pennsylvania birds · pennsylvania birds 182 volume 8 no. 4 letters dear editors: i have been...
TRANSCRIPT
Contents
181 Editorial
182 Letters
183 1994-95 Christmas Bird Counts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alan Gregory
201 Neotropical Migrants in Pennsylvania
Evidence of Absence or Absence of evidence?. P. Hess & T. Floyd
204 Scenario of the Upland Sandpiper in Western Pa.. . . . . . . Gene W ilhelm
207 Miracle at Imperial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ted Floyd
208 Future Breeders in Pa.? More Guesses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ted Floyd
209 Site Guide: Unami Creek Valley (Montgomery).. . . . . . . . . . . Kevin Crilley
211 Photographic Highlights
215 Cooper's Hawk Utilizing Carrion. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul & Glenna Schwalbe
216 Checklist of the Birds of Blair County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paula Ford
218 Rare Bird Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nick Pulcinella
Cinnamon Teal, Green-tailed Towhee, Yellow W arbler
220 Marsh Monitoring Program Needs You. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amy Chabot
221 Ornithological Technical Committee — Minutes. . . . . . . Laurie Goodrich
222 Summary of the Season
223 Notes From the Field
227 Compilers and Observers
229 Rare and Unusual Bird Reports
232 County Reports - October through December 1994
244 Index to Volume 8
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDSJournal of the Pennsylvania Society for Ornithology
VOLUME 8, NUMBER 4, OCT – DEC 1994
Franklin C. Haas & Barbara M. Haas
Editors-in-chief
(717) 445-9609
Department
Editors
Christmas Counts
& Migration CountAlan GregoryPO Box 571Conyngham, PA 18219717-788-1425
Hawk Watch ReportsMark Blauer240 Pine St.Nanticoke, PA 18634717-735-7172
Site GuidesRudy KellerRR4, Box 235Boyertown, PA 19512610-367-9376
Personality ProfilesArlene Koch1375 Raubsville Rd.Easton, PA 18042610-253-6377
Rare Bird ReportsNick PulcinellaApt 6 201 Elm Ave.Swarthmore, PA 19081610-543-8360
Book ReviewsGene Wilhelm147 Cemetery Rd.
Slippery Rock, PA 16057 ILLUSTRATIONS:
412-794-2434 COVER: Cinnamon Teal by Randy Miller
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 181 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS (ISSN 0898-8501) is published four times a year by Pennsylvania Birds. Editorial and business offices are located at 2469Hammertown Road, Narvon, PA 17555-9726. Subscriptions, all in US$: One year U.S.A. $17.50, Canada $30, Foreign $40. Library rate $28. Singlecopies: $3 (1988 only), $4.50 (89-94). Checks and money orders in U.S.$ only should be made payable to PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS. Copyright© 1995 by Franklin C. Haas and Barbara M. Haas.SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT NARVON, PA 17555POSTMASTER: Send address changes to PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS, 2469 Hammertown Road, Narvon, PA 17555-9726.
from the Editors...
It is now mid-March as we are
putting the finishing touches on
this issue before it goes to the
printer. Who would have thought
that temperatures had reached
into the 70s and Barb had already
played a few rounds of golf. Last
year at this time we still had over a
foot of snow on the ground and
were among the many suffering
cabin fever. Even on a trip to New
England, we found they did not
have much snow either. From a
record-cold to a record-warm
winter in just one year.
We are gearing up for
beginning our ninth year of
publication. If you haven't sent
your Pennsylvania list totals to
Terry Schiefer by now, please do
so. The reporting form was
included with the last issue. The
first issue for 1995 (due out in
June) will have these data and he
needs your input as soon as
possible. We also hope to have the
Hawk Migration Counts for that
issue.
With the new format, finding
references to particular species is
so easy, we have reduced the index
to a listing of articles and authors
only.
If your are sending us an
article (and we sure hope you will
consider doing so), please try and
send it on disk. W e use
WordPerfect™ 6.0 but can virtually
translate any word processing
document. It is always safe to also
include the document on the disk
in ASCII. It is not critical on short
articles or notes, but on the longer
articles it can save us scads of time
without having to "retype" what
was already typed. The prevalency
of computers in this day and age
should make this an option to
almost all of you. If you don't have
access to a computer, a typewritten
copy is acceptable. Thanks.
PSO ANNUAL MEETING
You will find a registration
form for the PSO annual meeting
inside the back mailing cover. This
meeting promises to be a great
meeting, with interesting programs
and field trips. The theme this year
is Audubon's America. As you
know, John James Audubon did
much of his field work in
Pennsylvania, and we will be
meeting in an area in which he
spent some time. Some of the field
trips will cover areas explored and
studied by Audubon. There will be
a program on Friday evening about
his travels in the area. And don't
miss Frank's multi-screen hawk
identification program! It is the
ONLY way bird identification
programs should be presented.
But the best part of these
meetings is meeting other birders,
catching up with old friends, and
sharing war stories! Please join us.
OTC
With this issue, we are
including reports from the
O r i n t h o l o g i c a l T e c h n i c a l
Committee of the Pennsylvania
Biological Survey. This body
addresses issues concerning birds
in Pennsylvania and serves as an
ad visory com m ittee to th e
Pennsylvania Game Commission
on bird-related matters. There will
be a more in-depth article about
the committee and its functions in
an upcoming issue.
NAMC
Don't forget the upcoming
North American Migration Count
on May 13, 1995. If your county
does not participate, why not
organize it now? Contact Alan
Gregory on how you can become a
part of this effort (address inside
front cover). The NAMC is similar
to the CBC in that you go out and
count all of the birds you can find
in a given area, but differs in using
county boundaries to define the
area covered and all counts are
done on the same day, rather than
spread out over several weeks.
It certainly is a fun way to
spend a beautiful day in May. You
would probably be out birding
anyway, so why not contribute?
Barb & Frank Haas
Chief Editors
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 182 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
LETTERS
Dear Editors:
I have been reading with
interest the continuing saga of
nesting Sandhill Cranes in
Lawrence County, Pa., as related in
the pages of Pa. Birds [7(3):91-92
and 8(3): 136-137] by Gene
Wilhelm. In his most recent article,
Dr. Wilhelm relates the status of
Sandhill Crane in Ohio through
mid-1988, the cut-off date for Bruce
Peterjohn's Birds of Ohio. Since
the status of this species has
changed considerably since the
publication of Birds of Ohio, I
thought that the following update
(with a focus on northeastern Ohio)
might be of interest to readers of
Pa. Birds.
Sandhill Cranes are now
annual spring and fall migrants
through northeastern Ohio, being
reported in small numbers every
year since 1991. These sightings
are presumably artifacts of
increasing numbers being found
elsewhere in the Midwest. These
increases are also reflected in
southwestern Ohio, where totals
have jumped every autumn since
1989, building up to 850+
individuals being reported during
the autumn of 1993 (our latest
av a i lab le co m p le te au tu m n
season). Christmas Bird Counts
records are also on the rise,
especially in the south.
Of more interest (with respect
to recent Pennsylvania nestings) is
the fact that Sandhill Cranes have
resumed nesting in Ohio, and have
apparently nested every year since
1987 or 1988 in southwestern
Wayne Co., roughly 75 air miles
from Youngstown, OH (adjacent to
Lawrence County, Pa.). Although
sources conflict as to the exact year
w hen nesting w as in itially
confirmed, adults were noted as
being present in the nesting area
as early as 1985. In mid-May 1988,
a nest with 2 eggs was detected by
Ohio Division of Wildlife personnel
engaged in a helicopter survey. The
species nested in this area every
year through 1992, when two nests
were confirmed and a third was
thought possible. Although we
have no data for 1993, 1–2 pair
were still present in spring 1994.
A n o t h e r u n p u b l i s h e d b u t
confirmed nesting took place in
northeastern Wayne Co. in 1989.
Other areas of northeastern
Ohio have also hosted potential
nesters since 1991, including late
spring/ early summer records from
Ashtabula, Geauga, and Lorain
Cos. Although nesting has not been
confirmed from any of these area,
suitable habitat does seem to be
present.
Previous to the above records,
Sandhill Crane was last confirmed
as an Ohio nester in 1926.
Although it took nearly 60 years,
this species does seem to be on the
rebound in Ohio. Hopefully,
Pennsylvania will also share in this
positive situation.
Robert Harlan, Editor
The Ohio Cardinal
7072 Parma Park Blvd.
Parma Hts., OH 44130
(216) 843-8750
Dear Editors,
...I was interested in your
point about the statwide Black
Tern flight last 14 August (Pa.
Birds 8:157). Checking out the
"Rare and Unusual Bird Reports"
section, it looks as if 14 August was
also the day for American Avocet,
with 19 birds in 4 counties —
interesting, if unexplainable.
Ted Floyd
Pesticide Research Laboratory
Penn State University
University Park, PA 16802
P.O.R.C
N o m i n a t i o n s
Sought
The Pennsy lvaniaOrnithological RecordsCommittee will have twopositions up for election thisMay. If you are interested inserving on this committee,send your resume to:
Douglas GrossChairmanOrnithological TechnicalCommitteeRR1, Box 1795Berwick, PA 17859
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 183 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
1994-95 Christmas Bird Countsby Alan Gregory
The 1994-1995 Christmas Bird
Count period — the 95th CBC — was 17
December 1994 to 2 January 1995. A
total of 63 official counts, and one new
unofficial (Somerset) count, were
conducted in Pennsylvania, an increase
of one from 1993-1994. Two of those 63
counts were new. They are Lake
Raystown and Tunkhannock. The
established count in the Johnstown area
was not conducted.
WEATHER
The 1994-1995 count period in
Pennsylvania was distinguished by its
moderate, largely uneventful weather
pattern and the lack of any significant
incursion into the state by "winter
finches." But, while the "winter finches"
did not visit Pennsylvania, the 1994-1995
count period was marked by an increase
in the number of individuals of
half-hardy species tallied across the
state.
The CBC period followed a fall
marked by above-average temperatures
and near-average precipitation. The
1994-1995 CBC period opened on 17 Dec.
with wet, often foggy weather. Some
compilers of counts held on that day
reported less diversity of species and
lower counts for selected species. Counts
held the following day enjoyed mostly dry
weather.
This moderate late fall/early winter
weather continued through most of the
remaining count period for much of the
state. Only a few northern counties with
relatively high elevation had any
significant snow cover during the count
period. Participants in the 26 Dec.
Southeastern Bradford Co. CBC, for
example, noticed a consistent snow cover
in Sullivan Co. in the area of Ricketts
Glen State Park while transiting that
county heading north to their count
circle. Temperatures in southern
Luzerne Co. on the edge of the Pocono
Plateau stayed 5E to 10E higher than
average throughout the count period.
And while several snowstorms crossed
Pennsylvania in January, the first
significant (6 or more inches) storm held
off until early February. Many
newspapers were running front-page
stories by mid-January about the
"missing" winter. The Pittsburgh region,
which receives an average of more than
43 inches of snow through mid-February,
had received only about 14 inches
through the third week of February.
WINTER FINCHES
While the 1993-1994 count was
marked by a tremendous influx of
Common Redpolls into the state (indeed
the entire Northeast and mid-Atlantic
regions), these birds of the far north
along with Pine Siskins and Evening
Grosbeaks were nearly absent from
Pennsylvania for the latest CBC period.
Only three Pennsylvania CBCs reported
grosbeaks. Only four tallied siskins — a
total of just 11 individuals. Just 20
redpolls were recorded statewide in the
latest count. Evening Grosbeaks were
more evident than siskins, with a total of
38 recorded statewide (Emporium tallied
24), but that's still far below the 2,563
individuals tallied statewide in
1993-1994.
CBC compilers to the north, in
Maine and Canada, noted a superb
spruce cone crop in their regions, which
could account, in part, for the
near-absence of "winter finches" from
Pennsylvania during this latest CBC
period (even though a good cone crop was
evident in Pennsylvania's native Red
Spruce habitats and in rural and urban
spruce plantings across the state).
Even field workers on the
Algonquin Provincial Park CBC, about
150 miles north of Toronto, noted very
few Pine Siskins or Evening Grosbeaks
and no redpolls. That count did, however,
enjoy success with crossbills (3527 Red
and 2500 White-winged).
TRENDS
Meanwhile, in Pennsylvania, many
individuals of half-hardy species stayed
in the state through the CBC period,
attracted to linger perhaps by the mild
weather. Higher-than-average numbers
of Ruby-crowned Kinglets and Hermit
Thrushes, among other species, stuck it
out in the state long enough to be
recorded on CBCs. These species also
weren't limited just to southeastern
counts — they showed up across the
state.
Let's look more in-depth at several
of these half-hardy species.
The Eastern Phoebe regularly
lingers in Pennsylvania through early
winter. Two years ago (1992-1993), CBC
field workers recorded a total of 8
phoebes in 7 counts with a single high
count of 2 birds on the Upper Bucks Co.
CBC. Last year (1993-1994), the
statewide tally rose to 19 individuals,
with a high of 6 birds on the Southern
Lancaster Co. count. This year
(1994-1995) also generated a total of 19
individuals, with a high of 4 on the
Southern Lancaster count.
The Carolina Wren was impacted
heavily by the winter of 1993-1994. The
statewide results from the past three
years tell the story.
STATE HIGH COUNTYEAR TOTAL COUNT TOTAL1992-93 4,356 Glenolden 4011993-94 2,989 Glenolden 2431994-95 1,275 Solanco 155
The latest CBC records tell the
story of this species' losses over the
1993-1994 winter. Only 1275 wrens were
recorded statewide, a severe decline by
anyone's definition. The forthcoming
North American Migration Count and
the 1995-1996 CBC will, perhaps, reflect
this wren's recovery. I urge birders to
keep written records of this species'
status in their local areas in order that
we might better track its future status
and recovery.
The Hermit Thrush, a species that
regularly winters in Pennsylvania in
small numbers, is a berry-eating bird and
thus is not as heavily impacted by deep
snow cover and extreme cold. The
number of individual thrushes recorded
over the past three counts shows little
fluctuation. The 1992-1993 statewide
tally of 186 individuals on 35 counts was
only one bird shy of the 187 thrushes on
32 counts recorded in 1993-1994 — again
a high level of consistency. The
1994-1995 CBC generated a statewide
tally of 234 thrushes on 36 counts, not a
real significant increase, but nonetheless
indicative perhaps of the effects of the
mild fall-early winter period.
A fourth species that regularly
winters in Pennsylvania — again in
relatively small but stable numbers — is
the Yellow-rumped (Mrytle) Warbler.
This warbler's numbers increased
significantly in the recent count over the
previous two counts. Staewide, 1373
"Myrtle" warblers were tallied. This
compares with just 446 in the 1993-1994
count and 850 individuals in 1992-1993.
The mild fall-early winter also
appeared to prompt higher-than-average
numbers of Ruby-crowned Kinglets to
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 184 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
A WEALTH OF WARBLERS
Warblers made an impressive showing on PA's CBCs this year,with ten species statewide. This was the best since 1984 when therewere nine. Over the past 45 years, 20 species of warbler have beenrecorded on Pennsylvania's CBCs. The average per year has beengrowing steadily; it was 2.6 in the '50s, 2.5 in the '60s, 5.4 in the '70s, 5.4in the '80s, and 6.6 from 90-94. The highest years were '71(8), '74(9),'84(8), '91(8), and '94(10). Part of this is due to the number of countsgrowing from 23 in 1950 to 64 this year. However, the number of warblerspecies per count has also been growing. A listing of the species and thenumbers of years between 1950 and 1994 that they have occurred areshown in the table below.
Frank HaasSPECIES YEARSWARBLER, ORANGE-CROWNED 10
NASHVILLE 2PARULA, NORTHERN 1WARBLER, YELLOW 2
CAPE MAY 4YELLOW-RUMPED 45BLACK-THROATED GREEN 2YELLOW-THROATED 1PINE 18PRAIRIE 2PALM 26BLACK-AND-WHITE 6
REDSTART, AMERICAN 2OVENBIRD 8WATERTHRUSH, NORTHERN 2WARBLER, KENTUCKY 1YELLOWTHROAT, COMMON 32WARBLER, WILSON'S 5CHAT, YELLOW-BREASTED 20DENDROICA SP. 3
Table 1. Years of occurrence of warbler species on Pennsylvania CBCs from 1950to 1994.
linger in Pennsylvania. A statewide tally
of 539 ruby-crowns is significantly higher
than the 176 for 1993-1994 and the 171
individuals tallied in 1992-1993.
OWLS
Several counts had good success in
censusing these mostly nocturnal
raptors. This is a traditional weak spot
for many CBCs, as there has always been
a tendency among some field workers to
stop looking for more individuals of a
given species once a representative bird
has been found and tallied for that
species.
Several Pennsylvania CBCs,
however, made consistent efforts in the
recent count period to generate a more
representative sampling of the owls
within their count circles. The Upper
Bucks Co. CBC had the highest diversity
with 149 individuals of six species. Next
was Elverson with 103 individuals of five
species and Bloomsburg also had five
species, but a lower number of
individuals, 63. A field worker on the
Emporium count took the time to band a
Northern Saw-whet Owl. No Snowy Owls
were reported on Pennsylvania CBCs,
although there were several of these
visitors from the tundra in the region
through most of the count period. This
included an owl that frequented the area
of National Airport in Washington, D.C.
I again urge field workers to
generate more "owling" hours and thus
provide more data on the owls within
their count circles. Much remains to be
learned of the state's population of owls,
particularly of such difficult-to-find
species as the Saw-whet and Long-eared.
RARITIES
Despite the near-absence of
"winter" finches, the list of unusual/rare
species recorded in Pennsylvania in the
most recent count was nonetheless
impressive.
Here are a few of the more
noteworthy examples:
- Red-throated Loon: Somerset and
Southern Lancaster Co. (Solanco).
- Red-necked Grebe: Solanco.
- American White Pelican: Beaver.
- Great Cormorant: Delaware Co. (4)
and Pennypack (5).
- Greater White-fronted Goose: Upper
Bucks Co..
- Ross' Goose: Solanco.
- Sandhill Crane: Solanco.
- Western Kingbird: Solanco.
- Orange-crowned Warbler: Southern
Bucks Co., Reading, Newville, and
Hamburg.
- Northern Parula: Harrisburg.
- Black-throated Green Warbler:
Glenolden.
- Yellow-throated Warbler: Newville.
- Prairie Warbler: Tunkhannock.
- Dickcissel: Chambersburg and Lehigh.
- Green-tailed Towhee: Upper Bucks
Co.
- Clay-colored Sparrow: Central Bucks
Co.
- Dark-eyed "Oregon" Junco :
Pittsburgh.
The following is a list of each count;
the date it was held; any count-week
species recorded; age notations for
selected species; what forms of certain
species were recorded (e.g., Snow Goose
"blue" form), and total party-hours. Note
that some compilers did not report their
count's party-hours. And, while most
compilers also provided a list of their
participants, space unfortunately does
not allow us to list participants' names.
Audubon – 7 Jan.; 152 party-hours; Tony
F e r n a n d e s , c o m p i l e r , 7 4 1
Monument Rd, Malvern 19355.
Bald Eagle State Park – 1 Jan.; 64.75
party-hours; of 4 Bald Eagles 2
were ad.; Eugene Zielinski,
compiler, RR 3, Box 71, Bellefonte
16823.
Buffalo Creek Valley – George Reese,
compiler, 460 Monroe Rd, Sarver
16055.
Beaver – 21 Dec.; 37.10 party-hours;
J o h n C r u z a n , c o m p i l e r ,
Department of Biology, Geneva
College, Beaver Falls 15010-3595.
Bedford Co. – 31 Dec.; 37 party-hours; 1
Mallard hybrid; Janet Shaffer,
compiler, RR 6, Box 338, Bedford
15522.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 185 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Bethlehem-Easton – 31 Dec.; 125.5
party-hours; count-week species
were Wild Turkey and N. Oriole;
Bald Eagle was imm.; Donald and
Elaine Meese, 2366 Springtown
Hill Rd, Hellertown 18055.
Bernville – 2 Jan.; 162.5 party-hours; of
3 Snow Geese reported, two were
"blue" form; of 3 Bald Eagles, 2
were ad.; Ed Barrell, compiler, RR
9, Box 9215, Reading 19605-9627.
