'nyears in which to do it. for the Ameril.:;,mRevolution erupled in 1776.

Not all Potawalom;, however. eager­ly embraced an alliance wilh Ilrilain.Many aClively supported the Ollawachief. Pontiac. in his effort 10 drive IheAmerican Revolulion. Other Potawato­mi actively supported the Americansagainst the British.

Aller the peace of 1783, the Potawa­lomi chcn had to contend with a massiveinvasion of Iheir lands by American set­tlers who came pouring across the OhioRiver pathway to Indiana and Illinois.The POIawatomi and lheir allies resistedthis invasion successfully. winningnumerous ballies against Americantroops "nd mililiamen. until 1694 whenthey were decisively defeated by MadAnthony Wayne in Ihe Bailie of FallenTimbers (present. Toledo. Ohio). Althat momenl. Ihe tide turned against thePOIawalOmi and other Great Lakes In­dians.

"Fling but a stone, The I:iantdies."

-Mallhew Green(1696.1737)

6 •

Potta••ttomle Indl.na Playing Moccasin ",llIS popular \/JIth thE' woodland mbe of the Wabash River Two T~(lmsof three playet5, lour moccasins. and fourobIect5 are (M)~ed 10 play Ihls game The ot:¥>cl.~ "',:{'fe tdenllcal at hrn lnspecbon ahhough one WM fT\4rked 10 dtSbnguish it One team ~'ud tM ob)KtS.under thitm<Xcasans e.tnd Ihe other guessed th~ IOCdtlOO of the W'lnnmg piece Each Wi'm alt~maled ro~ and lhe pile of goo<J5, In the foreground .....enllo the Winning learn

-From t~ G_Ke Winler CoIlfl:tion

Using the8(a) Program

Through the 8 (a) Program. the feder·al government reserves contracis forpurchasing goods and services fromcompanies owned by individuals whoarc "sociall) and economically dis·~uJvantagell". Ry law, bu~incsscs own·ed by Indians fall into that calegory andarc eligihle for the program.

The purpose of the 8 <a) Pmgram is 10

foster husines .. ml,mership hy indivouah'Wh()~c economic and social disadv3n·lagc:~ make lhl"m eligible. Th~ Program.iu:compll~hc~Ihis h) expanding chanc~~

fur c,mtral'ling ami :-.ub-l.·,mtracting ,\ ilhlhe fctlc:ral ~llvcmrm:nl.

Thl' X (a'-P~(lgram j ... admini..;tl'rctl hyIhe Small BII"'lnc~~ aUl11inl~lr:t1i(n

ISII,\). In Ok:ahoma. ~Ir. Charlcs Haltx:rl OVl:r"'t'~"" Ihe..' program. Iii!'> addrc~s

i:..: ....cdaal fiuildin~. Site 670. 201)1\ W 51h Sircet. Oklaho:na Cily. OK7.' 101. IIi, uffit·l' Ickphonc numht:r i~:

405·2.\1··1992.Tht: l'onlracls awan..lcd through X la)

l'all he fllr auy proOUl.:t <'r ...ervin: Ih~

federal governmt"nt n~t.·J:-. in Oklahomaor anywhat.' in thl' \\urld For cX<JlI1pk.Harhert ay.... ··\Vt.· h:I\'c contr:Il'I~ ferm~IlJ l'on tru<:lion. re-dc ... igning. bike".and park for the l\rl11~ Corp~ uf En-ginccr~ alc 01 hca"y C4uiplllcni 10 Ih:.:BfA and olher CO,CTTlIllCI:1 :1I!CIKie~."

To <Iuahfy f(~ Ihc X (al Pn~grall1, Ih:.:cUlllpany Illu:-.t I"t.' nllllrnlicu f 5 tq .. ) hy apcr"'~lIl of a minority rarc nr who fat:c ...~ocial tli~aJ\':.Il1lagc. The SRA rC4uire ..thaI lhe pcr~()11 hI..' ill\'ol\'t.'d in d:ly-Io-daylll<Jnagcl11cnt of thc bu"nc'i~ and Ihat hec~lm l1lore in ...alary or profits from Ihehu~incs~ than any other partner'i.

As a rirm'~ inilial L'untract with tht: Kla) Pf(l1!.ralll. It f1lc~ a form whil.·h !..!i\'t.'iSBA l~f{)rm:lliuTl ahout the gntxJ~ ami~rvict:, it i" l.·apahlc l)f providing. AflcrIt h;l~ been <.klerrnincll that the gu\'crr.­menl doc'\ have a need (or that com·rany's products Ihe compan)' hefins lheappli~.:ation pmce~:o..

