people friendly design

7/26/2019 People Friendly Design

1/57


2/57

PEOPLE-FRIENDLY DESIGN

CASE STUDIES AND PANEL

DISCUSSION

Nicole Walters

Human Factors and

Ergonomics Society

of Australia

SA Branch


3/57

9.00am to 9.20am Welcome Nicole Walters

9.25am to 9.45am Greg Walters. State Manager, Sinclair Knight Merz

9.50am to 10.10am Ben Luther. SQNLDR, ARDU ASO & Flight Test

Safety Officer, DSTO

10.10am to 10.20am Stretch break

10.20am to 10.40am Kevin Prunty. Management Systems andOperations - SA & Victoria, GM Holden Ltd

10.40 am to 11.15am (25 minutes) Group

exercise

11.20am to 11.50am Panel discussion

(Speakers)

Guest Speakers

11.50am to 12.00pm Wrap-up Nicole Walters

Timings


4/57

People-friendly design is where human factors and

ergonomic principles are incorporated into design,so that

the personis considered a central and essential part of the

design process.

Setting the context


5/57

Systems designed to fit people (not vice-versa).

Reduces training time.

Minimises human error.

Improves comfort, safety, and productivity

User-Centered Design


6/57

Scope of Human Factors

Copied from Introduction to Human Factors 2010 Dr. Steve Kass, Department of Psychology, University of West Florida


7/57

Everythin g people interact w ith!

Focuses upon human interaction with:

Products

Equipment

Facilities

Procedures

EnvironmentsWHS harmonised legislative requirements

Ergonomics in design


8/57

Australian Work Health

and Safety Strategy 2012

2022

seven action areas

Healthy & Safe by Design

Safe Work Australia

Australian Work Health and Safety Strategy 20122022


9/57

Action area

Hazards are eliminated or minimised by design

Structures, plant and substances are designed to

eliminate or minimise hazards and risks beforethey are introduced into the workplace.

Work, work processes and systems of work are

designed and managed to eliminate or minimise

hazards and risks.

Healthy and safe by design

Australian Work Health and Safety Strategy 20122022


10/57

NOHSC Research finding (1997

2002)

Design contributed to -

37% of work-related serious and fatal injuries

Most affected industries: mining, construction, transport,agriculture, trade and manufacturing

Solutions exist for most of the identified design problems

Inferior design continues to be a significant contributor to

work-related serious injury in Australia

Why design for safety?


11/57

Safe Design Process

Integration of hazard identification andrisk assessmentmethods early in the design process to eliminateorminimise

the risks of injury throughout the life of the product being

designed.

A product may be:Buildings, facilities, structures, layouts, configurations

Plant including machinery, equipment, appliances and tools

Substances and materials

Work methods and systems of work

ASCC2006 Guidance on The Principles of Safe Design for Work


12/57

WHS Act - duties of PCBU that design plant, substancesand structures

WHS Regulationsduties of designers in specific

regulations e.g. hazardous manual tasks, noise, plant

Codes of Practice e.g.

Safe Design of Structures

Hazardous Manual Tasks

Managing Noise & Preventing Hearing Loss at Work

WHS Legislation


13/57

Information

Theory

Memory

Resources

Attention

Resources

Compatibility

Expectations

Input Modalities

AnthropometricsStrength

capability

Visual acuity

Acoustic

sensitivity

Human Considerations


14/57

Five fundamental fallaciesof Ergonomics

1. This design is satisfactory for me, therefore it will be satisfactory for

everybody else.

2. This design is satisfactory for the average person, it will therefore be

satisfactory for everybody else.

3. The variability of human beings is so great that it cannot possibly be catered

for in any designbut since people are so wonderfully adaptableit doesn'tmatter anyway.

4. Ergonomics is expensive and since products are actually purchased on

appearance and styling, ergonomics considerations can be conveniently

ignored.

5. Ergonomics is an excellent idea. I always design things with ergonomics in

mindbut I do it intuitivelyand rely on my common sense so I don't need data.

Pheasant, Stephen (1988) 'Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and Design 'Taylor and Francis, London p. 8


15/57

Shhhh!................. Here comes one now!


16/57

We cannot change the Human Condition

but we can change the conditions

in which humans work.

James Reason


17/57

Greg Walters -State Manager South Australia, Sinclair

Knight Merz

Ben Luther SQNLDR, ARDU ASO & Flight Test Safety

Officer, DSTO

Kevin Prunty -Management Systems and Operations - SA &

Victoria, GM Holden Ltd

Speakers


18/57


19/57

Taking human factors into account as part of the

engineering /design /process requires the design of:

Equipment,

Products,

Operations,

Procedures,

Work environments.

such that they are compatible with the capabilities,

limitations and needs of the workers.

How to incorporate HF in the design process?