Bloomsburg – 18 Dec.; 102.5 party-hours;
1 "blue" form Snow Goose and 3
Mallard hybrids; count-week
species were Bald Eagle (imm.) and
Short-eared Owl; new count highs
for Canada Goose, Am. Black Duck,
Red-tailed Hawk, Ring-billed Gull,
Herring Gull, Rock Dove, E.
S c r e e c h O w l , R e d - b e l l i e d
Woodpecker, E. Phoebe, Blue Jay,
F i s h C r o w , B l a c k - c a p p e d
C h ic k a d e e , W h it e - b r ea s t e d
Nuthatch, Hermit Thrush, Swamp
Sparrow, and Brown-headed
Cowbird; count total of 83 species
was new high; Robert Sagar,
compiler, RR 2, Box 70, Benton
17814.
Bushy Run State Park – 31 Dec.; 64.25
party-hours; count-week species
were Snow Goose, Am. Woodcock,
N. Harrier and Brown-headed
Cowbird; Dick Byers, compiler,
3570 Clawson Drive, Murrysville
15668.
Butler – 17 Dec.; 44 party-hours; new
count highs for Am. Coot and Bona-
parte's Gull; 7 Fox Sparrows
n o t a b l e h i g h ; O l d s q u a w ,
White-winged Scoter and White-
crowned Sparrow notable for this
count; Gene Wilhelm, compiler, 147
Cemetery Rd, Slippery Rock 16057.
Central Bucks Co. – 1 Jan.; 124 party-
hours; count-week species were Gr.
White-fronted Goose, N. Bobwhite,
Am. Coot and Bonaparte's Gull;
new highs for Mute Swan, Com.
Goldeneye, Wild Turkey, Herring
Gull, Mourning Dove, Red-bellied
Woodpecker, Carolina Chickadee,
Tufted Titmouse, E. Bluebird, and
House Finch; new lows for
Ring-necked Duck, Am. Tree
Sparrow and Am. Goldfinch;
Clay-colored Sparrow new for
count; Kenneth Kitson, compiler,
704 Headquarters Rd, Ottsville
18942.
Chambersburg – 17 Dec.; 167.5 party-
hours; Edith C. Lindsell, compiler,
8 1 0 A M e n n o V i l l a g e ,
Chambersburg 17201-4081.
Clarksville – 31 Dec.; 83 party-hours;
count-week species was Killdeer;
new for count were Horned Grebe,
Turkey Vulture and Com. Raven;
new highs for Carolina Chickadee
and Swamp Sparrow; Ralph K.
Bell, compiler, RR 1, Box 229,
Clarksville 15322-7320.
Clarion – 17 Dec.; 120.25 party-hours;
Margaret Buckwalter, compiler, RR
2, Box 26, Shippenville 16254.
Culp – 17 Dec.; 115.75 party-hours;
Angeline Stout, compiler, RR 3, Box
72E, Altoona 16601.
Dallas – 17 Dec.; count-week species
w e r e P i e d - b i l l e d G r e b e ,
Rough-legged Hawk, Fish Crow and
Cedar Waxwing; Edwin Johnson,
compiler, 90 Midland Drive, Dallas
18612.
Delaware Co. (Glenolden) – 17 Dec.; 177
party-hours; count-week species
were Black-crowned Night Heron,
Oldsquaw, Bald Eagle (ad.), Merlin,
E. Phoebe, Lincoln's Sparrow and
N. (Baltimore) Oriole; new high for
Winter Wren; of rare for count were
Great Egret, Com. Moorhen, House
Wren, and new for count was
Black-throated Green Warbler;
Nick Pulcinella, compiler, 201 Elm
Ave., Swarthmore 19081.
Dingman's Ferry – 1 Jan.; 79.25 party-
hours; Patricia A. Kaufmann,
compiler, RR 2, Box 1010,
Dingman's Ferry 18328.
DuBois – 2 Jan.; 38 party-hours; count-
week species were Canada Goose,
Sharp-shinned Hawk, and Barred
Owl; co-compilers, Marianne
Atkinson, RR , Box 349C, DuBois
15801, and Jocelynn Smrekar, RR
4, Box 409A, DuBois 15801.
Elverson – 26 Dec.; 134 party-hours;
count-week species were Horned
Grebe, Oldsquaw, Bald Eagle,
Rough-legged Hawk, and Ruffed
Grouse; new for count were Iceland
and Glaucous gulls; 99 species new
high for count; Robert E. Cook, Box
152, Elverson 19520.
Emporium – 18 Dec.; 56.5 party-hours;
N. Saw-whet Owl banded by
observer during count; Bob Martin,
compiler, 125 Elmwood Court,
Emporium 15834.
Erie – 31 Dec.; 57.25 party-hours;
count-week species were N.
Shoveler and Thayer's Gull; notable
highs for Black and Surf scoters
and Yellow-rumped Warbler; Joan
S. Howlett, compiler, 3662 Kinter
Hill Rd, Edinboro 16412.
Gettysburg – 17 Dec.; 97 party-hours; of
37 Snow Geese 2 were "blue" form;
Art Kennell, compiler, 2332
Bullfrog Rd, Warbler Woods,
Fairfield 17320.
Hamburg – 1 Jan.; 104.5 party-hours;
count-week species were Bald
Eagle, Turkey Vulture, Golden
Eagle, and Com. Raven; new highs
for these species, Barred Owl,
Ruby-crowned Kinglet and White-
crowned Sparrow; Am. Pipit was
s e c o n d c o u n t r e c o r d ;
Orange-crowned Warbler was new
for count; Laurie Goodrich,
c o m p i l e r , H aw k M o u n ta in
Sanctuary, RR 2, Kempton 19529.
Indiana – 26 Dec.; count-week species
were Tundra Swan, Snow Goose,
Oldsquaw, and Red-breasted
Merganser; Margaret and Roger
Higbee, co-compilers, RR 2, Box
166, Indiana 15701.
Harrisburg – 17 Dec.; 128.5 party-hours;
count-week species were Tundra
Swan and Black Vulture; Bill
Tripp, compiler, 425 Reeser's Rd,
Camp Hill 17011-1306.
Huntingdon – 18 Dec.; 65 party-hours;
David Kyler, compiler, RR 4, Box
159A, Huntingdon 16652.
Lancaster – 31 Dec.; 81.5 party-hours;
Sandhill Crane new for count; first
Wood Duck since 1964, first N.
Goshawk since 1969; W. Edward
Pederson, compiler, 306 Clearfield
Rd, New Providence 17560.
Lake Raystown – 2 Jan.; 53.5
party-hours; this was the first
"official" year for this count (a trial
count was conducted during the
1993-94 CBC period); Greg Grove,
compiler, RR 1, Box 483,
Petersburg 16669.
Lebanon – 17 Dec.; 63 party-hours; Fritz
Heilman, compiler, 115 E. Chestnut
St., Lebanon 17042
Lehigh Valley – 17 Dec.; 137 party-hours;
count-week species were N.
Saw-whet Owl, Carolina Chickadee,
Lapland Longspur, and Snow
Bunting; new highs for Wild
Turkey, Mourning Dove, Hairy
Woodpecker, Tufted Titmouse , N.
Cardinal, White-crowned Sparrow;
Gary L. Freed, compiler, 1132
Walters Rd, Pennsburg 18073.
Lewisburg – 18 Dec.; 87 party-hours;
Richard Nickelsen, compiler, 432
Pheasant Ridge Rd, Lewisburg
17837.
Lewistown – 17 Dec.; 59.25 party-hours;
count-week species were Black and
Turkey vulture, Wild Turkey, and
Purple Finch; Linda Whitesel,
compiler, RR 3, Box 820,
Mifflintown 17059.
Linesville – 18 Dec.; of 3 Snow Geese 2
were "blue" form; of 9 Bald Eagles,
8 were adults; count-week species
were Oldsquaw and Snow Bunting;
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 186 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
E. Phoebe was new for count; Ron
Harrell, compiler, 428 Park Ave.,
Meadville 16335.
Lititz – 31 Dec.; 88.75 party-hours;
count-week species were Snow
Goose, Bald Eagle, and N.
Goshawk; new for count were Great
Egret, Lesser Black-backed Gull,
and Yellow-breasted Chat; Margie
Rutbell, compiler, PO Box 103,
Carversville 18913.
Lock Haven – 31 Dec.; 56 party-hours;
c o u n t - w e e k s p e c i e s w a s
Double-crested Cormorant; Wayne
N. Laubscher, compiler, RR 2, Box
153, Lock Haven 17745.
Mansfield – 18 Dec.; 50 party-hours;
Robert M. Ross, compiler, RR 2,
Box 113A, Wellsboro 16901.
New Bloomfield – 18 Dec.; new highs for
Great Blue Heron, Am. Coot,
Ring-billed Gull, E. Phoebe, Tufted
Titmouse, Golden-crowned and
Ruby-crowned kinglet, Gray
Catbird, and White-crowned
Sparrow; Dr. O.K. Stephens,
compiler, PO Box 55, New
Bloomfield 17068.
Newville – 31 Dec.; 82 party-hours;
count-week species was N. Pintail;
new highs for Great Blue Heron,
Canada Goose, Mallard, Turkey
Vulture, Cooper's Hawk, Red-tailed
Hawk, Ring-billed and Herring
gull, Downy and Hairy woodpecker,
Horned Lark, Golden-crowned and
Ruby-crowned Kinglets, Hermit
Thrush, Yellow-rumped Warbler,
C o m m o n Y e l l o w t h r o a t , N .
Cardinal, Field Sparrow, Song and
White-crowned sparrow; new for
count were N. Shoveler, N.
Goshawk, Wild Turkey, Am.
Woodcock, E. Phoebe, Am. Pipit,
a n d O r a n g e - c r o w n e d ,
Ye llow -throated , and Palm
warblers; Don and Robyn Henise,
compilers, 763 Green Spring Rd,
Newville 17241.
Pennypack Valley – 17 Dec.; 35 party-
hours; count-week species were
Common Goldeneye, Bufflehead,
and Wild Turkey; John R. Billings,
compiler, 8805 Winchester Ave.,
Philadelphia, 19115-5103.
Pittsburgh – 31 Dec.; 216 party-hours;
James L. Valimont, compiler, 102
Deborah Lynn Court, Cheswick
15024.
Pleasantville – 1 Jan.; 35 party-hours;
count-week species was Pied-billed
Grebe; Russ States, compiler, 24 E.
Fifth St., Oil City 16301.
Pocono Mountain – 18 Dec.; Roxanne
Kaiser, compiler, PO Box 63,
Delaware Water Gap, 18327.
Raccoon Creek State Park – 27 Dec.; 32
party-hours; William B. Smith,
compiler, RR 3, Box 300A Aliquippa
15001.
Reading – 18 Dec.; 117 party-hours; new
highs for Mute Swan, Black and
Turkey vulture, Sharp-shinned
Hawk, Iceland and Greater
B la c k -bac k e d gu l l , Tu f t e d
Titmouse, E. Bluebird, and N.
Cardinal; Osprey new for count; 91
sp. New high for count; Matthew
Spence, compiler, 1118 N. 11th St.,
Reading 19604.
Rector – 18 Dec.; 56 party-hours;
count-week species were Tundra
Swan, Greater Scaup, N. Harrier,
and Ring-billed Gull; new highs for
Com. Raven and Eur. Starling;
Com. Loon new for count; Robert
Mulvihill, compiler, Powdermill
Nature Reserve, HC64, Box 453,
Rector 15677-9605.
Scranton – 17 Dec.; 71 party-hours;
William Speare, compiler, 1117
Gravel Pond Rd, Clarks Summit
18411.
Somerset (unofficial) – 15 Dec.; Tom
Dick, compiler, 1003 Eisenhower
Blvd., Johnstown 15904.
Southeastern Bradford Co. – 26 Dec.;
81.5 party-hours; new highs for
Hooded Merganser, N. Flicker,
B lu e J a y , W h it e - b r e a s t e d
Nuthatch, Golden-crowned Kinglet,
and Am. Robin; Snow Goose was
new for count; Bill Reid, compiler,
RR 2, Box 143, Tunkhannock,
18657.
Southern Lancaster Co. – 18 Dec.; 210
party-hours; count-week species
were Am. Woodcock and Barn Owl;
24 of 70,000 Snow Geese were
"blue" form; Western Kingbird was
second Lancaster Co. record; 3 Eur.
Wigeon notable; 112 species new
high for count; Robert M. Schutsky,
compiler, 115 Peach Bottom
Village, Peach Bottom 17563.
State College – 18 Dec.; 129.25
party-hours; count-week species
were Com. Merganser and
Ring-billed Gull; new highs for
Great Blue Heron, Tundra and
Mute swan, Sharp-shinned,
Cooper's, and Red-tailed hawks,
R e d - b e l l i e d W o o d p e c k e r ,
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Pileated
Woodpecker, Tufted Titmouse,
W h i t e - b r e a s t e d N u t h a t c h ,
Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Hermit
Thrush, Com. Yellowthroat, Song
Sparrow, Dark-eyed Junco, and
Com. Grackle; John D. Peplinski,
compiler, 761 Beaver Branch Rd,
Pa. Furnace 16865.
Susquehanna Co. – 2 Jan.; 37
party-hours; Jerry Skinner,
compiler, RR 6, Box 6294, Montrose
18801.
Thompson – 18 Dec.; count-week species
were E. Screech Owl, Great Horned
Owl, and Am. Goldfinch; Katherine
Cameron, compiler, RR 1, Box 25,
Thompson 18465-9715.
Tunkhannock – 18 Dec.; 24 party-hours;
this was the inaugural year for this
count; Richard Koval, compiler, 305
William St., Plains 18705.
Upper Bucks Co. – 18 Dec.; 178.5
party-hours; Bald Eagle was adult;
Greater White-fronted Goose,
Lesser Black-backed Gull, and
Green-tailed Towhee new for count;
Hart Rufe, compiler, 1890 N. 5th
St., Perkasie 18944.
Warren – 17 Dec.; 99 party-hours; one
Red-tailed Hawk was albino;
Michael E. Toole, compiler, 212
Mohawk Ave., Warren 16365.
Washington – 17 Dec.; count-week
species was Merlin; Roy Ickes,
c o m p i le r , W as h in g t o n a n d
Jefferson College, Washington
15301-4801.
West Chester – 17 Dec.; 133.50
party-hours; new high for Hooded
Merganser; Barry Blust, compiler,
21 Rabbit Run Lane, Glenmoore
19343.
White Mills – 17 Dec.; 30 party-hours;
Voni Strasser, compiler, RR 2, Box
37, Hawley 18428.
Wild Creek – Little Gap - Rick Wiltraut,
compiler, 205 Washington St.,
Nazareth 18064.
Williamsport – 18 Dec.; 74.5 party-hours;
Russ Campbell, compiler, PO Box
74, Montoursville 17754-0074.
Wyncote – 17 Dec.; 227.5 party-hours;
Martin Selzer, compiler, 1907
Hemlock Rd, Flourtown 19031.
York – 17 Dec.; Bill Del Grande,
compiler, 1687 Crestlyn Rd., York
17403.
Thanks to all the compilers for
providing their results. Special thanks to
Monica Gregory for her continuing
assistance in entering the mountain of
data.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 187 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
NO. ABREV. NAME
1 AUDU AUDUBON
2 BALD BALD EAGLE
3 BEAV BEAVER
4 BEDF BEDFORD COUNTY
5 BERN BERNVILLE
6 BETH BETHLEHEM—EASTON
7 BLOO BLOOMSBURG
8 BRAD SE BRADFORD COUNTY
9 BUFF BUFFALO CREEK VALLEY
10 BUSH BUSHY RUN STATE PARK
11 BUTL BUTLER COUNTY
12 CBUK CENTRAL BUCKS COUNTY
13 CHAM CHAMBERSBURG
14 CLAN CLARION
15 CLAK CLARKSVILLE
16 CULP CULP
17 DALL DALLAS AREA
18 DING DINGMANS FERRY
19 DUBO DUBOIS
20 ELVE ELVERSON
21 EMPO EMPORIUM
22 ERIE ERIE
23 GETT GETTYSBURG
24 GLEN GLENOLDEN
25 HAMB HAMBURG
26 HARR HARRISBURG
27 HUNT HUNTINGDON
28 INDI INDIANA
29 LAKE LAKE RAYSTOWN
30 LANC LANCASTER
31 LEBA LEBANON COUNTY
32 LEHI LEHIGH VALLEY
NO. ABREV. NAME
33 LEWG LEWISBURG
34 LEWN LEWISTOWN
35 LINE LINESVILLE
36 LITI LITITZ
37 LOCK LOCK HAVEN—JERSEY SHORE
38 MANS MANSFIELD
39 NEWB NEW BLOOMFIELD
40 NEWV NEWVILLE
41 PENN PENNYPACK VALLEY
42 PITT PITTSBURGH
43 PLEA PLEASANTVILLE
44 POCO POCONO MOUNTAIN
45 RACC RACCOON CREEK STATE PARK
46 READ READING
47 RECT RECTOR
48 SCRA SCRANTON
49 SOMR SOMERSET
50 SBUK SOUTHERN BUCKS COUNTY
51 SLAN SOUTHERN LANCASTER COUNTY
52 STAT STATE COLLEGE
53 SUSQ SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY
54 THOM THOMPSON
55 TUNK TUNKHANNOCK
56 UBUK UPPER BUCKS COUNTY
57 WARR WARREN
58 WASH WASHINGTON
59 WEST WEST CHESTER
60 WHIT WHITE MILLS
61 WILD WILD CREEK—LITTLE GAP
62 WILL WILLIAMSPORT
63 WYNC WYNCOTE
64 YORK YORK
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PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 201 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Neotropical migrants in Pennsylvania:
Evidence of absence, or absence of evidence?
By Paul Hess and Ted Floyd
The goal sounds simple enough: use
Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data to find
patterns of population change in
Pennsylvania's birds.
Yet as Rick Mellon and Dan Braun-
ing demonstrated (Pa. Birds 8:2-9, 8:66-
71), clear-cut patterns are not necessarily
obvious, convincing conclusions are
elusive, and what begins as a
straightforward analysis can quickly
become complex and hard to interpret.
There are good reasons for the difficulty.
One set of problems involves the
formulation of biologically meaningful
questions. Are we interested in
population changes of the state's entire
avifauna? Or is it more appropriate to
focus on specialized subsets of breeding
birds? Can population trends be related
to species-specific migration strategies
and habitat preferences (e.g. Whitcomb
et al. 1981, Robbins et al. 1989)? And
how, for that matter, are we to categorize
or define migration strategies and
habitat preferences? Are long-term and
unidirectional changes in fact occurring,
or do populations instead tend to
fluctuate randomly over the years?
Another set of problems involves
the use of mathematical or statistical
analyses. Should we trust the "raw"
yearly counts reported in the Breeding
Bird Atlas species graphs? Or is it
necessary to resort to the "official" BBS
trends that are adjusted to compensate
for sampling biases? What conclusions, if
any, can we safely generalize from BBS
data?
Only one thing seems certain:
Population changes of Pennsylvania birds
pose obvious challenges to biologists and
statisticians alike. Each research
strategy has its own merits, and we
argue against the notion that there exists
a single best approach. Instead, we strive
for a balanced view that hopefully
maximizes the advantages of Mellon's
and Brauning's different approaches
while minimizing the limitations.
Mellon was interested in the actual
magnitude of population changes in neo-
tropical migrants and forest-interior
species that breed in Pennsylvania, and
he raised the issue of the confidence
associated with claims of population
changes. To this end, he created
generalized trend classes like "major,"
"minor," "definite," "possible," "increasing
or stable," "decreasing or stable," and so
forth. Mellon derives his data from the
Atlas text and graphs — two often
contrary sources whose joint use is
problematic or limited, as Mellon himself
points out.
Brauning expanded on Mellon's
analysis and looked at population
changes in three migration and six
habitat categories. Instead of Mellon's
Atlas data, Brauning relies on adjusted
trend estimates published by the BBS.
His method does not consider the actual
magnitudes of the trends, although it
does split them into groups based on
statistical significance. His table was
accidentally mislabeled: "**" columns
actually meant trends with p < 0.10, and
"*" columns meant trends without
significance (Brauning pers. comm.).
In this note we build on Mellon's
notion of trend magnitude, but we opt for
Brauning's use of adjusted BBS data.
This combination of approaches offers
both a sharper focus and a broader
perspective on the trend patterns of
neotropical migrants and many of our
other breeding birds.