Thc applicJtion form 1t~c1f 1'\ vcryknglhy and \'cry detaileJ, It rct.lUlrc~

Iitc:r~llIy ~III the: infonnathlO the ownerha~ g:lIhcrcd ~hout his hU~IO~~' ,lI1d itsm~ljur ..:omrc:littlrs and. qUite po..... ibly."omc information he ha~ not y..:( (Olll

piled The 010 flu,ine" D<:\'<'!lIpmelll("~fllcr ha.. sluuied Iht.' applk:uinn form:md IS kIHl\.\·k<.lgcablc about the hl..· ..t\, ay~ to prl}\'idc Ihl' lUfnrmation tb.:SRA rcqut:~I\.

The l,.'oll1ph:l~d appltl.'a:illll gne~ f1r'HIII Ihc D"lrict Office ,Oklahnma CilY l.where 11:0- c\alu.tti(lO l'an takl' up tll t omunth~, It i" then sent tu the RC~I()n 1Offlcc lD;'llla~) lor another C\alu3Ut'1lIhal requlrcs another Iwu rnunth:o.. inrnO\1 tn ...wn..:c:--, Finall~. Ill~ c\.i.Iluatcd atturd tllnc In \V:I~hin~lull, D.C.

As L':1I1 he ,",ccn, qui.l1i f) ing :1 hu~inc,~

for the X (al Program i~ nol a l.lukklyl.·ompletcd pro("C'~s. The Ihree slep cva­IU:ltion proces~ cal'h app:i<.:alum passeslhrollgh requires four In six months forcumpletiun. in most instanrcs. II can~Irctch III i.I year or more.

A ncw limit from five to seven year..for p:tnicipation in the II (a> Program foreach company holds some promisespeeding up the application review pro·

cess. Thai new law will also he openingup some SIOIS for wntrdctors in Okla·homa.

Charles Harbcn says he needs 25 con­traclors 10 handle all Ihe contracting hecan provide. He says he mighl have asfew as 14 in lhe program come Seplem­ber 30th and the end of the fiscal year.

Herhen says he had to tum back 36contrarls worth a ~utal of murc than sixmillion dollars during the final Ihr«Illomhs of fiscal year I'JX2. lie adds... Right now. we are in DESPERATEne~d of con~trul:tion contral'IOr~...

A small Businc:--~ Adrnini,tr~llion

General Counsel Opinion of October X.IgK2 allo\lIs (rib~IIJy·owncli cnterpri"csin stale~ with r..:~rvation" to ~cck partt­Cip~1I10n in Ihe Kia, Pw!!ram. Thl!:-- [ILathe Small Husine:-~ AlImllll\tr..llion ha,not wntten rulcs allu\\ in~ tnN:~ in Okla­homa 10 panll'ip<ttc. 1t;lrhcrt ..a~~ fM:r­miSSion for lh(l~e tnhc~ to do ~o i~ e~

pel' led in lht." n..:ar futurc.

\Vhilc l'llnlr~Il':h carnL'd thwu~h X (i.a)

can proville ~ume gllar:IIlIl.'Cu work forInJi.lI1-tlWncu finlls, thcy 1..';'lnnOI he the~·:III and clld-~a1: upf thc 1'0rnp"ln)·sfinanl,i;,tl existenl.c. 1I:.trhcrt '\iJY'" the:pru~riJl11 "~,~ dt: ... :gncu It) III..lc firm ...ready for l..'nmpc[HIOn in Ihe opt'n ll1<trkctand that (ho~t' iakin!! no 'tt.T~ towardthai gtl;:tl will l"inl! Ihcll1 ...cl\'t:~ Jr(lp~d

from X (aL

Business BriefsAliI/or;" /lIIS;"I'\.' PubU, "';01/\

The following puhlll'ation ... Jrc "vail­ahle frc< from I'uhlic ,\ fbir, Ofllcc.~111\orily Hu~inc~~ De\'elupmcnt :\pcn­l·~. Dl'partlllcnt of COIllI1lCrl'C'. Roolll57 1.\. \Iia,hingto". DC 202311. ~ll~· 377­.\1 6.1.