20/57

Equipment Designchange physical equipment

Task Designchange how task is accomplished

Environmental Designchange features of the work environment

Trainingchange worker behavior by providing skills and teaching

procedures

Selectionrecognise individual differences in ability to accomplish

work

Approaches for Problem-Solving


21/57


22/57

People Friendly

Design in the Built

Environment

Greg WaltersSA State Manager SKM


23/57

Basic Physiology (ergonomics)

Stressors

Cognition and Decision Making

Teamwork, Communication and Culture

Human Error

People Friendly Design Human Factors


24/57

Workspace Physiology

Office fit out considerationsworkstations, space, noise,

light, amenity, quiet rooms, how teams interact, open space v

offices, morale, cost

Workspace Design

Basic Physiology Office Design and Fitout


25/57

Workstation Ergonomics


26/57

Physiological

Nutrition(Well Being)

Illness(Health)

Psychological

Anxiety and Stress(Well Being)

Workload and Task Complexity

Sleep and Fatigue(Safety)

Environmental

Temperature and Humidity(Health and Safety) Noise and Vibration(Health and Safety)

Stressors
http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851060http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851057http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851058http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851062http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851062http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851061http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851058http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851057http://learn.unisa.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php?id=1851060


27/57

Health and Well Being

Mental Health

Employee Assistance Program

Stressors


28/57

The person is considered a central and essential part of

the design process.

People friendly design is more than just ergonomics.

Implementation takes leadership.

Key Lessons Learned


29/57

Making Planes

That Work

Ben Luther

- human factors in aviation


30/57

Aerodynamics: weight / space

Problem Space


31/57

Situational

Awareness

Problem Space


32/57

Crew

Problem Space


33/57

Talent pool

Capability

Training

Cost

Safety

Benefits


34/57

Gauges

Technical Examples


35/57

Gauges

Technical Examples


36/57

Gauges

Technical Examples

098.95

N1% Prop%

Engine

099.65

100.85099.45

099.05

099.35

098.80099.75


37/57

Placement (prioritisation)

Technical Examples


38/57

PC-9 OLM

G-gauge

Case Studies

6.5 g


39/57

KC-30 pilot stick

Use in AAR

Case Studies


40/57

Complex problems complex solutions

Operating environment matters

Conclusion


41/57


42/57

Our emp loyees are ou r most p recious asset .

The vehicle build process must not injure our workers.

Processes must be based on sound ergonomic principles.

Assembly process must be designed around the worker.

You cant manage what you dont measure!

Comparing apples with apples helps. Standardization and

leveraging global experience and support..

Building Cars with People as the Focus.


43/57

Carpet Lifter

Designed around ergonomic manual

handling and safe and secure manipulation

of vehicle carpet.

Previously high ergonomic risk.

Case Studies.


44/57

Vehicle Battery Lifter

Designed around safe and secure

manipulation of Battery.

Previously awkward and heavy.

Case Studies.


45/57

VF Commodore - Front end access. Designed to provide ergonomically sound

access to the front end of the vehicle for

fitment and assembly of components. Earlier models (pre VE) required awkward

and unsafe access into engine bay.

Case Studies.

Case Studies


46/57

Tools utilised for ergonomic review.

GEST 2. (Global Ergonomic Screening Tool) 3DSSP Analysis.

Case Studies.

Case Studies


47/57

Case Studies.

Case Studies


48/57

Case Studies.


49/57

Consultation

Group Exercise


50/57

Consultation

Consulting in the workplace with those

potentially affected by the design decisions.

Consultation involves the sharing of

information, giving workers a reasonable

opportunity to express their views and taking

those views into account before making

decisions on health and safety matters.


51/57

Group exercise

Break up into small groups and discuss the following:

Where does consultation fit into people-friendly design?

How can workers participate/contribute in the design process?

How are workers currently involved in the design process in

your workplace?

How can worker consultation be improved?

Each group to come up with at least two take home messages


52/57

Panel discussion


53/57

Panel discussion about the safety strategies of people

friendly designs:

Benefits of people-friendly design from a WHS, comfort

and efficiency perspective

Key lessons learned through the process.

Panel Discussion


54/57

Wrap up

What do you think of the five fundamental fallacies?

What are the key learnings from the session?

Human Factors and Ergonomic Society

www.ergonomics.org.au

Thank our speakers today

www.ergonomics.org.au
http://www.ergonomics.org.au/http://www.ergonomics.org.au/http://www.ergonomics.org.au/http://www.ergonomics.org.au/


55/57

Five fundamental fallaciesof Ergonomics

1. This design is satisfactory for me, therefore it will be satisfactory for

everybody else.

2. This design is satisfactory for the average person, it will therefore be

satisfactory for everybody else.

3. The variability of human beings is so great that it cannot possibly be catered

for in any designbut since people are so wonderfully adaptableit doesn't

matter anyway.

4. Ergonomics is expensive and since products are actually purchased on

appearance and styling, ergonomics considerations can be conveniently

ignored.

5. Ergonomics is an excellent idea. I always design things with ergonomics in

mindbut I do it intuitivelyand rely on my common sense so I don't need data.

Pheasant, Stephen (1988) 'Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and Design 'Taylor and Francis, London p. 8


56/57


57/57

people friendly design

Documents