Overall symmetry
Our data come from "BBS trends
1966-1991," a U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service report estimating population
changes for 166 species as measured by
their counts on Pennsylvania BBS
routes. We eliminate birds found on
fewer than 14 routes, which the BBS
warns are too few for safe estimation of
trends. For 136 species left on the list,
each trend is its estimated average
annual percent change during the
quarter-century.
The frequency distribution of those
trends is remarkably symmetrical (Fig.
1). It shows no overall thrust of either
increase or decline, but instead a strong
central tendency toward no change. The
median near zero and the nearly opposite
25th and 75th percentiles reflect an
almost perfect balance.
Don't mistake the symmetry for
stability. Rather, this distribution
implies a complex array of active trends
sloping in all directions. If there is
equilibrium — which is surely doubtful
— it is exceedingly dynamic indeed.
Migration strategy
A bit of trouble brews when we look
within the overall list to classify species
by migration type: permanent residents
(P.R.), short-distance or temperate-zone
migrants mainly to the southern United
States (S.D.), or neotropical migrants
(N.M.).
The problem is that assigning
species to categories isn't always cut-and-
dried, especially for birds like Gray
Catbird and Solitary Vireo whose main
winter range spans both the temperate
and tropical zones. Whether such species
are categorized as N.M. or S.D. can
influence statistical interpretations. Nor
is the issue confined to those partial-
neotropicals; for example, we call Horned
Lark S.D. and Purple Martin N.M., the
opposite of Brauning's assignments. To
enable comparison with other BBS
analyses, we simply use the BBS's own
list (Peterjohn and Sauer 1993), even
though we don't necessarily agree with
its assignment of some species.
Among migration categories, the
trend distributions vary interestingly
(Table 1):
* The 61 neotropical migrants show
a strong tendency toward the central
class of least change. Fully half the
species cluster there, and the median
trend happens to be 0.0%. In general, the
pattern supports Brauning's finding that
about equal numbers of these species are
i n c r e a s in g a n d d e c r e a s i n g in
Pennsylvania. However, it differs notably
from the bimodal distribution Mellon
reported, which had strong peaks at both
the center and the class of greatest
increase. One reason for his pattern
might be interpretation of some trends
from the Atlas graphs. These raw data
points almost always slope upward more
steeply than adjusted BBS trends (Peter-
john pers. comm.). If the unadjusted
counts are less reliable, as BBS
statisticians believe, they can produce
misleading results. In an extreme case,
Black-and-white Warbler, the two
different forms of data actually change
the entire direction of the slope from a
highly significant decline to a slight
increase!
* The 45 short-distance migrants
also show a central tendency, but with a
relatively lower peak and only one-third
of the species clustering in the class of
least change. In addition, an imbalance
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 202 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Table 1. Frequency distributions of trends for 136 speciesby migration category on Pennsylvania BBS routes, 1966-1991
TREND CLASS FREQUENCY (number of species in class) (average percent All species N.M. S.D. P.R.annual change) (n = 136) (61) (45) (30)
-7.0% or more 2 0 1 1-5.0 to -6.9% 8 4 4 0-3.0 to -4.9% 12 4 7 1-1.0 to -2.9% 20 5 9 6-0.9 to +0.9% 51 31 14 6+1.0 to +2.9% 25 13 5 7+3.0 to +4.9% 11 2 3 6+5.0 to +6.9% 3 1 2 0+7.0% or more 4 1 0 3
Median trend -0.2% 0.0% -0.9% +1.2%25th percentile -1.7% -0.8% -3.0% -1.0%75th percentile +1.8% +1.2% +0.9% +3.9%
N.M.= neotropical migrantsS.D.= short-distance migrantsP.R.= permanent residents)
toward decline affirms Brauning's report
that about 60% of the species are
decreasing. All these birds represent
such diverse avian families that we must
view with caution any claims of some
overriding ecological determinant of their
general decline.
* The 30 permanent residents show
a different, "flat" pattern with no strong
modal tendency at all. Nevertheless, a
distinct imbalance on the positive side
agrees with Brauning's report that about
60% of the species are increasing. One
reason for the disproportion might be
that most of these birds are adapted to
urban and suburban habitats, which
probably have grown on many BBS
routes.
Thus among the three categories,
our neotropical migrants show the
strongest tendency toward zero change.
This distribution is no regional anomaly;
trends for the same species cluster even
more tightly around zero on the entire
North American BBS (Peterjohn and
Sauer 1993).
Habitat — a thorny thicket
Fragmenting the species by habitat
adds further problems. Numerous
habitat preferences exist, and tiny sub-
samples mean dubious statistical tests
and interpretations. Furthermore,
assigning species to particular habitats is
often even more arbitrary than choosing
migration groups.
To group grassland or wetland
species is fairly straightforward, but
difficulties arise in some other
distinctions. For example, are birds like
White-eyed Vireo and Chestnut-sided
Warbler properly scrub-successional or
woodland? More uncertain is attempting
to split "area-sensitive" species that
supposedly need large forest tracts from
species supposedly content in small
woodlands. At the present stage of
research, the evidence for assigning some
species is inconclusive; the BBS doesn't
try, nor do we.
Nevertheless, to complete the
picture we offer frequency distributions
based on habitat — again using the
BBS's own classifications. Only 112 of the
Pennsylvania species can be assigned to
these guilds, and most samples are so
small that fewer frequency classes must
be used.
The patterns are diverse and
potentially complex (Table 2):
* 10 grassland trends tip heavily
toward decline.
* 11 wetland trends tend to stretch
out as increases.
* 12 urban trends have a notably
nondescript pattern.
* 23 scrub-successional trends show
a moderate imbalance of decreases.
* Only the 56 woodland species
show a strong central tendency toward
no change. It may be relevant that 60% of
them are also neotropical migrants, the
most symmetrical migration category.
Biological reality, or mathematical
novelty?
A final point about the frequency
distributions: Ecological causes are
justifiably sought wherever patterns of
population change are found, but the
possibility of statistical artifacts must
also be acknowledged.
At an overall level the frequency
distribution is strikingly symmetrical,
and the largest subclasses (neotropical
migrants and woodland species) also
exhib it reasonably symm etr ica l
distributions. It is only in the smaller
migration strategy and habitat
preference subclasses that distributions
are asymmetrical. Differential symmetry
of the frequency distributions may arise
from unequal sample sizes, not from any
underlying biological determinant.
At the continental scale of all 2,475
BBS routes (only 112 of which are in
Pennsylvania), where all three migration
strategies and all five habitat strategies
are very well represented, moderate to
very strong symmetry is shown at every
level of analysis. If we consider the
continental distribution of only those
species that breed in Pennsylvania, then
we obtain a similar pattern of symmetry
— but half the species are trending in the
opposite direction on the continental
scale (Peterjohn and Sauer 1993).
This pure ly mathem atica l
possibility may not satisfy the seeker of
biological truth. Neither does it
necessarily tell the whole story; the well-
documented decline of certain grassland
species is more than an artifact. But it
deserves consideration, if only as a
caution that the BBS cannot tell us
everything we'd like to know. Bird
populations across the commonwealth
and across the nation are highly
dynamic, but in most species groups
compelling evidence for long-term or
large-scale declines (or increases)
remains to be worked out.
Literature cited
Brauning, D.W., ed. 1992. Atlas of
Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania.
Univ. Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh,
Pa.
Brauning, D. 1994. Population trends of
Pennsylvania's nesting birds: A
response. Pa. Birds 8(2):66-71.
Mellon, R. 1994. Neotropical migrants in
Pennsylvania. Pa. Birds 8(1):2-9.
Peterjohn, B.G., and J.R. Sauer. 1993.
North American Breeding Bird
Survey annual summary, 1990-
1991. Bird Populations 1:1-15.
Robbins, C.S., J.R. Sauer, R.S. Green-
berg, and S. Droege. 1989.
Population declines in North
American birds. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. 86:7658-7662.
Whitcomb, R.F., J.F. Lynch, M.K.
Klimkiewicz, C.S. Robbins, B.L.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 203 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Table 2. Frequency distributions of trends for 112 speciesby habitat guild on Pennsylvania BBS routes, 1966-1991
TREND CLASS FREQUENCY (number of species in class)(average percent Grassland Wetland Urban Scrub Woodlandannual change) (n = 10) (11) (12) (23) (56)
-4.5% or more 4 0 0 4 1-1.5 to -4.4% 3 4 4 6 13-1.4 to +1.4% 2 2 5 9 30+1.5 to +4.4% 1 2 2 3 11+4.5% or more 0 3 1 1 1
Median trend -3.6% +2.2% -0.8% -1.0% +0.1%25th percentile -6.2% -1.2% -2.5% -4.0% -0.9%75th percentile -0.9% +4.2% +1.6% +0.9% +1.5%
CORRECTION: In Population Trends ofPennsylvania's Nesting Birds, Dan Brauning, PB: 8:2,the legend at the bottom of Table 2 should read:
* reflects a tendency with no statisticalsignificance given
Whitcomb, and D. Bystrak. 1981.
Effects of forest fragmentation on
avifauna of the eastern deciduous
forest. In Forest Island Dynamics
in Man-dominated Landscapes, ed.
Burgess, R.L., and D.M. Sharpe,
pp. 125-205. Springer-Verlag, New
York.
Hess:
1412 Hawthorne St.
Natrona Heights PA 15065
Floyd:
Pesticide Research Laboratory
Penn State University
University Park PA 16802
Fig. 1. Frequency distribution of trends for 136 species on Pennsylvania
Breeding Bird Survey routes, 1966–1991 (from 1st column of Table 1).
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 204 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Scenario of the Upland Sandpiper in Western Pennsylvaniaby Gene Wilhelm
The Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia
longicauda) is characteristic of the Great
Plains and prairies where the species
seems to be holding its own or even
increasing in population in certain areas.
In Pennsylvania, however, the species
has experienced a dramatic population
cycle. The opening of Penn's Woods by
native Americans and later by European
settlers extended its breeding range
eastward and increased its population
until the turn of the twentieth century.
From that point the species has been
steadily declining. Pennsylvania
Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data
support this downward trend since 1966
with an average 8% annual decline on
the 15 routes recording this species, only
one of which recorded the bird in the last
nine years. The Upland Sandpiper is
listed as "threatened" in Pennsylvania.
I have been familiar with the
species most of my life, being born and
raised in Missouri where the Upland
Sandpiper was common in the prairie
remnants north of the Missouri River.
Long before the coming of European
settlers to the prairie belt, the Upland
apparently had adapted to a natural
cycle of events centered on the mobility
of the bison. Herds of bison roamed the
extensive grasslands, their millions of
hooves churning the soil, especially
during early spring rains, thus forming a
system of adjoining disturbed, grazed,
and untouched parcels of the grasslands.
This same cyclic system, based
upon spring rains and summer growing
seasons, was established by the early
European settlers-farmers in the eastern
and mid-western parts of the United
States. In the nineteenth century,
rotating fields among fallow, pasture,
and plowed-planted crops in a four- or
five-year cycle was commonplace and this
agricultural technique adequately
substituted for the traditional natural
system of diverse habitat requirements of
the Upland Sandpiper. Such general
farming methods were conducive to
successful breeding of the species. In
fact, the bird was well-known and highly
appreciated by farmers because it mostly
fed upon pesky insects that were
injurious to field crops.
However as soon as mono-
agriculture entered the prairie belt with
its over-emphasis on single, large fields
devoted entirely to consecutive years of
growing only corn and soybeans, clean
field and chemical techniques, and more
recently no-till farming, the Upland
Sandpiper became scarce. The four- or
five-year field rotation cycle was broken
and so were the breeding requirements of
the Upland.
What are the specific habitat
requirements of the Upland Sandpiper in
Pennsylvania and what management
guidelines should be taken to improve
the status of this vulnerable species?
Perhaps field data collected on Slippery
Rock University (SRU) campus between
1978–1986 and elsewhere in western
Pennsylvania between 1988–1993 will be
helpful.
Todd in his monumental work Birds
of Western Pennsylvania (1940) mentions
Slippery Rock, Butler Co., as a historical
breeding site for the Upland Sandpiper.
The site, in fact, was located on the
grounds of Slippery Rock University
where I commenced employment in 1972
as Professor of Environmental Studies.
In 1973 I started researching the species
and kept field notes. Gradually over the
years I extended my field investigation
beyond the SRU campus to other likely
breeding sites in Butler, Mercer, and
Lawrence counties. I soon posed these
ornithological questions: With so many
thousands of acres of reclaimed strip
mines in grasslands, why doesn't the
Upland Sandpiper breed there? What
special management measures need to be
taken to protect and enhance suitable
Upland habitat?
Uplands arrive in western
Pennsylvania usually after 15 April, with
most arrival dates for Butler, Lawrence,
and Mercer counties after 20 April. For
years (1973–1986), Uplands returned to
the SRU campus in the last 10 days of
April. As many as 15 individuals
occupied a mowed 80-acre athletic field
on the west side of Harmony Road (Zone
B in Fig. 1). Another 20 acres on the
western side of the field were left
unmowed for many years (Zone C in Fig.
1) and constituted important breeding
habitat for several species of grassland
birds (Table 1). The mowed part of the
field was the important arrival and
departure staging area for the Uplands
since the birds used the field for diurnal
feeding and resting for several days after
their spring arrival. Apparently pair
bonding already had occurred during
spring migration because pairs were
evident within the flock and there was a
lack of competitive courting among
individuals. In less than a week the pairs
separated and flew in an easterly
direction, only to return daily late in the
afternoon for communal feeding.
However, within 2 weeks after arrival,
the pairs quit using the field and rarely
returned to it until post-breeding time in
late July or early August. Between 10–15
August family units started arriving on
the field early in the morning, staying for
a few hours, then flying off. The birds
returned late in the afternoon, lingered
for a few hours, and again departed. As
many as 24 birds were counted in 1978,
1979, and 1981 but fewer than 12 after
1981. By mid-August the birds flocked
together until nearly dark, then
dispersed eastward for the night. Finally,
usually on some full-moonlit night
between 12–22 August, the flock would
take off into the twilight flying south.
Uplands are nocturnal migrants and
often travel with Bobolinks (Dolichonyx
oryzivorus) in western Pennsylvania and
eastern Ohio.
There were 20-acre north-south
elongated fields devoted to growing corn
and hay on the east side of Harmony
Road (Zone A in Fig. 1). Southeast of
these fields was an old fence line of trees
that separated grassy experimental plots
from the rest of Zone A. The plots were
defined by a wooden post-and-rail fence
on the west and south sides, by a dense
woodlot on the east, and by the old fence
line of trees on the north. Privately
owned pastures and cultivated fields
adjoined the grassy plots to the south.
The entire area (Zones A-B-C) provided
an ideal rotational field system
encompassing fallow grasslands and
clover, active pastures and mowed fields,
and cultivated fields side-by-side,
covering a total of 200+ acres. I soon
discovered that this area supported 2
breeding pairs of Uplands, one north of
the old fence line of trees and the other
southeast of that demarcation line.
Every spring the Uplands used the
cultivated fields first, searching for
upturned grubs and other insect larvae,
worms, etc. As the planted crops
protruded above ground, usually by mid-
May, the birds shifted their feeding to
the active pastures, never hesitating in
the last to seek various insects amongst
the large herds of dairy cows.
By the second or third week of May
the fallow fields of grass had reached a
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 205 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
height of 10–12 inches. Here is where the
Uplands nested, usually the preferred
site being a fallow field/cultivated field
ecotone separated by the wooden post-
and-rail fence. There was also a high
voltage power line on the east side of
Zone A suspended between tall (20 m)
wooden guide poles. Both the wooden
fence posts and tall power poles were
used often as sentinel positions by male
Uplands during incubation periods.
Field cultivation ceased east of
Harmony Road in Zone A after 1982 and
thus the rotational field cycle was
broken. Immediately woody vegetation
intruded in a typically abandoned field
succession fashion. Only one pair of
Uplands nested in 1982, 1983, and 1984
southeast of the old fence line of trees
where the rotational field system was
still intact on adjoining private property.
In 1985 extensive SRU mowing occurred
along the east berm of Harmony Road as
far north as Branchton Road and then
east on the south berm on Branchton
Road to the university's property line,
about one-quarter-mile in length. This
activity established a grassy swath 20 m
wide and double that width at the
southeast corner of Harmony and
Branchton roads. Because of the wet
spring, grass grew quickly and
luxuriantly in early May and I was
shocked to discover 4 pairs of Uplands
nesting on and adjoining SRU property:
1 pair at the north end of Zone A, 1 pair
at the south end of Zone A, 1 pair south
of Zone A on private property, and 1 pair
east of Zone A on private property.
Heavy spring rains curtailed usual
mowing of the campus and athletic
activities, which, in turn, benefitted the
Uplands.
Unfortunately the 1986 breeding
season was a total disaster for the
species. Only one pair was located on the
SRU campus on 27 April, although it is
possible that I may have missed other
incoming birds earlier while I was
conducting ornithological workshops in
the Southwest. In early May the lone
pair abandoned the SRU campus
altogether and moved east onto private
property to nest. The pair did not return
to the campus again, making 1986 the
first known year in decades that the
Upland Sandpiper failed to breed on SRU
grounds. There were at least six reasons
why 1986 was such a poor breeding
season: 1) Zone A became too weedy and
woody; 2) berm mowing in Zone A along
the east side of Harmony Road and the
south side of Branchton Road was
discontinued by the university that
spring; 3) Zone B, the important spring
and late summer staging-feeding area for
the Uplands, was used almost
continuously by scores of university
students and soccer tournament players
from April to early August; 4) such
intense athletic activities demanded
weekly mowing which extended into
former protected parts of Zone C; 5)
there was indiscriminate use of Zones A-
B-C by off-road vehicles throughout the
spring and summer months; and 6) active
Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) and
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
nests on the east side of Zone A could
have discouraged the lone pair of Upland
Sandpipers.
Since 1986 human activities have
intensified in Zones A-B-C and the
abandoned field succession in Zone A has
prevented any hope of Uplands or other
grassland avian species returning there.
In fact, the gradual shrinking and almost
continuous mowing of Zones B-C
discourage such species as Bobolink,
Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna),
Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus
sandwichensis), Grasshopper Sparrow
(Ammodramus savannarum ), and
Henslow's Sparrow (A. henslowii) from
attempting to nest there (see Table 1).
For many years in the 1970s and early
1980s, Slippery Rock University campus
was a convenient place to observe and
study these birds.
During the Pennsylvania Breeding
Bird Atlas Project period of 1983–1989, I
began searching for locales in the tri-
county region where the combined
rotational field system occurred. I found
such a cyclic sequence in Amish country
around New Wilmington, Lawrence
County. This area has been a historical
stronghold for the species for decades. In
fact as many as 9 breeding pairs of
Upland Sandpipers were recorded in one
atlas season. To this day, the species
finds its combined habitat requirements
for successful breeding here, centered on
a four-year rotational field system: wide
open pastures for dairy cows and horses
are used for arrival and departure
staging area; fallow grassy fields side-by-
side with cultivated fields of grains and
corn are utilized for feeding and nesting;
all fields are demarcated by wooden post-
and-rail fences which are used as
strategic observation points by Uplands;
and a traditional avian-human
interrelationship exists that emphasizes
reciprocal benefits to both parties: the
Uplands eat the many injurious field
insects and the Amish provide suitable
habitats, protection, and appreciation of
the birds.
In sum, perhaps Pennsylvania
ornithologists and wildlife managers
have been stressing too heavily the vast,
open human-made prairies associated
with reclaimed strip mines as the most
suitable breeding locales for Uplands. I
investigated thousands of such grassy
acres in the tri-county area between
1983–1989 and never found nesting
Uplands. However they are found near
Knox, in Clarion County, where such
extensive grasslands adjoin cultivated
fields and pastures.
Therefore it is strongly suggested
that ornithologists investigate Amish
farms in May, June, and July wherever
they are located in the Commonwealth. I
suspect that chances are excellent for
locating breeding Uplands there,
especially in the western and
southeastern counties of the state. Then
too, general farming areas still using a
rotational field system should be
checked. Knowing these combined
habitat requirements also should
encourage state agencies and private
landowners to duplicate these apparently
necessary Upland Sandpiper habitats,
again especially in western and
southeastern counties of the state. In this
way we have a chance of not only
protecting a threatened species of special
concern, but also developing and
expanding necessary habitats for its
future propagational success. Given this
opportunity, the Upland Sandpiper and
other avian grassland associates can
make a comeback with human help and
management.