..lcn'ss Ala~a=;1/('

/),,.,'("wry '1;41lil/0,.;I,\ ;\1(,(liat:"tll1(·!Ji.w' Opporttw;n' Hmu/l}(}okDir{'C'lorr of lHarkc·t;"g 11.\'\i~taIlCt' for

M imlr~t\" H"...iJlo ,. •.VlItiwwl I>in"dory oj Ali1lorl1,l' ,it/mill­

feu tur~'f.\

OAfBI:: Fun,/('c/ Ur,~lIni:cl"OJl." DiTf'cUJr\'M;norit\" ()1\'IIc'r,\l!ip of·~'I1lIlIILJIOIIU'.tS{'S

(Tldrt" C".'t' S/tulic'.\)

Aquaculture. Fisheries. and Food Pm·ceJ:r;ng

Guidt to Ftdtral Aui.ftanct! Progr{lm.ffor Minoriry Business De..elopmentEntt'rprises

Land and Minoriry Enterprise: The Cri·.<i.< and the Opportuniry

Federal Procurement and C(I/Itructin~

Trailling Mal/ual for Minority 1:",,,,­prem'ur,f;

Report of the Task Force' Ofl Educat;olland Trainin!: for Millorit) llusillr.uJ::ntc'rpri,H'

Try U.s (f\'mio1lal IWinority Busim',u1J,r/'f1or) I

\\'o"'c'It-O)\'ne" HtH;m'.\,tl'S

l...."hllll fJU.(;lI(',H Profill's S('r;('.\·

Minority Business PurchasingA ~rel'i;;lll'l)un(il «)mp{l~ed of ~xt'rll­

ti\'c:- frol11 o\"~r 1.000 m:IJor l.·urrx\r~­

tion:-, h..... bt:t'n l·,t:lbll:-hed to inl,,'rca~e

l.·orpur.Ilt..' purcha~'~ l}f :"oupplle ... and :-~r­

\·ke ... from minority tUIll:-, :\ free Jin:c­lory i~ ;;Ibn ~I\'ailablc dC~l'flhing till'typt..: ... of good~ and ...cr\"Il.'C'" ;l\·;libhleffl)m mil1tlrity finn\. Conl~lct: National~lintlrity Pur<.·ha.. ing Council. Policyand ~Iarkd Dc\'dopl1lent. ~linorilY

BU"'lne~~ and Ik\'clopment Agenl..·y,l)cpartl1ll..·nl of (t1I1llllCrcc. ROt"1n1 5h I ~,Wa,hin!,l"n. 1)(' 202.\0 20~·.177-.1'J.16.

:\Iinurity R"sin~ss T~chnolol!~'

Cll'aringhtmseThrough a ~~ril..·s of flnngo\Cmml'nl

Tcdlllkal COl11lllcrl'lali/Jlilm (·cnlt.'r....Ihc dcaringhnu..e Id..:nllfk.. 1lt,.'W pro­dUl·t ... that might ha\'c lunglcrlll .£.h.)\\ Ihpotential 111 the marketplan:. Cunlan:TechlH)!l,!!) ClcaringhtHJ~e ftlf MinorityHu~in..:s~, Nalional Prujcl'{~. MintlfltyHu~iness De\'elopment Agenl'Y. De:p:.tn·ment of COIllIl1Cn:c. Room 570Y.W"shin~tlln. DC 20230i2ll2·.177·.\I63.

:\lin"rit~· Enterprise Small RusinessI",'estmcnt Cumpanil'S (:\Ir.SIUes,

Pri,alc capil"li7.ed t-1ESIlICs. whiehIn"'e... t in lIlinority-owned \·cnturcs. rc·cei\'c lhree dollar:-- of ill\'c~lmclll fund~

fur everyone dollar of pri\'~Hc muncyInve~lcd. Cuntal'C Capital Dc:vclop­mcnl. Minority Bu~ine~"i Dc\'cloplIl("nIA~cn()', Dt:partlllcnl of Comllterce.Ih>01ll 5O'J~. W:tshinflllil. DC 202.10,20~-377·5741.

.-

PotawatomiTransportationSystem

Like Iheir relalives. the Onawa andChippewa, in the period 1642-1760. thePotawatomi were master builders andusers of the large framed barkcnveredcanoes so important in long distancetransponation in Ihis period. This gavethem a decided advalltagc over suchIrihes as the Sauk and Kickapoo. whowere pedestrian,. These larfe barkcanoes ranged in site up 10 thirty feetlong andcighl feel in Ih,' beam. and werecapahle of transponin!! scvcral tons ofgood~ in i.Ilh.lilion co eight or moreadult~. (wer \'ery lon~ dislanccs.

