people and ideas on the move, 3500 b.c. – 259 b.c
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER. 3. QUIT. People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C. Chapter Overview. Time Line. Indo-European Migrations. 1. SECTION. Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism. 2. SECTION. MAP. Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries. 3. SECTION. The Origins of Judaism. 4. SECTION. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C.
QUIT
Chapter OverviewChapter Overview
Time LineTime Line
Visual SummaryVisual Summary
SECTION Indo-European Migrations 1
SECTION Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism2
SECTION Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries 3
SECTION The Origins of Judaism 4
3CHAPTER
MAP
GRAPH
HOME
Chapter Overview
Migrations and trade networks carry new ideas, languages, and cultures throughout the Mediterranean and as far east as South Asia. Three major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism, emerge during this period.
People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C. 3
CHAPTER
2000 B.C. Hittites migrate to Anatolia.
1500 B.C. Aryans invade India.
1100 B.C. Phoenicians begin to dominate Mediterranean trade.
814 B.C. Carthage founded as a Phoenician trade center.
People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. – 259 B.C. 3
CHAPTER
Time Line
3500 B.C. 259 B.C.
HOME
Migrations of Indo-Europeans into parts of Europe and South Asia introduce new ideas and languages and result in a blend of new and old cultures.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Indo-EuropeanMigrations
1HOME
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Indo-European peoples migrated into Europe, India, and Southwest Asia and interacted with peoples living there.
Half the people living today speak languages that stem from the original Indo-European languages.
Overview
Indo-EuropeanMigrations
1
AssessmentAssessment
• Indo-Europeans
• steppes
• migration
• Hittites
• Anatolia
• Aryans
• Vedas
• Brahmin
• caste
• Mahabharata
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
Indo-European
1. List the names of some modern languages that stem from Indo-European roots.
Indo-EuropeanMigrations
1
Section 1 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
English
French
Greek
Spanish
Swedish Hindi
Russian Persian
2. What important contributions did the Aryan invaders make to the culture and way of life in India? THINK ABOUT
Section
Indo-EuropeanMigrations
1
1 Assessment
• roles in society • religion• literature
ANSWERANSWER
continued . . .
• Roles in society: Aryan caste system ruled India for over 3,000 years.
• Religion: Aryan deities of the Vedas entered the Hindu religion.
• Literature: The Vedas, Upanishads, and Mahabharata are great literary works with Aryan subjects or themes.
Possible Responses:
HOME
3. For what environmental reasons might the Indo-Europeans have migrated? THINK ABOUT
Section
Indo-EuropeanMigrations
1
1 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
End of Section 1
• Weather: Grazing lands may have dried up.
• Occupational needs: Their population may have grown too large to feed.
• Health: They may have been escaping from diseases or invaders.
Possible Responses:
HOME
• weather• occupational needs
• health
Hinduism has no one founder but promotes a unified world view and a rigid caste system. Buddhism’s founder, Siddhartha Gautama, preaches the way of moderation and rejects the Aryan caste system.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism
2HOME
MAP
Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism
2
The religious beliefs of the Vedic Age eventually developed into Hinduism and Buddhism.
Almost one-fifth of the world’s people today practice one of these two religions.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• reincarnation
• karma
• Jainism
• Siddhartha Gautama
• enlightenment
• nirvana
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
MAP
Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism
2
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare Hindu and Buddhist beliefs and practices.
Section 2 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
Both
Reincarnation
Cyclical view of history
Belief in a state of enlightenment (Hindu moksha, Buddhist nirvana)
Caste system
Animal sacrifice
The Middle Way (Eightfold Path)
Four Noble Truths
Hinduismonly
Buddhismonly
MAP
Roots of Hinduism and Buddhism
2
2. How might the belief in reincarnation provide a form of social control? THINK ABOUT
Section 2 Assessment
• karma • the belief in the interrelatedness of all life
• caste
ANSWERANSWER
• Karma: Karma motivates people to obey society’s laws.