147 Cemetery Rd.
Slippery Rock, PA 16057
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 206 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
TABLE 1.
Pairs SRU Nesting Bird Species 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Status1
Upland Sandpiper 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 0 Threatened2
Grasshopper Sparrow 4 4 3 3 2 1 0 0 0 VulnerableHenslow's Sparrow 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 VulnerableVesper Sparrow 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 VulnerableRed-headed Woodpecker 6 6 5 4 4 4 3 2 2 VulnerableEastern Bluebird 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 Stable3
American Kestrel 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 StableBobolink 15 14 13 12 10 8 6 3 2 VulnerableHorned Lark 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 VulnerableEastern Meadowlark 10 9 8 8 5 4 3 3 2 VulnerableSavannah Sparrow 10 9 10 12 8 8 6 5 4 Vulnerable
1. Threatened status for the Upland Sandpiper is based on results contained in Atlas of Breeding Birds in Pennsylvania, Daniel W.Brauning, Ed., 1992, Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa., pp 138-139 and Pennsylvania's Species of Special ConcernUpdate, Pennsylvania Birds, Vol. 7 No. 4, pp 126-128. The terms Vulnerable and Stable refer to the status of those species on theSRU campus only for the period of study between 1978-1986. In 1994 only the E. Bluebird, E. Meadowlark, and SavannahSparrow nested on the SRU campus.
2. Young Upland Sandpipers fledged per year as follows: 1978 (2); 1979 (3); 1980 (3); 1981 (2); 1982 (2); 1983(1); 1984 (1); 1985(5); 1986 (0).
3. E. Bluebird breeding success was due to the use of an artificial nesting box placed in Zone A by a student.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 207 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Miracle at Imperialby Ted Floyd
As the Allegheny County compilerfor Pennsylvania Birds, I suppose I amuniquely privileged to grumble aboutthe county's avian shortcomings. Thebasic problem is a virtual absence ofgood places to go birding. Our largest"lake" shows up as an indistinct speckin the Pennsylvania Gazetteer andAtlas. Our finest forest is a diminutivepatch of green in the middle ofPittsburgh. And mudflats andgrasslands are entirely absent fromthe county — or so we've alwaysimagined. Over the years, countybirders have adapted grudgingly to asterile expanse of skyscrapers andstrip malls and super highways. Try toimagine Philadelphia County withoutTinicum and you'll get a feel for therecent birding prospects in AlleghenyCounty.
There used to be a certain sting ofguilt and deficiency when I wouldassemble the county summary eachquarter. Only four shorebird specieswere recorded in my first three yearsas the county compiler. No reports ofgrassland sparrows ever made theirway to me. Even a meadowlark washard to come by in most quarters. Mysense of ignominy was exacerbatedfurther by my deadbeat status of sorts— I'm an expatriate compiler whodoesn't even bird in the county.
Late last March I was finallyshamed into action. I made a weekendjaunt to Allegheny County for theexpress purpose of finding as manybirds as possible. I spent my first daywith black belt birder Paul Hess, andwe concentrated on several well-knownlocales in the city's northern suburbs.We hauled in a locally respectable (i.e.,r e g i o n a l l y u n d i s t i n g u i s h e d )assemblage of migrant waterfowl andearly passerines — good for severaladditions to the quarterly species list.The next morning I explored thelargely unknown southeastern cornerof the county, and I added one or twomore fairly mundane species to thefirst quarter list. Later that day Iventured westward to another poorlyknown portion of the county. Guidedonly by an imprecise road map and ayearning for good birds, I meandered
my way though the western suburbsand out past the town of Imperial.Here I finally stumbled onto theornithological Holy Grail thatAllegheny County's long-sufferingbirding community had sought afterfor so long.
A complex mosaic of tall grasses,conifer groves, and pothole pondsextended in every direction. HornedLarks — unreported for years inAllegheny County — flitted away atmy approach. Northern Harriersnavigated skillfully about the dips andrises of the rolling grasslands. AnOldsquaw rested on a quiet pond,while American Wigeons and LesserScaups worked its weedy edges. Atightly bunched flock of at least 18Common Snipe put up from a wetdepression. The birding reminded meof Crawford County's productive MillerPonds, but the habitat was reminiscentof Nebraska's mystical Sand Hills. Iwas thoroughly mesmerized and Ilonged to linger, but nightfall forcedme to withdraw. The habitat — createdby an extraordinarily conscientioussurface mine reclamation project —offered obvious potential, and Iwondered excitedly about what lay instore here. I would receive a partialrevelation several weeks later, duringa quick pass through the county enroute to my summer field research inNew Mexico.
This time I was accompanied byRutgers ornithologist JosephZurovchak. Time was limited, and astiff breeze was unhelpful. The larksand harriers and snipes were stillholding on, and they were joined byrecent recruits of Vesper andSavannah sparrows, Blue-winged andGreen-winged teals, and Greater andLesser yellowlegs. I departedreluctantly, for the land ofPhainopeplas and Pyrrhuloxias, butnot without first phoning severalcounty birders and pleading with themto monitor the bird life at Imperial.
Two weeks passed, and memoriesof Imperial yielded to fresherimpressions of the canyons and playasof the desert southwest. But I was soon
yanked back to Imperial, albeitvicariously, by an 8000-charactercomputer message from Paul Hess. Itstitle (“IMPERIAL BONANZA”) seemedto portend corroboration of my earlierexperiences there, but its lengthy textwas even more exciting than I couldhave imagined. In an unforgettablemorning of birding Paul and his wifeDeborah found a singing LarkSparrow, a possible LeConte'sSparrow, and spectacular densities ofmany other grassland passerines.Meanwhile, the myriad little pondswere dotted with shorebirds, and thesparsely wooded roadsides hostedGolden-winged and Yellow-throatedwarblers. My recent successes atImperial hadn't been flukes — thisplace was for real!
Imperial received only scantattention during the remainder ofspring migration, due to confusion overits precise whereabouts and the annualemigration of county birders toPresque Isle and Cape May andbeyond. Summer wore on, and I heardnext to nothing about Imperial. Myfield season finally wound down, and Irelished the opportunity to revisitImperial. In a week-long period offrequent but spotty coverage, mycolleagues and I documented at leasttwenty species whose occurrence untilthis year would have been regarded asnoteworthy for the county. Grasslandpasserines continued in excellentnumbers, shorebirds were numerousand diverse, and marsh species werewell represented, too. County life listswere burgeoning, with additions ofWilson's Phalaropes and UplandSandpipers and Black Terns andVirginia Rails and Henslow'sSparrows, to name just a few. To cap itall off, no less than three BlueGrosbeaks, including a barely fledgedjuvenile, provided likely evidence of anunprecedented breeding effort.
A lengthy interregnum ofornithological inactivity sooncommenced, precipitated this time bythe sudden appearance of numerousNO TRESPASSING signs. Butpermission to access portions of thesite was obtained eventually, and we
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 208 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
were back in business by late October.Only a handful of shorebirds andwaterfowl lingered from earlier visits,but the excitement at Imperial wasundiminished. Clouds of AmericanPipits rose up from the muddy marginsof the many ponds, and a LaplandLongspur put in a brief appearance,too. A Rough-legged Hawk, a pair ofShort-eared Owls, and at least eightNorthern Harriers cruised about thewindswept and sun-kissed expanses ofdying grasses.
I managed one last excursion toImperial, late in the afternoon ofChristmas Day. When I arrived thesetting sun was already casting theuneven terrain in a glow of bronze andamber. Harriers numbered in thedouble digits, but they were greatlyoutnumbered by Short-ears. Many ofthe owls hunkered down low in theprostrate vegetation and barkedgrowlingly as I snuck by, while othersmaneuvered wildly through theintricate array of short hills andshallow depressions. But the realshow-stoppers ascended high into thestone cold skies and offered a dazzlinginteractive aerial display of twistingand turning and breathtakingdivebombing. I struggled for anaccurate count, and I would soon hearfrom Chuck Tague that aphantasmagoric twenty-seven Short-ears were wintering here, well withinsight of downtown Pittsburgh.
Much remains to be learnedabout Imperial. It received woefullyinadequate coverage during spring andfall migration, and its breedingavifauna is largely undocumented.Moreover, the habitat is inherentlyephemeral and conditions can changemarkedly from year to year. We'relooking ahead to continued goodfortune and new surprises, but we'llnever forget our astonishing first yearin the grasslands and wetlands outpast Imperial.
Pesticide Research LaboratoryPenn State University
University Park 16802
Future Breeders in
Pennsylvania
– More Guesses
by Ted Floyd
In a recent issue of
Pennsylvania Birds (Vol. 8:138)
Dan Brauning challenged us to
guess at the next 10 species to
breed in the commonwealth. We're
tantalizingly situated with respect
to several major nesting habitats
whose breeding birds could
conce ivably sp ill over into
Pennsylvania. Last year's Evening
Grosbeak and Blackpoll Warbler
nests demonstrate the possibilities
from the boreal forests of
neighboring New York State.
Meanwhile, the Delaware and
Chesapeake bays are lapping at
the southeastern boundaries of the
commonwealth. Lastly, the open
country of western Pennsylvania
beckons to breeders from the
Midwest. Brauning's challenge is
especially daunting, because recent
additions to the state's breeding
avifauna have involved unexpected
species that have turned up in
remote or unanticipated locations.
Here are my predictions, ranked in
decreasing order of likelihood.
1. Double-crested Cormorant –
suitable habitat abounds for
this increasing species
2. Clay-colored Sparrow –
reclaimed strip mines in the
west are the best bet for this
species
3. Black Rail –
to be looked for statewide in
undisturbed wet meadows
4. Mississippi Kite –
closing in from Virginia and
apparently New Jersey
5. Chuck-will's-widow –
the southern tier counties are
within striking distance
6. White-winged Crossbill –
the northern tier counties
contain abundant appropriate
habitat
7. Lincoln’s Sparrow –
this opportunistic breeder
could nest in the Allegheny
High Plateau
8. Western Meadowlark –
listen for its distinctive song
in the dry uplands in the west
9. Rusty Blackbird –
northern mountain bogs are a
possibility
10. Wilson's Phalarope –
open wetlands in the west
co u ld p ro v id e bre e d in g
opportunities.
Pesticide Research Laboratory
Penn State University
University Park 16802
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 209 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Site Guide: Unami Creek ValleyMontgomery County
by Kevin F. Crilley
The Unami Creek Valley in western
Montgomery County offers excellent
woodland birding from April through
September. Located near Sumneytown,
this area is within an hour's drive of both
Philadelphia and Allentown, and on a
good day it is well worth the trip. Much
of the area covered in this guide is owned
by the Valley Forge Council and the
Philadelphia Council, Boy Scouts of
America. As such, most of the area is
posted, but it can be birded from the road
shoulder. Other parts of the area are
private residences and should be
respected as such.
From PA Route 29 in Green Lane,
take PA Route 63 east for 1.3 miles and
turn left at the Sumneytown Hotel on
Geryville Pike. Go .2 miles and turn right
on Swamp Creek Road. Park in the lot on
your immediate right. In spring and
early summer, scan the scattered
Sycamores along the creek for Eastern
Kingbird, Cedar Waxwing, and both
Northern and Orchard orioles. The
shrubby edge across the road yields
Winter, Carolina, and House wrens, and
Chipping, Song, and White-throated
sparrows in the appropriate seasons.
Watch for migrant E. Bluebird on the
utility wires.
From the parking lot, walk Swamp
Creek Road upstream for .4 miles to a
stone-arch bridge. This stretch features
the famous Sumneytown vulture roost.
From November to March over 200 birds
(including ±40 Black Vultures) spend
their nights here. Even if the birds are
out for the day, a wide band of white-
wash on the road will pinpoint the
location. During spring migration, this
short stretch yields an impressive array
of songbirds. Look and lsiten for E.
Phoebe, E. Wood-Pewee, Acadian
Flycatcher, Great Crested Flycatcher,
thrushes, Red-eyed and Yellow-throated
vireo, and almost any eastern warbler.
Most notable of this last group are
Cerulean Warbler and Northern Parula.
Prothonotary, and Yellow-throated
warblers can also be found here, but are
considered rare.
When you reach the stone bridge,
look for Spotted Sandpiper, Northern
Rough-winged Swallow, and both
Louisiana and Northern waterthrushes.
From the bridge, you can continue
walking upstream along Swamp Creek
Road or return to your car. (The second
option may yield something new on the
return trip.)
Proceed across the stone bridge and
park in the lot on your immediate left.
(Note: during the last two weekends in
April this lot may be filled by trout
fishermen — plan accordingly.) This
gravel parking lot features several large
Sycamore and Black Walnut trees. Scan
these for Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Cedar
Waxwing, vireos, warblers, and American
Go ld f inch . In 1991 an act ive
Ruby-throated Hummingbird nest was
found here 20 feet above the ground on a
Sycamore limb.
The next stretch of Swamp Creek
Road is 1.1 miles. There are small gravel
pull-offs every .2 miles, but some of these
are hazardous. Be aware of high road
shoulders and on-coming traffic! Proceed
upstream on Swamp Creek Road through
an area of mature mixed hardwoods. This
area hosts up to six woodpecker species
(all but Red-headed). With its abundant
large trees, this area is the last
stronghold of the Pileated Woodpecker in
western Montgomery County. Watch
overhead for both vulture species,
accipiters, Red-tailed and Broad-winged
hawk. Eastern Screech- and Great
Horned owl are common here, and at
least one pair of Barred Owl resides in
the valley. Both cuckoo species can be
found here in spring and summer, as can
a good variety of songbirds. Watch for
spot-breasted thrushes, Northern Oriole,
Scar le t Tanager , Rose-breas ted
Grosbeak, vireos, and warblers.
Just beyond a concrete dam/spill-
way ("Lake Long") there is a parking lot
on the left. This small impoundment
(when not filled with excitable boy scouts
in rowboats) can yield Great Blue and
Green herons, Wood Duck, Belted
Kingfisher, and the ubiquitous Canada
Goose. Snags along the shoreline may
provide perches for migrant flycatchers,
and the scrubby growth along the
lakeshore is good for thrushes and
White-eyed Vireo.
From the lot at Lake Long, it is a
short .4-mile hike to a powerline
crossing. A side trip up the steep slope of
the powerline is usually worth the effort.
Listen at the crossing for both
Yellow-billed and Black-billed cuckoos.
(Caution: the area under the powerlines
harbors more ticks than birds!) The
dense shrub growth under the utility
lines attracts Yellow, Blue-winged, and
Prairie warblers, Yellow-breasted Chat,
Indigo Bunting, Rufous-sided Towhee,
and Field Sparrow. The taller trees at
the edge of the cut can yield nearly any
woodland migrant. Walk the powerline to
a road crossing (Boutcher Road) and
retrace your steps to Swamp Creek Road.
From the powerline continue north
on Swamp Creek Road for .5 miles and
turn right on Knuckles Road. There is a
small pull-off on your immediate right.
Walk upstream on Swamp Creek for .2
miles to a stone arch bridge (Price Road).
From the bridge, check again for Spotted
Sandpiper, Belted Kingfisher, swallows,
and waterthrushes. Be sure to look
overhead for passing raptors. On the way
back to your car, listen for Acadian
Flycatcher, Kentucky and Worm-eating
warbler. All of these species favor fairly
steep slopes with dense shrub cover.
In addition to the species
mentioned above, Wild Turkey and
Ruffed Grouse are possible in any season
in the Unami Creek Valley. The former
tend to be somewhat tame, as they are
descended from pen-reared birds. The
grouse, on the other hand, are extremely
wary and locally rare.
To complete your tour, take
Knuckles Road .1 miles to the first
intersection (Scott Road) and go left.
Follow Scott Road .9 miles to a stop sign
and go left on White's Mill Road. At the
next stop sign go left on Swamp Creek
Road and retrace your route to PA Route
63.
The Unami Creek Valley is an
unusual, but often rewarding, birding
tour. Visiting birders are reminded to
respect the privacy of home owners and
the Boy Scout Councils. By doing so we
can help ensure that the area remains a
special place for birds and birders alike.
Stay alert for oncoming cars and enjoy
your visit!
P.O. Box 108
Sumneytown 18084
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 210 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
UNAMI CREEK VALLEYMontgomery County
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 211 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
PHOTOGRAPHIC HIGHLIGHTS
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 212 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 213 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 214 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
THIS IS THE LASTISSUE FOR 1994!
IF YOU HAVEN'TRENEWED YET,DO IT TODAY!
(And get a friend to subscribe, also.)
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 215 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Cooper's Hawk Utilizing Carrionby Paul and Glenna Schwalbe
It is well known that accipiters
catch living prey, primarily other birds,
but also live animals (Rosenfield and
Bielefeldt 1993). Thus you can imagine
our surprise when we discovered a
Cooper's Hawk, Accipiter cooperii, eating
carrion in northern Pennsylvania. In
fact, this may be the first record of this
type of behavior for this species.
On a road going south from the
borough of Jersey Shore, Lycoming Co.,
on 16 January 1995, the two of us came
across two or three American Crows,
Corvus brachyrhynchos, trying to dine on
a freshly killed cottontail rabbit
(Sylvilagus). They flushed as we
approached in our car, circled behind us,
and through our rear view mirror we
watched them land again by the rabbit,
only to be flushed repeatedly by other
cars.
The next morning passing by the
same spot we noticed that the dead
rabbit was now lying on a lawn a short
distance off the side of the road. The
crows were not present at this time and
the rabbit looked quite intact with no
apparent damage.
On the third morning, 18 January,
two days after the rabbit had been killed,
as we were approaching the area we saw
a crow dive toward the spot where the
rabbit had been the day before, but
instead of landing as we expected, it flew
up and away. Arriving near the rabbit we
saw a large brown bird on the dead
animal and as we passed by we realized
it was a hawk, both of us thinking
Cooper's Hawk from its size, but we were
not sure. We turned around and drove
back, stopping in the road at what we
considered a safe distance so as not to
scare the hawk.
Both of us using Bausch & Lomb
Elite 8X35 binoculars soon realized the
bird was an immature Cooper's Hawk,
feeding on carrion, a three-day-old rabbit
carcass. The temperature range during
these three days was from 35E–59EF, so
no freezing had taken place. The hawk
and rabbit were no more than 8-9 feet off
the edge of the road. Passing cars in the
lane on its side of the road did not
disturb the bird in any apparent way.
The accipiter was facing away from us so
we could see the back of it from our
position. After noting the field marks
from this angle, we then continued past
the hawk, turned around again and came
back to look at it's underside. Again
stopping about 50-60 feet from the
"rabbit feasting," we leisurely observed
the front/underparts of the accipiter.
Later we pulled up on the opposite side
of the road, directly across from the
hawk and watched it for several minutes
from a distance of about 15 feet.
The Cooper's was feeding during
the entire time of observation. It would
pull off small strips of muscle, eat them,
look at us, now and then change its
position slightly, then pull off another
piece of flesh. Our total observation time
was about 12 minutes, and when we did
finally leave, it was still feeding.
The overall coloration of the bird
was brown with extensive streaking on
the underparts. It was rather large and
the underneath streaking went quite far
down past the belly. To exclude any
possibility of it being a small Goshawk,
A. gentilis, we noted its characteristics
and wrote them down.
The large head was dark above, no
supercilium was present, and the iris was
yellow. The back was dark brown,
mottled with several whitish spots on the
mantle, but none on the wing coverts.
The breast and belly were completely
streaked with fine streakings down to
the legs (which is contrary to most field
guides, i.e. Kaufmann 1990; but it was
very similar to the juvenile & as illustrat-
ed in Palmer 1988), and it also had
streakings on the leg feathering. Under-
tail coverts were white and no streaks
could be seen there. The tail had an
obvious whitish band at the tip, with
alternating dark and light bands for its
entire length. The light tail bands were
much wider than the dark bands, and
there was no "highlighting" of the dark
bands as there would be in the Goshawk.
From underneath, the bands were
slightly irregular but did not have the
zigzag pattern one would expect in the
Goshawk.
Unfortunately we did not see how
the bird found the rabbit and recognized
it as a food source. Crows were present in
nearby trees and one was apparently
making an attempt to chase the hawk
away when we approached as noted
above. Did the hawk come along, see
them feeding on the rabbit and recognize
the exposed flesh as food, or did it find
the rabbit on its own? Of course we don't
know the answer to this question.