1I0wever. the Utlaw~ anti Chipp.:'\;1.very scallcrcd and dcccntraillc...ocielics, ('l)uld not capltolh7l' 111 their[r:tI1Sp(lrt~I(IOn OIdvantag..:, \\ hI Ie [riht:\like the: MaSl'ClllhHt anti Kir"apoc1 couldnul 1I~r.: Ihe~r.: hark ran{~ ... al all. in Ihi ..rc'pc:cl. th~ POlawatollli enjuyed·alltHh~r techno)ogil..·al auvalHagr.:, (mcth'lt :ltldcu 10 their "lIpcrior organi/ationand theiJ numbcr~ h: prull1utc theirad ....ancement 10 the Greal Llk~~ regionIn addition to bark-daJ fr:lInc canoe.. ,the l"lotawatoll1ie al ...o u'\cu lIugmJl~.

hc" n frurn sulid timht:r" fur lo<.:al tr:m~­

pnnatiun. fi'\hing in Galrn" alcr~ and theIa"c. Howc\'cr. b~ 175~. they beganahandlluin!! the u~c \)1' bark l.'anol.."~

~ntircl)' In favor of hon.c:~. \"hieh tht:)flr~t :u.:yUlrcd in lar~e numbers. in that\ear" II wa:-- in 1755 that th~ PotawOttomijoined the Frl.."nch to ucfcat Gcnenll'Ilraddo"k's army: Their sharc of Ihehooly included sever,,1 hundred packh()r~c~. Thcreafter. m;'lny Pota\\i.ttomJ.especially those soulh of "Iilwaukee. SI.lo cph. and Delroil. wcre increasinglydependent on horsehack transportalion .

HELP MAKETHIS YEAR'S

pow-wow THEBEST EVER ...

BE THERE!

,. "'. -T)_

.... •s l~~, ..., \ ..' ~:,:.M 1'j .. 'j .. .''.,~ - '('

"

t';:......< ',": '~),'''J.'~}<)'.

. ..~.....,. -\,)"r''';- .~ :.... :\ '..,.-~~f,_.... ,

7

The George Winter Collection

The Potawatomi Indian Nation Museum and Scholarship Fund has been established tooffer these prints for sale. The proceeds from the sale of the prints will be used to fund thePotawatomi Museum in Shawnee, Okla., and to aid descendants of Potawatomi who wishto study art or histo"".

Print size is 8'12 x It inches and are suitable for framing. A certificate of authenticitycertifying that they are a numbered, limited edition series will be issued. Prints will bemailed postage-paid and insured for $83.00 for the set of 8. Mail check or money order to:

o-<iPLAC~

... . ..

,'J". -~

~!F, ._:

'. \. .. ,.

FIRE LAKE

Potawatoml Indian Nation Museum & Scholarship Fund.P.O. Box. 15653Del City. Okla. 73115

IALLOW 4 WEEKS FOR DELIVERY)The COSI Of The Prints Is

TllIX Deductibk!

George Winter. one of Indiana's most unusual pioneers,was an Enghsh artist with a romantic desire to depict theIndians of the Wabash Valley.

The visual record he left is receiving renewed recognitionas part of Indiana's heritage.

Winter made many sketches in pencil and watercolor of thegathering in the forest near Kee·wau·nay Lake (now calledBruce Lake in Fulton County). Later, he used two of theon-scene sketches as subjects for large oil paintings.

Winter also witnessed the final exodus, the start of the "Trail of Death," when the last ofthe Potawatomi began their forced march to the West. Again, Winter recorded the patheticscene in several sketches.

Driving Range&

Citizen Band ofPotawatomi IndiaDs

of OklahomaROUTE 5. BOX 151

SHAWNEE. OKLAHOMA 74801

l) S POStAGE

PAIDSHAW,,",tE O":lA

PfA",," NO )<j~

PRO SHOPopen daily

Contact: MIKE KIMMEL(405) 275-4471

S. BEARD, SUAWNEE, OK

SUBSCRIPTIONSSubscriptions to the How-Ni·Kan

are available through the CitizenBand Potawalomi Tribal Office. Therate is $1.00 per year. 1\ subscriptionyerconsists of four issues. The Hmo·Ni·Kan is published quanerly. If youwish to subscribe, send your dollarsto HOW-NI-KAN, Roule 115. Box151, Shawnee, Oklahoma 7480l.Renewal month for each year is Feb­ruary as the paper comes out inMarch. June, September. and Dc·cember.

If you wish to have your article orpoem published in the"How·Ni·Kan" newspaper, send it 10:PotawatDmi Indians of Oklahoma,ROUle 5. Box 151, Shawnee,Oklahoma, 74801.

8