• Belief in the interrelatedness of all life: People would be reluctant to harm any life form.
• Caste: Those born into a lower caste might work hard to achieve a higher caste in their next life.
HOME
Possible Responses:
MAP
End of Section 2
Ancient sea traders spread goods, culture, and innovative ideas in the Mediterranean and beyond. The Phoenicians are not only a great seafaring people but give the world the first written alphabet
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries
3HOME
Trading societies extended the development of civilizations beyond the Fertile Crescent region.
Traders spread knowledge of reading and writing, including an ancient form of the alphabet that we use today.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Minoans
• Aegean Sea
• Knossos
• King Minos
• Phoenicians
Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries
3
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries
3
1. Below is a list of accomplishments. Identify feats that were Minoan and those that were Phoenician.
Section 3 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
Minoan Phoenician
•dominated trade (2000–1400 B.C.)•set up numerous city-states•developed an alphabet•produced a famous purple dye•jumped over bulls for fun•produced fine painted pottery
•dominated trade (2000–1400 B.C.)•jumped over bulls for fun•produced fine painted pottery
•set up numerous city-states•developed an alphabet•produced a famous purple dye
Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries
3
Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
• “What some may believe, though I do not.”
• Herodotus was a historian. He did not want to tarnish his reputation by reporting something unlikely. There was no evidence of a second trip, so Herodotus was rightly skeptical.
Possible Responses:
2. In Herodotus’s account of how the Phoenicians sailed around Africa, what words show Herodotus’s doubt? Why do you think he expresses doubts? THINK ABOUT
• the sources that reported the feat • Herodotus as a historian • the Phoenicians’ seafaring skills
continued . . .
HOME
• the fact that the trip was not repeated for 2000 years
3. The Phoenicians founded wealthy city-states around the Mediterranean. These city-states often competed with one another. Do you think it would have made more sense for the city-states to cooperate or did competition make them stronger? THINK ABOUT
Section
Seafaring Traders Extend Boundaries
3
3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
End of Section 3
• Cooperation: Had Phoenicians united, they could have pooled their resources and been an even stronger and more profitable trading power.
• Competition: This keeps traders on their toes, so Phoenicians in all cities would have been better merchants.
HOME
• advantages of a unified country
• benefits of competition • advantages of independence
Possible Responses:
The religion of the ancient Hebrews is the world’s first major monotheistic religion. The Hebrews establish covenants with God, who is over all people. Their ethical and moral systems, as set forth in the Torah and Ten Commandments, become a foundation for Christianity and Islam.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
The Origins of Judaism 4HOME
GRAPH
The Hebrews maintained monotheistic religious beliefs that were unique in the ancient world.
From this tradition, Judaism, the religion of the Jews, evolved. Judaism is one of the world’s major religions.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• Palestine
• Canaan
• Torah
•Abraham
• monotheism
• covenant
• Moses
• Israel
• Judah
• tribute
The Origins of Judaism 4
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
GRAPH
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major Hebrew leaders discussed in this section. Then give one piece of information about each.
4
continued . . .
Section 4 Assessment
HOME
GRAPH
Abraham:Father of Jewish
people
Deborah:A prominent
judge
Moses:Led Hebrews out of slavery
Saul, David, Solomon:Kings under whom
Hebrews united
2000 B.C. 1200 B.C.1300 B.C. 1020-922 B.C.
The Origins of Judaism
Section 4 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
2. What were the main problems faced by the Hebrews between 2000 B.C. and 700 B.C.? THINK ABOUT
• the quest for a homeland
• other peoples hardships
4
• problems among Hebrews
• constantly moving from place to place • being forced into slavery in Egypt • fighting with neighbors over land • worshiping other gods • performing forced labor• paying high taxes • dividing the Hebrew kingdom in two
Possible Responses:
HOME
GRAPH
The Origins of Judaism
End of Section 4