Cooper's Hawks do prey on rabbits,
live rabbits (Bent 1937; Rosenfield 1988),
but no record of their using carrion, even
rabbit carrion, as a food source could be
found in any reference, including Bent
1937; Clark & Wheeler 1987; Ehrlich et
al. 1988; Evans 1983; Grossman and
Hamlet 1964; Meng 1959; Palmer 1988;
Rosenfield 1988; Scott 1983; and Todd
1940. However, the authors would
appreciate being informed of any account
of the utilization of carrion by the
Cooper's Hawk found elsewhere in the
literature, or if anyone is aware of other
examples of this type of behavior.
Literature Cited:
Bent, A. C. 1937. Life Histories of NorthAmerican Birds of Prey. Part 1.Smithsonian Institution U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 167; United StatesGovernment Printing Office,Washington, D.C.
Clark, W.S., and B.K. Wheeler. 1987. AField Guide to Hawks, NorthAmerica. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Ehrlich, P.R., D.S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye.1988. The Birders Handbook. Simonand Schuster, New York, N.Y.
Evans, D.L. 1983. In The Audubon SocietyMaster Guide to Birding, Part 1Loons to Sandpipers (J. Farrand Jr.,Ed.). Alfred A. Knopf, N.Y.
Grossman, M.L. and J. Hamlet. 1964. Birdsof Prey of the World. Bonanza Books,N.Y.
Kaufman, K. 1990. A Field Guide toAdvanced Birding. Houghton Mifflin,Boston.
Meng, H. 1959. Food Habits of NestingCooper's Hawks and Goshawks inNew York and Pennsylvania. WilsonBull. 71:169-74.
Palmer, Ralph S. 1988. Handbook of NorthAmerican Birds. Vol. 4. Yale Univ.,New Haven, Conn.
Rosenfield, R.N. 1988. In Handbook ofNorth American Birds, Vol. 4 (R.S.Palmer, Ed.). Yale Univ., New Haven,Conn.
Rosenfield, R.N. and J. Bielefeldt. 1993.Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii). InThe Birds of North America, No. 75(A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.).Philadelphia: The Academy ofNatural Sciences; Washington, D.C.:The American Ornithologists' Union.
Scott, S.L., Ed. 1983. Field Guide to theBirds of North America. NationalGeographic Society, Washington, D.C.
Todd, W.E.C . 1940. Birds of WesternPennsylvania. Carnegie Museum.Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.
546 Wilson St.Jersey Shore 17740
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 216 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Juniata Valley Audubon Society Checklist of the Birds of
Blair County, Pennsylvania (September 1994)by Paula Ford
Bold-faced species areconfirmed breeders.
Underlined species are possible orprobable breeders.
# The pound sign indicates thatthe species is not present all years. Ifpresent (in proper habitat), duringmigration or the appropriate season, itcan be hard to find.
* The star sign indicates that theorigin of the bird(s) seen is in doubt.
Please assist us in clarifying thestatus of the birds on the list. Provideany updated breeding information ornew sightings to Paula Ford at 814-782-3925.
Red-throated LoonCommon LoonPied-billed GrebeHorned Grebe#Red-necked GrebeDouble-crested Cormorant
#American BitternGreat Blue Heron#Great EgretGreen Heron#Black-crowned Night-Heron
Tundra SwanSnow Goose#BrantCanada Goose
Wood DuckGreen-winged TealAmerican Black DuckMallardNorthern PintailBlue-winged TealNorthern ShovelerGadwallAmerican WigeonCanvasback
RedheadRing-necked DuckGreater ScaupLesser ScaupOldsquaw#Black Scoter#Surf ScoterWhite-winged ScoterCommon GoldeneyeBuffleheadHooded MerganserRed-breasted MerganserRuddy Duck
#Black VultureTurkey VultureOsprey#Bald EagleNorthern HarrierSharp-shinned HawkCooper's Hawk#Northern GoshawkRed-shouldered HawkBroad-winged HawkRed-tailed HawkRough-legged Hawk#Golden EagleAmerican Kestrel#Merlin#Peregrine Falcon
Ring-necked PheasantRuffed GrouseWild TurkeyNorthern Bobwhite
#Virginia Rail SoraAmerican Coot
KilldeerGreater Yellowlegs#Lesser Yellowlegs#Solitary SandpiperSpotted Sandpiper#Upland Sandpiper#Sanderling#Semipalmated Sandpiper #Western Sandpiper#Least Sandpiper#Pectoral Sandpiper
Common SnipeAmerican Woodcock
Bonaparte's GullRing-billed GullHerring GullCaspian TernCommon TernForster's Tern Black Tern
Rock DoveMourning DoveBlack-billed CuckooYellow-billed Cuckoo
Barn OwlEastern Screech-OwlGreat Horned Owl#Snowy OwlBarred Owl#Northern Saw-whet Owl
Common Nighthawk#Whip-poor-willChimney SwiftRuby-throated HummingbirdBelted Kingfisher
#Red-headed WoodpeckerRed-bellied WoodpeckerYellow-bellied SapsuckerDowny WoodpeckerHairy WoodpeckerNorthern FlickerPileated Woodpecker
#Olive-sided FlycatcherEastern Wood-PeweeAcadian Flycatcher#Alder FlycatcherWillow FlycatcherLeast FlycatcherEastern PhoebeGreat Crested FlycatcherEastern Kingbird
Horned Lark#Purple MartinTree SwallowNorthern Rough-winged Swallow
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 217 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Bank SwallowCliff SwallowBarn Swallow
Blue JayAmerican Crow#Fish Crow #Common Raven
Black-capped ChickadeeTufted TitmouseRed-breasted NuthatchWhite-breasted Nuthatch Brown Creeper
Carolina WrenHouse WrenWinter WrenGolden-crowned KingletRuby-crowned Kinglet
Blue-gray GnatcatcherEastern BluebirdVeery#Gray-cheeked Thrush#Swainson's ThrushHermit ThrushWood ThrushAmerican RobinGray Catbird#Northern MockingbirdBrown Thrasher
#American PipitCedar WaxwingEuropean Starling
White-eyed VireoSolitary VireoYellow-throated VireoWarbling VireoRed-eyed Vireo
#Blue-winged WarblerGolden-winged WarblerTennessee Warbler#Orange-crowned WarblerNashville Warbler#Northern ParulaYellow WarblerChestnut-sided WarblerMagnolia WarblerCape May WarblerBlack-throated Blue WarblerYellow-rumped WarblerBlack-throated Green Warbler
Blackburnian WarblerPine WarblerPrairie Warbler#Palm Warbler Bay-breasted WarblerBlackpoll WarblerCerulean WarblerBlack-and-white WarblerAmerican Redstart#Prothonotary Warbler Worm-eating WarblerOvenbirdNorthern WaterthrushLouisiana WaterthrushKentucky Warbler#Mourning WarblerCommon YellowthroatHooded Warbler#Wilson's WarblerCanada WarblerYellow-breasted Chat
Scarlet TanagerNorthern CardinalRose-breasted Grosbeak#Blue Grosbeak Indigo BuntingRufous-sided Towhee
American Tree SparrowChipping SparrowField SparrowVesper SparrowSavannah SparrowGrasshopper Sparrow#Henslow's SparrowFox SparrowSong Sparrow#Lincoln's SparrowSwamp SparrowWhite-throated SparrowWhite-crowned SparrowDark-eyed JuncoSnow Bunting
BobolinkRed-winged BlackbirdEastern MeadowlarkRusty Blackbird#Brewer's BlackbirdCommon GrackleBrown-headed Cowbird
Orchard OrioleNorthern Oriole
Purple FinchHouse Finch#Common RedpollPine SiskinAmerican GoldfinchEvening GrosbeakHouse Sparrow
Corrections to theAllegheny CountyChecklistby Ted Floyd
Several additions and correctionsto the "Preliminary Checklist of theBirds of Allegheny County"(Pennsylvania Birds 8:142-143) havebeen brought to my attention by PaulBrown and Paul Hess. First, thefollowing five species should be addedas accidentals: American WhitePelican (1 record), Cattle Egret (1record), Varied Thrush (2 records),Black-headed Grosbeak (1 record), andBrewerÆs Blackbird (2 records). Theseadditions bring the county list to 282species.
Second, Western Tanager andWestern Meadowlark should beitalicized as accidentals (they wereinadvertently indicated as occasional).
Third, Hess recommends that thefollowing species, indicated asoccasional, be upgraded to annual:Philadelphia Vireo, Cape MayWarbler, Pine Warbler, BlackpollWarbler, and Cerulean Warbler.
Lastly, Hess proposes severalchanges in wording that I thinkprovide important clarification.Lightface species should be thought ofas "reported less than annually",rather than "occur[ring] occasionally",as many of these doubtless occurregularly in very small numbers butsimply go undetected. Also, italicizedspecies should be viewed as"extirpated, casual, or accidental"(instead of "extirpated or accidental"),as some of these species, though rare,are not strictly accidental.
Pesticide Research LaboratoryPenn State University
University Park 16802
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 218 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
RARE BIRD REPORTSby Nick Pulcinella
Cinnamon TealAnas cyanopteraLancaster CountyNick Pulcinella
On 26 November 1994 I observed
the male Cinnamon Teal (Anas
cyanoptera) that had been present at
Octoraro Reservoir since 25 November. I
watched the bird for approximately one
hour at distances of 100–500 yards under
a bright and cloudless afternoon sky. The
sun was shining over my right side onto
the reservoir. I was using Leitz 10X40
field glasses and a Kowa 20–60X scope. I
was able to study the bird at rest and in
flight. The bird was both wary and
restless and frequently engaged in
periodic flights around the lake together
with Green-winged Teals (Anas crecca) in
which they would fly in wide circles for a
short time, land, and then take flight
again in a few seconds. The bird's flight
was strong and it appeared to be healthy.
General description. A duck
smaller than a Mallard (Anas
platyrhynchos), but slightly larger than a
Green-winged Teal. Overall color of head,
back, and sides was dark cinnamon.
Underparts. When flying, the
lower breast and belly appeared to be a
light buffy-brown.
Upperwing. The upperwing was
dark cinnamon with large pale blue
patches in the mid-forewing. It was never
close enough to me while flying to notice
the smaller dark green patches on the
wing.
Bill. Dark, longer and broader than
a Green-winged Teal. This feature was
very noticeable when the two species
were together.
Other observers. Jim and Linda
Waldie.
201 Elm Ave.
Swarthmore, PA 19081
Green-tailed TowheePipilo chlorurusMontgomery County Nick Pulcinella
On 29 November 1994 I observedthe Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilochlorurus) that had been frequenting a
feeder at 2649 Kutztown Rd.,Perkiomen Heights since 27November. I observed the bird for lessthan three minutes at a distance ofabout fifty yards through both Leitz10X40 field glasses and a Kowa 30Xscope. The bird was seen between 0730and 0735. The sky was partly sunnyand light was shining directly onto thebird feeder. The bird made severalsorties to the feeder and fedaggressively in the company of White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichiaalbicollis), Dark-eyed Juncos (Juncohyemalis), House Finches (Carpodacusmexicanus), and Blue Jays (Cyanocittacristata). Its appearances were alwaysof a short duration and not allowing fora long, detailed study. After its fourthsortie it flew into the nearby cedarsand from there it must have leftbecause I waited for about 45 minutesand it never returned.
General appearance. An overallgreenish-gray songbird slightly largerand longer than a White-throatedSparrow.
Head. Gray forehead and cheekswith a bright orange-brown cap. Thethroat was white, bordered on bothsides by a vertical black mustachestripe that in turn was bordered by avertical white stripe.
Upperparts. Greenish on thenape, back, and folded wings.
Underparts. Generally grayish.Undertail coverts were greenish.
Tail. Greenish-brown with a darkbrown extending to the tip.
Bill. Conical shape.Other observer. John Freiberg.This is only the second record for
Pennsylvania.201 Elm Ave.
Swarthmore 19081
A Late YellowWarbler Centre CountySteven Feldstein
While observing a flock of Black-
capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus)
and several migrant wood warblers
Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica
coronata), Cape May Warbler (D.
tigrina), Black-throated Green Warbler
(D. virens), Ted Floyd spotted a Yellow
Warbler (D. petechia). Because of the late
date, we considered the possibility that
this bird may be a long distant migrant
such as D. p. rubiginosa, also known
commonly as "Alaska Yellow Warbler."
This Yellow Warbler remained with the
flock of chickadees and warblers, but did
not interact with the other birds in any
o b v io us w ay . T h r o ug h o ut t h e
observation, I did not hear the Yellow
Warbler call. This Yellow Warbler did not
exhibit any distinctive behavior such as
flicking its wings or raising and lowering
its tail.
I will first discuss in detail the filed
marks for the bird of interest. It should
be noted that some of the following field
marks will be compared with those for
other subspecies of Yellow Warbler.
Obviously these other subspecies were
not present during the time of the
observation, but this comparison is being
made with subspecies for which I have
extensive field experience.
The shape of this bird was typical
for that of a warbler, as it was a small
slender bird with a thin bill and square-
shaped tail. The bird was also of similar
size to the other Dendroica warblers
present. Its nape, back, rump, and upper
surface of its tail appeared to be
uniformly olive-green in color. Also, its
entire crown, with the exception of the
front of its forehead, was the same shade
of green as the rest of its upperparts. The
front of the forehead of the bird was also
green in color, but it showed a slight
yellowish tinge. There was no evidence of
streaking on its upperparts. Its wings
were blackish with strongly contrasting
yellow edges to the wing coverts and
secondaries. I had the impression that
the wings were darker than on the
following two subspecies of Yellow
Warbler, D. p. aestiva (subspecies which
breeds in the eastern USA) and D. p.
morcomi (subspecies which breeds from
the Rockies westward). This darkness
most likely accounted for great contrast
in color between the dark wings and the
yellow edges to its wing coverts and
secondaries.
The breast of the bird was bright
yellow in color, and I had the impression
that it was just as bright as other
subspecies of Yellow Warbler, such as
aestiva and morcomi. The belly of the
bird was noticeably paler than the
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 219 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
breast. The bird also had conspicuous
reddish streaks on its breast and sides.
Although this reddish streaking was very
obvious, this streaking was obviously
duller than the streaking on the above
two subspecies of Yellow Warbler.
Furthermore, these streaks seemed to be
narrower and less continuous, i.e., the
streaks appeared to be broken in places,
as compared with the above two
subspecies. The undertail coverts of the
bird were very bright yellow, appearing
brighter than the breast. There was no
streaking on the undertail coverts. The
undersurface of the tail was green with
two large, bright yellow, oval-shaped
spots. The shape of these tail spots was
typical for a Dendroica warbler.
The face and throat of the bird was
bright yellow, and its eye was black. Also,
the bird seemed to have a hint of a dark
eyeline. The bill was long and thin (like
the bill of most Dendroica warblers) and
the upper and lower mandibles of its bill
were both black. There was no obvious
eye-ring, nor any other obvious field
marks on its face. The contrast between
the black eye and yellow face did not
seem as great as with aestiva. This was
most likely because of the olive-green
crown on the bird, whereas aestiva has
a completely yellow crown.
The olive-green upperparts, yellow
underparts with reddish streaking,
yellow edges on the wings, and yellow
tail spots clearly identify the bird as an
adult male Yellow Warbler. Neither
females nor immature males would show
the amount of reddish streaking on the
breast as this bird indicated.
The question of interest for this
particular bird is the identification of
subspecies. The entire olive-green crown,
together with the yellowish tinge to the
front of the forehead (many individuals
show no yellow on the forehead), is the
primary known field mark identification
of rubiginosa (Curson et al. 1994;
Godfrey 1986). D. p. aestiva has a
completely yellow forehead, crown, and
nape (Curson 1994), and D. p. amnicola
(the subspecies that breeds across
Canada and the interior of Alaska) has
olive-green upperparts, including the
crown and nape, with a bright yellow
forehead (Godfrey). I do not have a
reference for the color of the crown for
morcomi. Thus, the color of the crown
and forehead suggest that the bird is
rubiginosa, but amnicola is similar to
rubiginosa, nests to the north of
Pennsylvania, and must migrate through
the state. Therefore, for the remainder of
this documentation, I will primarily
compare rubiginosa with amnicola.
With regard to color of the
underparts, Curson et al. (1994) indicate
that amnicola is slightly duller than
aestiva . They also state that
rubiginosa has duller underparts than
amnicola. However, no references I
could find mention the contrast between
the paler belly and brighter breast we
saw on this bird. With regard to the
breast streaking, Curson et al (1994)
state that for amnicola it is narrower
and darker than on aestiva. Also, for
comparison, Curson et al (1994) note that
morcomi has wider and paler streaking
on its breast than aestiva. The bird that
we saw also gave me the impression of
having narrow breast streaking.
However, Curson et al. (1994) do not
mention the width of the breast
streaking on rubiginosa. At the time of
observation, I did not notice the darkness
of the streaking.
As stated above, amnicola breeds
to the north of Pennsylvania. According
to the fifth edition of the AOU Checklist,
rubiginosa breeds in coastal Alaska and
British Columbia and winters on the
west coast of Mexico and Central
America. This suggests a migration along
the west coast of the US, and in fact the
fifth edition of the AOU Checklist states
that rubiginosa is casual in migration to
Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Thus,
simply based on geography, amnicola
would be more likely than rubiginosa.
The late date could apply equally well to
either subspecies, as both subspecies do
nest as far away as Alaska. Also, Parkes
(1968) assigned a bird collected at
Powdermill Nature Reserve on 25
September 1966 in western Pennsylvania
to rubiginosa. This comprised the
northeasternmost record for rubiginosa
up to that time. Furthermore, there has
been an even later record of Yellow
Warbler in Pennsylvania (Santner et al.
1992). However, no reference to
subspecies was made.
I have extensive experience with
both aestiva in the Northeast USA, and
morcomi in Colorado, where I lived
during the past three years. But, I have
no field experience with rubiginosa.
Also, although I assume I have seen
many amnicola as migrants, I had not
previously noted their field marks. Based
on my above description, I strongly feel
that the bird must be either amnicola or
rubiginosa. Furthermore, the color of
the forehead suggests that the bird is
rubiginosa. However, one should always
use caution when using a single
fieldmark, i.e., the color of the forehead,
for an identification. Other field marks
indicated in the above description, such
as the contrast between the color of the
breast and belly, discontinuous
streaking, and slight eyeline, are not
indicated in the literature as being
applicable to any particular subspecies.
As a result, because very little has been
published about identification of the
various Yellow Warbler subspecies, it
does not seem unreasonable to me for the
Pennsylvania Ornithological Records
Committee to archive this documentation
as either amnicola or rubiginosa until
more is known about the field marks of
these two subspecies of Yellow Warbler.
The notes for this documentation
were written in the afternoon at home on
the day of the observation. None of the
references listed below, nor any field
guide, was consulted until after the
written description of the field marks for
the above bird was completed.
Literature Cited
American Ornithologists' Union Check-
list of North American Birds. 5th
ed. 1957.
Curson, J., D. Quinn, and D. Beadle.
1994. Warblers of the Americas.
Houghton-Mifflin.
Godfrey, W.E. 1986. The Birds of
Canada. National Museum of
Canada.
Parkes, K.C. 1968. Some bird records
from western Pennsylvania. Wilson
Bull. 80:100-102.
Santner, S.J., D.W. Brauning, G.
Schwalbe, and P.W. Schwalbe.
1992. Annotated List of the Birds of
Pe nnsy lvania . Pennsylvania
Biological Survey.
887 Grace St.
State College 16801
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 220 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
The Marsh Monitoring Program Needs You!
Across North America, various
types of wetlands and the plants
and animals found in them face
i n c r e a s i n g t h r e a t s f r o m
development and pollution. Two-
thirds of the Great Lakes wetlands
have been lost; many drained or
reclaimed for land development.
Forty-three Areas of Concern
(AOCs) around the Great Lakes
have been identified by the
International Joint Commission as
being particularly stressed and in
urgent need of rehabilitation.
Remedial Action Plan (RAP) and
Public Advisory Committees
(PACs) have been established to
implement rehabilitation of the
ecosystem in each AOC.
In addition to loss of habitat,
scientists around the world are
c o n c e r n e d w i t h d e c l i n i n g
populations of amphibian and
birds. In the past few decades,
many species once commonly found
in North American wetlands have
suffered reductions in numbers.
Efforts to determine just how much
they have declined have been
hindered by a lack of knowledge
about the present and historical
population levels.
Th e M arsh M onitoring
Program (MMP) is a cooperative
project of Long Point Bird
Observatory and Environment
Canada (the Canadian Wildlife
Service and the Great Lakes
Cleanup Fund), with the support of
the U.S. Great Lakes Protection
Fund. It has been established to
aid the conservation of marsh
habitat by establishing a baseline
assessment of marsh bird and
a m p h ibian sp ecies an d b y
m onitoring their popu lation
changes and habitats over the long
term. In addition to monitoring
individual sites, the Program will
provide valuable data on marsh
birds and amphibians on a region-
wide basis. The information
gathered will be used to assist RAP
committees in assessing the
progress of their rehabilitation
efforts as well as assisting similar
community action programs in the
rest of the Great Lakes Basin.
T he M arsh M onitorin g
Program is a volunteer-based
program. It is open to anyone with
an interest in birds and/or frogs
and toads. Volunteers have the
option of adopting a preselected
route or they can set up their own
route. The Program focuses on the
Great Lakes Basin, but any marsh
in Ontario and in any U.S. state
bordering the Great Lakes can be
surveyed.
A Marsh Monitoring Training
Kit will be distributed to all
volunteers in March, whether they
are monitoring birds, amphibians
or both. The Kit is comprised of
written instructions for both the
bird and amphibian surveys and an
identification guide to common
wetland vegetation. The Training
Kit also includes an instructional
tape with examples of the songs
and calls of the birds and
amphibians most likely to be
encountered. This combination of
written and audio instruction will
open the survey to a much broader
audience. You don't need to be an
e x p e r t o r n i t h o l o g i s t o r
herpetologist to take part.
Marsh bird monitoring routes
are composed of 4 to 8 permanently
marked sample stations surveyed
using fixed time, fixed distance,
point counts with a call playback
tape for certain bird species. Two
separate visits will be made to each
route, not less then ten days apart,
between 20 May and 5 July.
Surveys are conducted after 6 p.m.
and conclude before sunset.
Amphibian monitoring routes
may be the same as those used for
the marsh bird surveys or they
may be set up independently. The
amphibian surveys are also based
upon point counts, however, no
callback tape is used. Each route is
visited on three separate occasions
no less then 15 days apart. Surveys
are conducted over a 10-week
period, between 1 April and 1 July,
depending upon the latitude of the
route. All surveys are carried out
after sunset and conclude before
midnight. In addition to the
population monitoring, stations on
both th e m arsh bird an d
amphibian routes will be mapped
f o r g e n e r a l v e g e t a t i o n
c h a r ac ter is tics to h e lp in
determ ining species' habitat
associations.
For more information on the
Marsh Monitoring Program or to
sign up for a route, contact:
Amy Chabot
MMP Project Coordinator
Long Point Bird Observatory
PO Box 160
Port Rowan, Ontario N0E 1M0.
Phone: 519-586-3531
Fax: 519-586-3532
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 221 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Ornithological Technical CommitteeMeeting Summary
Penn State University, 11 November 1994
In response to inquiries about the
Ornithological Technical Committee of
the Pennsylvania Biological Survey and
its activities, it was agreed that each
biannual meeting would be summarized
in Pennsylvania Birds. The first
summary is provided below.
Attendance:
Doug Gross (Chair), Terry Master,
Charles Bier, Margaret Brittingham,
Paul Schwalbe, Dan Brauning, Chuck
Yohn, Chris Haney, Laurie Goodrich
(Secretary); Absent members: Frank
Haas, Daniel Klem, Jr., Donald Snyder.
Chair Announcements:
Doug Gross welcomed a new
member to the OTC, Chris Haney of
Penn State University, DuBois Campus.
Doug announced a workshop to be
held in December or January with Jerry
Hassinger and Mammal Technical
Committee to discuss funding priorities
for Wild Resource Conservation Fund.
Dan Brauning explained that the license
plates have brought in more money than
had been previously available and thus
an opportunity for thinking about larger
projects. In the future there is an
opportunity for additional funds to the
states through the National Wildlife
Diversity Initiative. For both reasons,
Jerry would like the input of the
committee about state priorities for bird
research and monitoring.
Treasurer's Report/Bird Checklist:
Paul Schwalbe reported on sales of
the publication Annotated List of Birds
of Pennsylvania (Santner et al. 1992,
Penn. Biol. Survey Contr. No. 4, OTC), a
checklist of Pennsylvania birds written
primarily by OTC members. The booklet
is almost sold out, and the committee
discussed whether we should reprint
more of this edition or revise it and then
publish it. After discussion it was
decided to buy 100 copies back from Wild
Resource Conservation Fund and use
those for resale until revisions could be
made sometime in the future. Proceeds
from sales of checklist will be used for
revision of checklist and to buy several
hundred reprints of the recent article on
Breeding Birds of Special Concern: A
Listing Rationale and Status Update
(Jour. Penn. Acad. of Science 68(1):3-28,
1994) for distribution to interested
parties, legislators, etc.
P e n n sy lv a n i a O r n it h o lo g ic a l
Records Committee:
Doug Gross expressed his
appreciation for the hard work of the
Records Committee (PORC) and Nick
Pulcinella, the new Records Committee
Chair. Two positions will be open in
spring 1995. D. Gross will send letter of
inquiry to Carnegie Museum and
Academy of Natural Sciences to inquire
if any of the curatorial staff are
interested. The relationship of OTC and
PSO was discussed. D. Gross reported
that the PSO recognizes PORC as the
records committee for state birds in that
PORC has already been reviewing data
submitted to the Special Areas Project of
PSO.
Pennsylvania Game Commission
Joint Meeting with OTC:
Meeting will be held December 8th.
Items to be discussed include: new
publication on Breeding Birds of Special
Concern in state; piscivorous birds and
aquaculture conflicts; biodiversity plan,
old growth forest research (see below).
Piscivorous Birds Committee:
Terry Master was asked to serve as
committee chair due to his experience
with foraging in herons and egrets.
Pennsylvania Biological Survey (PBS)
and OTC have been involved with the
issue of bird depredation at fish
hatcheries over the last few months
(particularly D. Gross and T. Master). D.
Gross sent a letter on behalf of the PBS
to the Pa. Fish and Boat Commission
expressing concerns about increased
requests for depredation permits and
requesting a meeting of the agencies
involved, National Audubon Society, and
other appropriate conservation groups.
Non-lethal methods have not worked in
many locations. The Fish Commission
has made considerable efforts to use
non-lethal methods of deterrence,
h ow e v e r i t ap pe ars th a t th e
aquaculturists are not making the same
efforts. Discussion emphasized the need
for more research on herons and their
foraging behavior, the need for meeting
with aquaculturists on this problem, and
continuing the communication among
the agencies involved. OTC has provided
technical information on this issue to
several conservation groups in the state.
Old Growth Forests:
Chris Haney reported on his
ongoing research with birds in old
growth forests. Higher densities of some
species (e.g. Swainson's Thrush) were
found. Criteria for defining old growth
were discussed. According to criteria
developed in Michigan, attributes such
as woody debris and snags are
important. Some Pennsylvania old
growth appears to not be regenerating
due to deer browsing.
Species of Special Concern List:
A form to petition to add species is
listed in the Pennsylvania Journal of
Science article and will be published in
Pennsylvania Birds. Discussion included
the issue on non-breeders on lists in
other states. Some members felt we
should not include non-breeding birds on
the state list but rather look at
important areas for non-breeding birds,
e.g. migrant concentration points. Dan
Brauning mentioned the new project
launched by National Audubon Society
to identify the Important Bird Areas for
the state. This project will be a flagship
for the entire country and will identify
the important areas for breeding, non-
breeding or migrant birds throughout
the state.
Other Announcements:
Pennsylvania Partners in Flight
meeting will be held in conjunction with
The Wildlife Society meeting on 31
March in DuBois. Dan Brauning is Chair
of Pennsylvania's Steering Committee.
Dan Brauning mentioned that he
and Jerry McWilliams are working on a
book on the birds of Pennsylvania. He
also mentioned there were 20 Osprey
and 18 Bald Eagle nests and 5 pair of
shrikes in the state in 1994.
Doug Gross reported that the
publication of Biodiversity 2000 book has
been delayed, but will be reviewed over
the next six months.
The Next OTC meeting will be held
19 May 1995 in conjunction with the
PSO meeting in Hazleton.
Laurie J. Goodrich, Secretary
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 222 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Summary of the Season - October through December 1994
What a mild season it was.
Memories of the 1993 Christmas
Bird Counts, with many conducted
in sub-freezing weather, had
birders out this year in almost
short-sleeve shirt temperatures.
Alan and Monica Gregory's report
on the 1994 CBCs bears witness to
this, with 164 species tabulated on
the 64 counts. Several counts set
new record highs, with Solanco the
highest this year with 113 species.
Since we have only one state on
which to report, we can get the
information to you rather quickly.
The Rare and Unusual Bird
R eports sec tion also g ives
testimony to the fact that there
were definitely lingering birds to
be found.
Although the open water made
for good observation of waterfowl
generally, it made finding same
more difficult in Erie. Osprey were
seen in Dec. in Berks, Clinton, and
Huntingdon. A total of three
Swainson's Hawk were seen: 2
over Bake Oven Knob (Lehigh) in
Nov. and 1 over the Militia Hill
Hawk Watch (Montgomery) in
Sept. The five Sandhill Cranes in
the Law ren ce/B utler/M ercer
complex remained into Dec., and
four other counties reported
finding this species as well.
There was an excellent listing
o f shorebirds th is quarter,
including the elusive Purple
Sandpiper in Erie. Erie also had
the only reports of phalarope or
jaeger. A Black Tern was found in
O ct. in W estm oreland and,
remarkably, Black-billed Cuckoo
was found at opposite ends of the
state (Westmoreland and Berks)
that month as well. It was
definitely not a Snowy Owl
invasion year.
Best find for the Solanco CBC
was a Western Kingbird that
cooperated for detailed descriptions
and photographs. Three species of
swallow made their presence
known into this quarter. Both
s h r ik e s w e r e f o u n d ; th e
Loggerhead Shrike in Crawford
set a new late date.
What a year for warblers on
CBCs! Ten species were found
across the state, in and of itself a
new record, and many were new
for a particular count. The Parula
and Yellow-throated were new for
the state (on CBCs).
A Green-tailed Towhee in
Montgomery obliged many early-
rising birders who chased for it.
Fortunately it visited a birder's
residence, providing a 1st County
record and only the 2nd State
record. This bird was still being
seen as we went to press. Not as
obliging was the Lark Sparrow in
Bucks, which was only seen one
day by one individual.
Is there a pattern emerging?
The first state record of LeConte's
Sparrow was in Westmoreland in
October 91, followed the next April
by one in Chester. The third record
was in October 93 in Lancaster,
followed by one in Chester the next
April. If so, then the one seen in
Montgomery this past November
should be followed by a sighting
this April. Will it happen? Best
place to find Sharp-tailed
Sparrow of late continues to be on
th e is la n d s in th e lo w e r
Susquehanna River.
After last year's redpoll
invasion, the only ones (20
individuals) located this year were
on CBCs in counties where we do
not get regular county reports (18
in Wayne and 2 in Clearfield). Pine
Siskins were reported from only 6
counties. C rossbill re ports
continue to be few, with the only
Red Crossbill in Lancaster in late
O ctober and W hite -w inged
Crossbill found only in Clarion
and Perry counties. Oh, well,
someday there will be a winter
finch invasion again. Won't there?
The doom and gloom
prognosticators of an even worse
winter than last year were,
fortunately, proved wrong. But it
probably served us all well to at
least be prepared for the worst.
There were 256 species (plus 1
exotic) reported this quarter, down
slightly from the 263 reported in
the same quarter last year. We
received partial or complete reports
from 49 counties. Thanks again to
our hardworking county compilers!
There were 306 species plus 7
exotics, escapes, or hybrids
reported this year.
Frank & Barb Haas
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 223 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Notes From the Field
Allegheny County
W e tallied 100 spp. this quarter and finished out the year
with 209 spp. A disappointing fall m igration petered out
uneventfully, and our CBC held 12/31 was unexceptional. Once
again, the bulk of our good records came from Imperial (IM).
Noteworthy at IM were 10 N. Harrier and 1 Rough-legged
Hawk (TF et al.). No Ruffed Grouse was reported. E. Screech-
Owl were scarce on the CBC, perhaps due to heavy mortality from
last winter's snow and cold. A mind-bending 27 Short-eared Owl
gathered at IM 12/18 (CT). Last winter's harsh weather was
suspected in the low CBC total of Carolina Wren . However, N.
Mockingbird continue to increase slowly, as evidenced by the
CBC's 14, an all-time record. At least 140 Am. Pipit staged at IM
10/29 (MFl,TF) and 1 lingered to 12/31 at North Park (JV et al.). A
Yellow-rum ped Warbler 12/6 (WH) rounded out a mediocre fall
warbler migration. A Fox Sparrow 11/20 (MF) and 4 W hite-
crowned Sparrow 10/13 (PB) were the only reports. A Lapland
Longspur was at IM (MF,TF) 10/30. E. Meadowlark max. was 20
at IM 11/13 (CT), and 1 remained until 12/4 (CT). The only winter
finches were a Purple Finch (PH) and a scattering of Pine Siskin
(v.o.).
Armstrong County
Highlight of this rather ordinary season was an imm. Bald
Eagle migrating through Crooked Creek Park 10/12 (PK). Few
waterfowl reports were received. A Red-headed Woodpecker at
Keystone Res. 11/14 was nice.
Berks County
A small-race Canada Goose was at L. Ontelaunee (LO) 10/2
(MS). An Osprey seen on the Reading CBC (RBC) 12/18 (DK) is the
latest and only Dec. record. There were at least 6 Bald Eagle
reports off the Kittatinny Ridge, including 3 seen on the Bernville
CBC (BBC) 1/2. While owling on the Hamburg CBC (HBC), SW and
JH heard not only a record 4 Barred Owl, but also 2 packs of
coyotes howling at the same stop. N. Saw-whet Owl can go
unreported for years, but this year we had 4 records: KG reported
1 at HMS 10/8 and 2 at the Port Clinton fire tower 12/4; MS heard
1 calling at Grace Mine, Morgantown, 12/26; and 1 narrowly missed
being collected when it flew in front of the Silagy's car on the RBC
12/18.
Many kinglets were counted in Oct. and enough stayed to
produce above-average or record totals on the CBCs, esp. of Ruby-
crowned. Other late lingerers, most found on CBCs, were: E.
Phoebe 12/18; 3 Gray Catbird 1/1,2,6/95; 2 Orange-crowned
Warbler 12/18 and 1/1; and a C. Yellowthroat 1/2. All of these had
precedents, unlike the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher seen at LO 1/1
(MS) and 1/2 (MW ), the only record of this sp. in Berks between Oct.
and Apr. As with Saw-whets, so with Orange-crowned W arbler:
usually there is no report; this year there were 4. Besides the CBC
birds, 1 was at LO 10/1 (KL) and 1 at Leesport 10/5 (DK). It was
unusual to get 6 reports of a skulker like Lincoln's Sparrow .
White-crowned Sparrow set records of 60 on the HBC 1/1 and 84
on the BBC 1/2. The only Snow Bunting seen were flying over the
hawk lookouts in Nov., and winter finches were represented by a
quarterly total of 8 Purple Finch, one of the leanest years for this
group.
Bucks County
Highlights include 4 rarities that only stayed a brief tim e: a
Snowy Owl was seen for several hours on the roof of the Palisades
High School 12/13 (SA). An Orange-crowned Warbler was found
on the Southern Bucks CBC (SCBC) 12/17 (RM). A Lark Sparrow
was reported 12/1 at Kintersville (BF). This was a 1st Co. record,
but unfortunately it was only seen once.
A Red-necked Grebe was at Nockamixon SP (NSP) 11/10
(SF). 2 Great Corm orant were on the SCBC 12/17. An Am .
Bittern was at New Hope 10/21 (BH). A Gr. White-fronted Goose
was at Peace Valley Park (PVP) from 10/23+ (KR). This is the 3rd
consecutive season for this sp. at the lake. A Common Teal was at
Chalfont 11/13 (RF). N. Shoveler were at PVP (6 on 12/11 by TW)
and on the Upper (3 on 12/18) and Southern (10 on 12/17) CBCs. A
Gr. Scaup was at PVP 12/17 (RF). Oldsquaw were found from
11/7 at NSP (SF) to 12/11 at New Hope (BH). At NSP a Black
Scoter and a Red-breasted Merganser were seen on 11/11 (SF)
and a White-winged Scoter was seen 11/16,17 (SF,KR).
A N. Goshawk was at New Hope 10/2,12 (BH). Merlin were
at New Hope 10/1 (BH) and at Chalfont 11/2 (RF). Peregrine
Falcon were reported at New Hope 10/9 (BH), at Revere 10/24 (SF),
and on the SCBC 12/17.
The Pectoral Sandpiper remained at PVP to 10/29 (AM). A
Dunlin was at NSP 10/12 (SF). At PVP were a Bonaparte's Gull
11/2 and a Glaucous Gull 11/10 (SF). A Forster's Tern was at
Bristol 10/4 (RM). Both Barred and Short-eared owls were found
on the UCBC 12/18). A Short-eared Owl was also reported at New
Hope 11/9 (BH). Two Long-eared Ow l were found on the SCBC.
Red-headed Woodpecker were at Revere 10/3 (SF) and on the
UCBC 12/18.
133 Fish Crow were counted on the SCBC. A Gray-cheeked
Thrush was at PVP 10/1 (RF). 3 late Palm Warbler showed up on
the SCBC. Connecticut Warbler were at Chalfont 10/6,7 (RF).
Mourning W arbler continued to be at PVP to 10/2 (SF). A late
Indigo Bunting was at Chalfont 11/4 (RF). Vesper Sparrow were
at Chalfont from 10/25–11/4 (RF).
EXOTIC: A Shelduck was seen at NSP 12/13 (SF,RF et al.),
but only the one day.
Butler County
The mild season kept a good variety of waterfowl past mid-
Dec. at L. Arthur, in low numbers except 120+ Bufflehead, 200+
Ruddy Duck, and 800+ Am. Coot. Notable were 2 Oldsquaw and
3 White-winged Scoter on the CBC, which also tallied a high 211
Bonaparte's Gull (GW ).
Glades' Bald Eagle pair remained until the lake froze at
year-end (NW ), and a Rough-legged Hawk appeared at Zelienople
12/25 (JZ).
Landbirds seemed scarce, including no northern finches, a
scan sparrow migration, and surprisingly few half-hardy lingerers.
Mourning Dove, Am. Tree Sparrow, White-throated Sparrow,
and House Finch were 70-80% below the past 10-year CBC
average in birds/party-hour. Blue Jay, Tufted Titmouse, Am.
Robin, and Am . Goldfinch were 40-50% down. Exceptional,
however, were the CBC's 7 Fox and 3 White-crowned sparrows
(GW ).
Late dates included Great Egret 10/15 at L. Arthur (JH) and
L. Oneida (FL); Turkey Vulture 12/12 at Slippery Rock Twp (GW );
Osprey 11/11 (JS,SS) and 11/24 (RS) at L. Arthur; Least
Sandpiper 10/15 at L. Arthur (JH), and Ruby-crowned Kinglet
in Dec. at Moraine SP (MG). Most interesting was a singing Pine
Warbler present for a m onth to 10/30 at Slippery Rock Twp in a
Chipping Sparrow flock (GW ).
Cambria County
Byers comments on the 2 Hermit Thrush on 12/2: "They
were singing a rather subdued short version of their song, but
definitely their courtship/territorial song." Salvetti ends his report
with Eur. Starling in Prince Gallitzin SP at 40,000 ± one or two!!
Cameron County
On 11/25 Paul & Glenna Schwalbe saw an imm. Golden
Eagle near Driftwood. The bird did not appear to be migrating at
the time of observation.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 224 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Chester County
An Eared Grebe was at the Honey Brook Sewage Plant
10/11–14 (EBNT, ph. FH). A Cinnamon Teal, originally found in
Lancaster also made it into Chester 11/27 (JHG).
A % Yellow-headed Blackbird was at Cochranville 10/29
(EBNT).
OMM ISSION: last quarter: 2 imm. Little Blue Heron at
Embreeville County Park 8/11,25 and 9/1,11 (JM).
Clarion County
A migrating Bald Eagle went through Wentlings Corners
10/13 (W F). A Whip-poor-will was heard at 3 a.m. in the
Shippenville area (MB).
A N. Shrike was found at a horse pasture near Shippenville
on the 12/17 CBC (JH et al.). Later it was found in adjoining
scrubby abandoned fields. A roost was found 12/29 in a hawthron
tree where whitewash and 3 pellets showed occupancy. No impaled
prey was found. Pellets contained much hair, small mam mal bones
(voles?) and insect parts: pieces of chitin and legs. Not observed
after 1/8/95.
C. Grackle by the thousands (?) invaded New Bethlehem
between 11/13 and 11/21. The flock included minor numbers of Red-
winged Blackbird, Brown-headed Cowbird, and a few Eur.
Starling. They roosted at night in the maple trees in residential
neighborhoods, posing a fair nuisance to the community. Apparently
they all left together at the end of the period (JF).
On 10/25 a & White-winged Crossbill appeared at JF's
feeder in New Bethlehem. On 10/26 there were 4 && . He saw them
well enough, at a distance of ±10', to be able to see the crossed bills
without binocular. The white wing bars were diagnostic.
Clinton County
An Osprey was found on the CBC 12/31 by Mike Croll, who
is very familiar with this species. Ruffed Grouse num bers were
very high this fall according to several reports.
Crawford County
A Loggerhead Shrike found at Conneaut Marsh 12/17 was
most likely the latest date this sp. has been recorded in Crawford
(RCL,RFL).
Low numbers of loons and grebes may be due to no real cold
fronts. 3 Black-crowned Night-Heron were at Pymatuning
Spillway area 11/5 (RFL). A marked increase in the number of
Herring Gull noted.
The E. Phoebe seen on the Linesville CBC 12/17 along the
Bessemer RR tracks at Hartstown Marsh is a new late date record
for that sp. at Pymatuning (RH, RFL). The 4 Ruby-crowned
Kinglet set a new CBC record. All other Dec. records have been of
single birds only (RFL).
Dauphin County
Golden Eagles were reported on three occasions from the
Blue Mt. hawkwatch, while a Peregrine Falcon 10/9 and a N.
Goshawk 11/12 were also observed (MM). Another peregrine was
seen in downtown Harrisburg 11/30 (EC). Long-eared Owl
returned to their Hershey roost with 5 reported on the 12/17 CBC
(SR et al.). A Short-eared Owl was flushed near Halifax 11/16 (SB).
The mild weather likely accounted for these late sightings:
Both Rusty and Red-winged blackbirds were seen 12/4 (GR), and
a C. Yellowthroat made the CBC near Hershey on 12/17 (SR).
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker and Winter Wren were present all
quarter, while reports of Carolina Wren were lower than normal.
Delaware County
The Glenolden CBC 12/17 produced 4 Great Corm orant on
the Delaware R. Also on the CBC was a very late Great Egret at
Earl's L. Two Oldsquaw were at Springton Res. 12/16, but not for
the CBC. Black Vulture are now resident, with a high count of 6
on 11/18 at Hilldacy Farms. An imm. Bald Eagle flew over my
home 11/19, when I also had a Rough-legged Hawk . A N.
Goshawk was found in Ridley Creek SP 11/25 (FH). Two Merlin
were found: 1 in Swarthmore 11/21 and 1 in Haverford 12/26 (HM).
A good find was a lingering C. Moorhen at Tinicum 12/17 (JCM).
A very late Black-throated Green Warbler was new for the
CBC and a Palm Warbler was found that day in Newtown Square
(JF). Two Lincoln's Sparrow were found: 1 at RCSP 10/2 (NP) and
1 at the airport (RM ). E. Meadowlark was found at the airport
10/1 and another at the Darlington Tract 12/11 (AG). A late N.
Oriole was noted in Prospect Park 12/21 (JCM).
Elk County
Two Pied-billed Grebe at Owls Nest (ON) 10/9, a Horned
Grebe the sam e day at SGL28, 4 Wood Duck at Crow Run 11/5,
2 Am . Black Duck at Cole Run 10/30, 23 Blue-winged Teal 10/9
at SGL28, 1 lone Blue-winged Teal at Cole Run 10/30 were some of
the waterfowl DW watched. 12 Ring-necked Duck were at St.
Marys Res. 10/26 (LC).
10/30 was the last date for Turkey Vulture at Cole Run
(DW ). Sharp-shinned 12/3 and Cooper's hawks 11/5 were at Crow
Run, while Red-shouldered Hawk was at ON 10/9 and Cole Run
10/30 (DW ).
Last seen Killdeer was 10/30 at Cole Run (DW ). Tufted
Titmouse, Red-breasted Nuthatch, and Carolina W ren started
showing up at St. Marys (SM) feeders (LC,DS). From 10/10–28 E.
Bluebird were noted moving through SM (LC,DS). Last Hermit
Thrush at Crow Run 11/5 (DW ), and 2 Wood Thrush at Glen
Hazel 10/12 (LC). Cedar Waxwing few and far between.
W olfe mentions a mini-migration going through his yard the
first week of Oct.: 22 Yellow-rumped Warbler 10/6, with 13 more
10/8. He also had 11 Chipping and 6 Song sparrows 10/7–13. Am .
Tree Sparrow were in SM (DS) and 15 at Cole Run 11/20 (LC). 2
White-crowned Sparrow were at Glen Hazel 10/12 (LC). On 11/25
Sorg noted two lighter-colored junco with brown/pink sides
(Oregon?) in his yard.
On 10/31 Christenson watched 3000+ blackbirds head east.
Sorg reported a flock of Rusty Blackbird 10/16. Sorg noted no
conjunctivitis in his flock of ±20 House Finch. Mild weather, bird
feeders quiet, no winter finches.
Erie County
The more open water available to waterfowl throughout the
period made finding them difficult. However, several large flocks of
ducks were found staging in L. Erie off the outer beaches of Presque
Isle SP. Most flocks remained stationary from early Nov. to late
Dec. Over 2000 scaup (mostly Lesser), 300 Surf Scoter, and a
remarkable total of 100,000+ Red-breasted Merganser were
estimated at various times through the period. There was very little
shorebird or gull activity.
The mild fall persuaded som e birds to remain later than
usual, such as the Marsh Wren that was found on the CBC,
breaking the previous late record in Erie by about 6 weeks! The
Gray Catbird on the CBC was very late as well.
The only northern finch reported was an unconfirmed sighting
of a Pine Siskin coming to a feeder for a few days in Oct.
Fayette County
The Watkos found the following at Green Lick Dam, Jacobs
Creek County Park: 10/27: 5 White-winged Scoter; 11/9: 5
Gadwall; 11/15: 30 Ruddy Duck, 1000+ Tundra Swan (in flight);
11/18: 1000+ Tundra Swan, 8 Gadwall; 12/11: 23 Horned Grebe,
28 Bufflehead, 26 Ruddy Duck; 12/19: 70 Tundra Swan, 29
Bufflehead, 20 Ring-necked Duck (fide Bob Leberman).
A Black-throated Green Warbler was found at Ohiopyle on
12/10 (DD,EH).
On 11/15 heavy rains all day "grounded" enormous numbers
of Tundra Swan on the mountain lakes. It's a good thing the
Shaffers were in the field to see this event. Donegal L.
(Westmoreland) and L. Somerset (Somerset) were also loaded with
Tundra Swan. Noted on Jacobs Creek L. 11/15 were: 2 C. Loon, 4
Horned Grebe, 250 Tundra Swan, 1 Gadwall, 7 Ring-necked Duck,
1 Ls. Scaup, 4 Surf Scoter, 1 C. Goldeneye, 50 Bufflehead, 1
Ruddy Duck, and 10 Am. Coot.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 225 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Franklin County
A Dickcissel was found on the CBC 12/17 (DRH).
Greene County
On C. Raven: Although we live approx. 20 m i. w. of the
Allegheny Mts., the raven is not rare here. First noted, 2 flying over,
on 7/2/84. The next sighting was 9/16/85. Then 3 were noted flying
over on 2/3/87. Then twice note in Oct. 1987. The 1 was seen being
chased by a crow on 11/11/90. In Oct. 1992 and Oct. 1993 they were
heard. 2 have been seen (or heard) at least a dozen times this Dec.
(1994). We now have lots of deer here and dead deer in the wood
may bring them here. They may even be nesting on some high cliffs
w. of here. Will check this out this spring.
Huntingdon County
An Osprey was nr. Huntingdon 12/15 (CY). A Short-eared
Owl was seen once ±12/27 near Mooresville (PL). A late Barn
Swallow was at Huntingdon 10/23 and a late Wood Thrush at
Detweilers Run 11/4 (GG).
The 11th Huntingdon CBC held 12/18 had 61 spp. (10-yr
avg.=59.6). One new (probably overdue) species was added to the
cumulative list, Red-winged Blackbird (#99). Five species were
found ofor only the 2nd tim e: Ring-necked Duck, C. Goldeneye,
C. Merganser, Am. Woodcock, Yellow-rumped Warbler. High
counts were found for both kinglets: 102 Golden-crowned (10-yr
avg.=39); and 16 Ruby-crowned (10-yr avg.=2). Five Carolina
Wren found (10-yr avg.=14).
Indiana County
Highlights included a Sandhill Crane, Red-throated Loon,
1 Red-necked Grebe, several reports of Snow Geese, and Black
and White-winged scoters, all at Yellow Creek SP (YC). Rough-
legged Hawk was observed only once–at Nolo. The top count ever
of Am. Coot at YC reached 770; coots were consistently present all
quarter. A m igrant flock of ±30 thrushes near Hillsdale contained
at least 5 Gray-cheeked Thrush; Roger & I were only able to focus
on 5 indiv. before the flock took off, the rest of the birds
unidentified.
Indiana's CBC was the 2nd best ever, despite an all-day fog.
W e listed 10,759 indiv. of 67 spp. with an additional 5 observed
during count week. Three species new to the count – No. Pintail,
Gadwall, and Am. Woodcock – were added. In addition, all-time
high tallies were reached on 12 spp. – Com. Loon, Pied-billed
Grebe, Canvasback, R uffed Grouse, Am. Coot, Barred Owl,
Red-bellied Woodpecker, Pileated Woodpecker, Black-
capped Chickadee, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Am . Robin,
Yellow-rumped Warbler.
Lancaster County
This fall brought above normal temperatures and below
normal precipitation. The large number of sum mer lingerers
reported on the CBCs probably reflected the warm weather. In fact,
even without winter finches, most of the CBCs reported good species
counts. The Solanco CBC won the prize by sm ashing their old record
of 108 with an amazing total of 112 spp. The most exciting rarity
this fall was certainly the drake Cinnamon Teal, a very beautiful
bird. However, there were m any other notable finds, and many are
detailed in the Rare Birds section.
Sandhill Crane, an imm. first seen 10/23 (EBNT), sightings
occured through Nov. on the Conejohela Flats. Then in late Nov.
reports of a crane feeding on the Paul W itmer farm near the
intersection of Blue Rock and River rds. began to surface. An imm.
appeared regularly in this and other nearby fields through Dec.
Apparently the crane spent the nights on the flats and it could often
be seen there in the early morning and late evening. Over the years
there have been quite a few Sandhill Crane sightings in the Co., but
this record was unique since it provided a 1st for the Lancaster
CBC.
3 Eurasian Wigeon turned up on the SCBC—a pair in
Drumore Twp and an imm. % at Octoraro L. Four Surf Scoter at
Middle Creek 10/16 provided both a new early date and the 1st
Middle Creek record (TG). Despite a dismal migratory season, N.
Goshawk appeared in good numbers with 2 seen on the SCBC and
the LCBC. Peregrine Falcon were present all quarter again; but
this time they were seen near Millersville (LCBC) and in Drum ore
Twp (m.ob.). The 125 Am. Coot at the Conejohela Flats represented
a modern high count for the Co. (EBNT). Shorebirds were well
represented with 16 spp. reported. Unlike last year, many warblers
decided to hang around into the first week of Oct. In all, 14 spp.
were reported including a Yellow Warbler 10/29 breaking the old
record by 37 days. A Bobolink made news by staying on the flats
until 11/27, breaking the old record by 54 days. The Red Crossbill
in Rapho Twp 10/30 (RM) was the first since 1988; but even so,
winter finches were practically nonexistent. One Pine Siskin was
reported, but no Evening Grosbeak.
Rarities detailed elsewhere are Great Cormorant, Ross'
Goose, Cinnam on Teal, Sandhill Crane, Western Kingbird
(2nd Co. and 1st for Solanco CBC), Dickcissel, Sharp-tailed
Sparrow , and Yellow-headed and Brewer's blackbirds.
Lawrence County
The 5 Sandhill Cranes remained in the Plain Grove area
until 12/14. Up to 13 Short-eared Ow l and 6 N. Harrier have
been seen at the Volant strip mine area. Here Horned Lark and E.
Meadowlark could be found through Dec.
Ring-billed and Herring gulls were good for our Co. and the
Am. Pipit numbers, ±350, were impressive.
Lehigh County
Carolina Chickadee, rare here, was at a Macungie feeder
sporadically (PBM) m ost of the quarter. Two Swainson's Hawk
went by Bake Oven Knob 11/8 (AK,FB). An imm. % Dickcissel was
found near Trexlertown on the Allentown CBC 12/17 (BLM,KS,AJ,
EM) and observed in good light from 20' away.
Lycoming County
From the Schwalbes: The Ruffed Grouse population was
very good this fall. A Nashville W arbler was in Jersey Shore
11/23. Only 1 Am. Tree Sparrow was at the feeder all fall and
winter; not this absent in ±25 years. A Sw am p Sparrow was at
Antes Fort 10/25 and White-crowned Sparrow first noted 10/25.
Mercer County
It was a dull waterfowl season. Concensus was that they
migrated late and just flew over the Co. Two Red-shouldered
Hawk have chosen Grove City College for their wintering grounds.
In spite of last year's severe winter, Wild Turkey continue to
increase: a flcok numbering 35+ was seen regularly at Hermitage.
A record acorn crop should insure their survival.
Winter Wren sightings were common 10/5– 11/18, but not
one Carolina. Yellow-rum ped , the only warbler reported, was
scarce. None stopped to gorge on poison ivy berries at a particular
spot where they have been seen every fall for years. A very possible
white-winged form of Dark-eyed Junco was observed at a Grove
City feeder 10/23 (HB).
Montgomery County
Three rather unusual birds visited this quarter, all in the
Green Lane Res. area. A Sandhill Crane from 10/6–11/6, Green-
tailed Towhee at Larry Rhoads' feeder from 11/27+ (to Jan. 1995
at least). And a LeConte's Sparrow on 11/3 only. Hundreds of
birders got to see the crane and towhee. Both Sandhill Crane and
LeConte's Sparrow were found by John Puschock. 4 Red-throated
and 150+ Common loons flew by the Militia Hill Hawkwatch 11/24
(MK). Details of the hawk watch elsewhere. Green Lane Res. hosted
12 Black Scoter on 11/11. Winter Wren were located by 3
different parties this quarter. Along with the Green-tailed Towhee,
Rhoads' backyard boasted Palm Warbler and Savannah Sparrow
as late as 12/31. Purple Finch almost escaped detection this
quarter — what has happened to this species?
Northampton County
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 226 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
2 Double-crested Corm orant were at Martins Cr. (MC)
12/31 (DD,AK,RW ), the latest local record by 7 weeks! Over 500 Am .
Black Duck and 13 N. Pintail were at MC 12/31 and a % Surf
Scoter at Minsi L. 12/30-31 was a 1st Co. record (ph.RW ).
Blue Jays at Jacobsburg SP can do excellent Broad-winged
Hawk imitations, so beware of late Broad-wing reports! The dark
morph Red-tailed Hawk was seen near Foul Rift 12/31 (DD,RW ).
W hile cleaning Am. Kestrel boxes RW discovered one box littered
with grasshopper legs and another with cicada wings. Boyce had 2
late Merlin sightings off the ridge: 1 near a flock of House
Sparrow at Nazareth 11/25 (ph.) and 1 chasing wcsp at Foul Rift
12/11.
A Sandhill Crane at Hartzells Ferry in mid-Oct. was a 1st
Co. record (m.ob.,ph.RW ). Boyce and Wiltraut heard a Ruffed
Grouse drum ming while owling along Blue Mt. 12/18 and were
surprised to see a Barred Owl hunting a roadside bordered by open
fields near Hartzells Ferry 12/31. An E. Phoebe was seen on the
Bethlehem/Easton CBC 12/31. No Carolina Wren was seen on the
W ild Creek/Little Gap CBC. On 10/16, RW heard a Winter Wren
at Nazareth giving a call that he's only heard from the Pacific Coast
race. More than the usual number of Ruby-crowned Kinglet
lingered into late Dec. (RW ). An Orange-crowned Warbler was
at Jacobsburg 10/9 (DM) and a C. Yellowthroat was seen on the
B/ECBC (AK). Sgts from the Koch residence included: 1 Dickcissel
10/6; a % Yellow-headed Blackbird 11/6; and a late N. Oriole
12/28,29. Lincoln's Sparrow were regularly seen at Nazareth in
early Oct. (RW ).
Philadelphia County
At least 10 Great Corm orant take up residence on the
Delaware R. in Oct/Nov., while 200+ Double-crested Cormorant
lingered through Dec. (JCM). Two ad. and 2 im m . Snow Geese
were in Roosevelt Park 12/17 (KR). Not far away at Tinicum (TN),
NP counted 500+ Green-winged Teal on 11/2; 3 Gadwall, never
common, were here 12/7 (SC,RM) and 1 on 12/28 (TR).
Osprey were seen fishing in Wissahickon Cr. 10/22–11/8
(JMc,AT). Four separate sightings of Red-shouldered Hawk
11/7–12/1 (SL,EB) from W. Mt. Airy (W MA) and Roxborough (RX)
sections. The Peregrine Falcon pair at the Girard Pt. Bridge was
seen all quarter (JCM). In the far northern section of Pennypack
Park, Wild Turkey were noted 10/19–11/3. As many as 19 are now
in this flock. C. Moorhen lingered until 12/17 at the sewage ponds
and 100+ Am. Coot at TN 11/2 was a nice count (NP). A 1000+
Laughing Gull were at Ft. Mifflin (FM) in Oct. (JCM).
The W yncote CBC 12/17 produced 36 Red-bellied
Woodpecker in the WC area. Also found were 4 Pileated , but only
3 Red-breasted Nuthatch, indicating a non-invasion year (MS
compiler). Carolina Wren numbered 31 for the CBC. Other reports
suggest some recovery after last winter's devastating ice storms.
Winter Wren, however, made a good showing, with 10 at TN 12/17
(SC,RM). A late N. Parula, 10/9, at TN (KS) was noteworthy, as
were a Scarlet Tanager 10/2 at Carpenters Woods and a Rose-
breasted Grosbeak in WMA 10/1 (SL).
JCM noted 25+ White-crowned Sparrow at Ft. Mifflin in
Oct., a very high count. A 100+ Snow Bunting were on the airport
grounds in Dec (JCM). Increasingly hard to find E. Meadowlark
were in RX 12/29 (CM). A good flight of 50+ Rusty Blackbird at
TN 10/15 (DM) and 11/2 (NP) noted a good season, but JCM's 70+
at FM in Nov/Dec was the peak.
Most noteworthy was a well-described Clay-colored
Sparrow in RX 10/1 (FU). This is our 7th record and the earliest
fall date; prior early fall date was 10/13/45.
Potter County
A Short-eared Owl thought to be dead was picked up by a
hunter and turned over to the local Game Protector, Bill Ragosta,
was possibly a 1st Co. record. W hen the box was opened it flew
away!
Schuylkill County
A mild fall produced lower than usual numbers of mirants
overall. Weidensaul reported 2 separate Snow Geese with Canada
flocks in Wayne Twp.
A late sighting of 2 Black Vulture in Port Clinton 12/25,26
(KG). An imm. N. Goshawk was seen 11/29 (SW ). A late migrant
Merlin was seen near New Ringgold 11/8 (LG). A pair of C. Raven
was found away from the Kittatinny ridge in a wooded area n. of the
mountains 11/26–12/10 (SW ).
Somerset County
L. Somerset finally reached full pool 12/9 following the fish
management drawdown of last winter. poor waterfowl brood usage
and lack of early fall migration staging resulted from the disruption
of the aquatic food chain caused by the drawdown. Hope for an
increase of waterfowl feeding as millet and smartweed beds flooded
failed to develp as shoreline ice cover locked this source under the
ice. In late Nov. a Mallard roost developed mid-lake die to mild
temperatures delaying freeze-up of the deeper water. The roosting
effort continued with my mid-Nov. estimate of ±200 Mallard
increasing to ±500 by mid-Dec. These birds generally arrived after
dusk and could be seen in the beam of car headlights at 0500 from
the boat launch. The flock would leave ±1 hr. before sunrise and fly
to feed in cornfields w. of Somerset through the day (TM).
A beaver dam in the headwaters of Middle Cr. was used as an
evening roost during migration staging in mid-Oct. with high counts
between 10/9–14 of 206 Mallard, 66 Wood Duck, 2 Am. Black
Duck , 2 teal, 3 C. Snipe, and a Great Blue Heron (TM).
Had a second-hand report of a Peregrine Falcon in
Hooversville (RS). Received a report of 3 Trum peter Swan the end
of Oct. (no details–eds.). Hard to believe the near-absence of Red-
breasted Merganser. There was a report of 500-600 Tundra
Swan at Quemahoning Dam in mid-Nov. Raptors were still
migrating along Shaffer Ridge after the hawkwatch closed (SB).
Sullivan County
Had expected to find more "half-hardy" species lingering due
to mild weather, but was not the case. They certainly were not at
feeders, with even common species not coming for free hand-outs
until cold weather arrived at the very end of the quarter. Waterfowl
flight was very poor throughout. Mild weather may have "kept them
flying" and not forced any large numbers or species down onto area
lakes, which froze over by end of Nov.
Two E. Phoebe near Hillsgrove 12/9 were late (DL), as were
scattered reports of E. Bluebird in small groups. Northern finches
were in very limited nnumber and as of end of quarter did not seem
to indicate an invasion year. Only one small flock of Pine Siskin on
11/27 (eating road salt) near Hillsgrove and 1 Snow Bunting at
Eagles Mere 11/14 were noted.
Tioga County
A "pink-sided" Dark-eyed Junco was seen at Jobs Corners
on 12/9 and 12/30 (LAB).
Venango County
Overall, it was slow. Pied-billed Grebe were one of the few
common waterbirds. At least 7 indiv. were seen in two locations.
Horned Grebe, however, had only one observation of 1 indiv. Only
14 Tundra Swan; must have just flown past. First C. Goldeneye
wasn't until 12/3 at which time we had 3; this is a month later than
usual. No scaup. Only 1 Ring-necked Duck. There were 8 Surf
Scoter on Kahle L. in Oct. and 1 at Two Mile Run L. for a week in
Dec. For whatever reason Venango was not the duck resort this fall.
No shorebirds, probably due to the heavy rains in late sum mer
which wiped out what little shorebird habitat we had.
Herring Gull is becoming common; not too long ago it was a
new Co. bird. Finally, Short-eared Owl appeared: 1 at Kahle L.
and 5 at Barkeyville. A N. Saw-whet Owl, 1st record in 7 years,
was in the French Cr. area 12/29. Black-throated Blue Warbler
was here a week later than usual. First Am. Tree Sparrow were
about a month late and in low numbers. Most of the sparrows left
on time or early. One Rusty Blackbird report.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 227 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Warren County
There was a C. Loon at the Seneca Pumped Storage Res.
(SPSR) 12/3 (TG). 31 Tundra Swan flew over the Allegheny Res.
12/12 (KC), and about 200 over Sheffield 12/20 (DW ). 26 Am. Black
Duck and 9 C. Merganser were also at SPSR 12/3.
Up to 4 Bald Eagle have been in the Warren-Kinzua Dam
area. At least 4 different N. Harrier have been seen in the NW
Warren since 11/19 (BHg,JS,BDW ). A N. Goshawk was near
Tidioute 11/10 (JK). Two and possibly a third white Red-tailed
Hawk were here during the quarter. One near Columbus (BM,MB)
is pure white except for dark eyes and seen all quarter. Another in
W arren along the by-pass since mid-Nov. (MTT), and a third seen
once along the reservoir (MB). The first Rough-legged Hawk was
seen 10/15 at Bear L. (KC), and 3 others in Dec. in NW Warren
(BHg,JS). A Golden Eagle was at Kinzua Dam 10/12 (JL).
C. Raven are becoming bolder and wandering farther toward
the northwest. They have been seen or heard on the edge of Warren
on 3 occasions (TG,BHg), and 2 n.w. of Tidioute 11/10 (JK).
A N. Mockingbird was in Warren 12/7 (BHl). 3 N. Shrike
were seen since 12/13 (BHg,DW ,JS,BW ). The first Snow Bunting
was reported 11/10 near Tidioute (JK).
Westmoreland County
A Black Tern lingered at Donegal L. through 10/2 when it
was believed to have been killed by a Peregrine Falcon (fide EW ).
Four Orange-crowned Warbler were banded at Powdermill
Nature Reserve between 10/9–14, including a brightly colored ad. %
identified as belonging to the western ssp. V. c. orestera, which has
very rarely been recorded in the East. An Oregon Junce was
banded at PNR 10/26.
Wyoming County
Am. Coot were far more common this year than ever before;
43 on 11/2 is unprecedented.
The only report of Evening Grosbeak anywhere in NE Pa.
(as far as I know) was of 4 birds at Stevens L. 10/8. Were these
wandering birds, or is it possible that they were from those that
nested this year on Dutch Mt. in Wyoming? I returned to Stevens L.
2 or 3 times in the next few days but could not find them again.
York County
There were 28 (considered wild) Wood Duck on Bill Sell's
pond near Codorus SP (CSP) 12/17. A & Ruby-throated
Hummingbird was at a drip pool near W rightsville 10/4 (JLD). On
an 11/20 CSP survey a Solitary Sandpiper was well out of season.
Also found were 2 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.
A 100 Horned Lark near Hanover was an excellent number
(KL et al.). A rare, for us, Marsh Wren was seen along Gut Rd
10/10 (JJP). A Wood Thrush was seen and heard at CSP 11/15
(PR).
There were 13 spp. of warbler actually seen in Oct. The latest
a N. Parula 10/17. Three locations, basically Gut Rd, Wrightsville,
and Spring Valley County Park, produced most of them. Some
extended into periods of being rare. A Connecticut Warbler
seemed to be the best find. A dead & or imm. Dickcissel was found
along Pinetown Rd ± 10/20 (JP). Only 1 C. Grackle and 7 Brown-
headed Cowbird were seen on the CBC, yet there were 25 Rusty
and 90 Red-winged blackbirds, the latter were all && or imm..
COMPILERS AND OBSERVERS
ALLEGHENY: Ted Floyd, Pesticide Res. Lab., PSU,
University Park 16802 (814-865-1024), Paul Brown, Ron Byrom,
Mike Fialkovich, Mary Floyd (MFl), Richard Floyd, Cheryl
Gearhart, Dan Gearhart, Jim Gray, W alter Hammond, Deborah &
Paul Hess, Joan Knudson, John Roell, Chuck Tague, Jim Valimont,
Suzanne Varley, Joseph Zurovchak.
ARMSTRONG: Margaret and Roger Higbee, RR 2 Box
166, Indiana 15701 (412-354-3493), Bill Betts, Joyce Bichsel,
Millie Bichsel, Lee Carnahan, Marcy Cunkelm an, Carol Guba,
Nancy Karp, Pat kline, Pat Rawls, Mary Jo Valasek, Linda Wagner,
Gloria Winger.
BEDFORD: Janet Shaffer, RR 6 Box 338, Bedford 15522
(814-356-3553), Clyde & Rosie McGinnett, Donna Housel, Laura &
Michael Jackson, John Shaffer.
BERKS: Rudy Keller, RR 4 Box 235, Boyertown 19512
(215-367-9376), Bill Barber, Mike Fialkovich, Kerry Grim, John
Hobdell, Jason Horn, Anna Kendall, Dean Kendall, Ken Lebo, Bob
& Joan Silagy, Ernest Schiefer, Steve Shipe, Matt Spence, Jim
Valimont, matt Wlasniewski, Sue Wolfe, HMS Staff/vols.
BLAIR: Stan Kotala, RD 3 Box 866, Altoona 16601 (814-
946-8840), Marcia Bonta.
BRADFORD: Bill Reid, 73 W Ross St, Wilkes-Barre
18702 (717-836-2734), Elizabeth Beebe, Dan Brauning, Mark
Blauer, Trudy Gerlach, Alan Gregory, Doug Gross, Robert Houck,
Jim Hoyson, Edwin Johnson, Bob Sagar, Ronald Young.
BUCKS: Ken Kitson, 704 Headquarters Rd, Ottsville
18942 (610847-2968), Steve Allison, Ian Baldoch, S. Blank, Garry
& Karen Campbell, Steve Farbotnik, Ron French, Bob Friedermann,
Roy Frock (RFk), Bill Hoehne, George Hoffman, Don McClintock,
Bruce McNaught, Bob Mercer, August Mirabella, Don Parlee, Ken
Reiker, Hart Rufe, Tom Wartenberger.
BUTLER: Paul Hess, 1412 Hawthorne St, Natrona
Heights 15065 (412-226-2323), Helen Beck, Suzanne Butcher,
Ruth Crawford, Barb & George Dean, Helen Ferguson, Mike
Fialkovich, Marguerite Geibel, Deborah Hess, Joyce Hoffmann,
Mark Krenitsky, Carroll Labarthe, Fred Lochner, George Reese,
Jack Solom on, Betty Starr, Sue Sterritt, Randy Stringer, Jim
Valimont, Ned Weston, Gene Wilhelm, Joanne Wilhelm, Joseph
Zurovchak.
CAMBRIA: Gloria Lamer, RR 1 Box 183D, Penn Run
15765 (412-349-1159), Georgette Syster, RR 1 Box 183C, Penn
Run 15765 (412-349-6293), Dick Byers, Greg Cook, Dave Gobert,
Clay Lamer, John Salvetti.
CARBON: Bernie L. Morris, 4324 Glenwood Dr, Em maus
18049 (610-967-0257), Nancy & John Boyer.
CHESTER: Barry Blust, 21 Rabbit Run Ln, Glenmoore
19343 (610-458-5616), Tony Fernandes, John Ginaven, Beryl
Hurlock, Phyllis Hurlock, Herb Houston, Larry Lewis, John
McNamara, Grier Saunders, Bob Schutsky, EarlyBird Nature
Tours, West Chester Bird Club.
CLARION: Margaret Buckwalter, RR 2 Box 26,
Shippenville 16254 (814-782-3925), Fred Crowley, John Fedak,
W alt Fye, Janice Horn, Mike Leahy.
CLINTON: Glenna & Paul Schwalbe, 546 W ilson St,
Jersey Shore 17740 (717-398-4514), Mike Croll, Harry
Henderson.
CRAWFORD: Ronald F. Leberman, RD 1, Meadville
16335 (814-724-5071), Jim Barker, Ron Harrell, Robert C.
Leberman, Shirley McCarl.
CUMBERLAND: Deuane Hoffman, 3406 Montour St,
Harrisburg 17111 (717-564-7475), Don & Robyn Henise.
D A U PH IN : D ick W illiam s, 3 Parkside A ve ,
Hummelstown 17036 (717-566-6562), Jane Barnette, S. Bernardi,
Scott Bills, Ed Chubb, Joe Church, Nancy Cladel, Bernie Crist, John
Dernbach, Laura & Dick Franz, Barb Huffman, Vivian Johns, Mark
McConaughy, Al Knoche, Betty Ott, Grace Randolph, Sharon &
Steve Rannels, Joan Renninger, Pat Williams.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 228 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
DELAWARE: Al Guarente, 421 S Old Middletown Rd,
Media 19063 (215-566-8266), Bob Bodine, Skip Conant, Wes
Doughty, John Freiberg, Frank Hohenleitner, Evelyn Kopf, Helen
McWilliam s, John Miller, Robert Miller, Nick Pulcinella, Tom
Reeves, Bill Stocku.
ELK: Linda Christenson, 602 Sunset Rd, St. Marys
15857 (814-781-3156), David Sorg, David Wolfe.
ERIE: Jerry McWilliams, 3508 Allegheny Rd, Erie 16508
(814-868-3059), Louise Chambers, Dave Darney, James Hill, Ed
Kwater, Linda McWilliam s, Geoff Robinson, Ruth Swaney.
FAYETTE: Mike Fialkovich, 141 Comrie Ave, Braddock
15104, Dave Darney, Eric Hall, Dana & Walt Shaffer.
FRANKLIN: Don & Robyn Henise, 763 Greenspring Rd,
Newville 17241 (717-775-6550).
GREENE: Ralph Bell, RR 1 Box 229, Clarksville 15322
(412-883-4505).
HUNTINGDON: Greg Grove, RR1 Box 483, Petersburg
16669 (814-667-2305), Margaret Brittingham , Deb Grove, Dave
Kyler, Phil Lukish, Mike McCarthy, Chuck Yohn.
INDIANA: Margaret and Roger Higbee, RR 2 Box 166,
Indiana 15701 (412-354-3493), Henry & Marge Bakkila, Alice
Beatty, Don Beck, Bill Betts, Tom Betts, Joyce Bichsel, Millie
Bichsel, Jean Bobella, Dick Byers, Carol Calloway, Lee Carnahan,
Greg Cook, Marcy Cunkelman, Betsy Fetterman, Gene Flament &
Nancy Flament, Phyllis Flasher, David Foltz, Don Grew, Randi &
Sarah Gerrish, Carol Guba, Charlie Hertz, Hugh Johnston, Nacy
Karp, Mark Krenitsky, Caly & Gloria Lam er, Carol & Fred
McCullough, Flo McGuire, Frances Michny, Toni Mirilovich,
Marilyn Moore, Pat Rawls, Bill Rushin, John Salvetti, Mary Jane
Seipler, Nancy Smeltzer, Harvey & Shirley Spindle, Mark
Strittmatter, Georgette Syster, Joe Taylor, John Taylor, Linda
W agner, Joe Walko, Jane & Paul Wunz.
JUNIATA: Deuane Hoffman, 3406 Montour St,
Harrisburg 17111 (717-564-7475), Gloria Bickel, Margaret Knepp,
Aden Troyer, Linda Whitesel.
LANCASTER: Jonathan Heller, 194 Newcomer Rd,
Mount Joy 17552 (717-653-5541), Jerry Book, Bruce Carl, Larry
Coble, Tom Garner, Mike Gockley, Dan Heathcote, Keith Leidich,
Larry Lewis, Ann Mease, Randy Miller, Bob Schutsky, Eric Witmer,
Pamela W oodman, Al Zaid, EarlyBird Nature Tours.
LAWRENCE: Suzanne Butcher, 11 Norwick Dr,
Youngstown, OH 44505 (216-759-1945), Barb & George Dean,
Shirley McCarl, Rosie Noll, Nancy Rodgers, Bob Walczak.
LEBANON: Randy Miller, 607 Woodland Dr, Mannheim
17545 (717-664-3778).
LEHIGH: Bernie L. Morris, 4324 Glenwood Dr, Em maus
18049 (610-967-0257), Fritz Brock, Nancy & John Boyer, Jason
Horn, Alan Jennings, Arlene Koch, Ed Miller, Pauline Morris,
Kathy Siem inski.
LUZERNE: Bill Reid, 73 W Ross St, Wilkes-Barre 18702
(717-836-2734), Sandy Goodwin, Alan Gregory, Doug Gross, Jim
Hoyson, Edwin Johnson, Dave Koval, Rick Koval, Jim Shoemaker.
LYCOMING: Wesley Egli, PO Box 381, Picture Rocks
17762 (717-584-3083), Dan Brauning, Glenna & Paul Schwalbe,
Stan Stahl.
MERCER: Marty McKay, 2320 Valley View Rd,
Sharpsville 16150 (412-962-7476), Harriett Bauer, Shirley
McCarl, Randy Stringer, Loraine Weiland.
MIFFLIN: Margaret Kenepp, RR 2 Box 343, McVeytown
17051 (717-899-6252), Gloria Bickel, Greg Grove, Ron Singer.
MONTGOMERY: Gary L. Freed, 1132 Walters Rd,
Pennsburg 18073 (215-679-8536), Kevin Crilley, George
Franchois, Ron Grubb, Marylea Klauder, Bill & Naom i Murphy,
John Puschock, Larry Rhoads.
MONTOUR: Dan Brauning, RR 2 Box 484, Montgom ery
17752 (717-547-6938), Ron Beach, Jon Beam, Christine Smull,
Dave Unger.
NORTHAMPTON: Rick Wiltraut, 223 Lincoln Ave,
Nazareth 18064 (215-759-5184), Steve Boyce, Dave DeReamus,
Arlene Koch, Dennis Miller.
PERRY: Deuane Hoffman, 3406 Montour St, Harrisburg
17111 (717-564-7475), Dick Colyer.
PHILADELPHIA: Edward Fingerhood, 70205 Delaire
Landing Rd, Philadelphia 19114 (215-637-2741), Erica Brendel,
Skip Conant, Al Guarente, Lori Hayes, Cliff Hence, Steve Lawrence,
Chris McCabe, Doris McGovern, Rob Megraw, Jim McKinney, John
C. Miller, N ick Pulcinella, Tom Reeves, Keith Russell, Kate
Somerville, Judy Stepanaski, Fred Ulmer, Al Zaid.
POTTER: Dave Hauber, RR 2 Box 153, Coudersport
16915 (814-2748946), Elnora Burrows, Pat Chap, Ken Comstock,
Betty Devling, Mary Devling, Larry M ehal, Jack Mitterer, Bill
Ragosta, Kirk Newton.
SCHUYLKILL: Laurie Goodrich, Doug Wood, c/o Hawk
Mt. Sanctuary, Kerry Grim, Jane Tamulonis, Scott Weidensaul.
SOMERSET: Scott Bastian, 102 Harding St, Kittanning
16201 (412-543-5427), Jill Bastian, Tom Dick, Tony Marich, Jeff
Payne, Ruth Sager.
SULLIVAN: Nick Kerlin, PO Box 62, Forksville 18616
(717-92224-3542), Fred Crafts, Suzanne Kaier, Ann Leach, Donna
Long, Mike Norris, Mary Lou Shaffer.
TIOGA: Bob Ross, RR 2 Box 113A, Wellsboro 16901 (717-
376-5394), Larry & Arlene Brown, Austin Brown.
VENANGO: Russ States, 24 E 5th St, Oil City 16301 (814-
676-6320), Gary Edwards, 450 Stevens Dr, Apt 304, Pittsburgh
15237 (412-931-4379), Kathie Goodblood, Alice Morrison, Jerry
Stanley, Carolyn W orley.
WARREN: Ted Grisez, 10 Belmont Dr, W arren 16365
(814-723-9464), Mike Bleech, Keith Confer, Bill Highhouse (BHg),
Bill Hill (BHl), Jim Morrison, Jim King, John Leunsman, John
Schultz, Mike & Tina Toole, Brenda Watts, Don Watts.
WESTMORELAND: Robert C. Leberman, Powdermill
Nature Reserve, HC 64 Box 453, Rector 15677 (412-593-7521),
Dick Byers, Bob Mulvihill, Helen Schm idt, Bob Shaw, Tim Vechter,
Mike & Evaleen Watko.
WYOMING: Bill Reid, 73 W Ross St, Wilkes-Barre 18702
(717-836-2734), Dave Koval, Rick Koval, Eric Stull.
YORK: Al Spiese, 4086 Old Orchard Rd, York 17402 (717-
755-8309), James Beath, Julia Contino, Ann Curtain, Sam Couch,
Bill DelGrande, Jack & Lil Downs, Dorothy Dressler, Jerry Dyer,
Dick Humbert, Candy Krenzer, Dave Kubitsky, Charles Latterman,
Karen Lippy, Calvin Orvis, Peter Robinson, John & Jean Prescott,
Rusty Ryan, Jeff Wentz.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 229 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
Rare and Unusual Bird Reports(Species not expected or reported in five or fewer counties this period)
Rare and unusual sightings will be reviewed by theP.O.R.C.
Eared Grebe - Chester: 1 from 10/11-14 at HoneybrookSewage Ponds (Larry Lewis & photo); Erie: 1 on 10/27to 11/5 at Presque Isle S.P. (Jerry McWilliams).
Great Cormorant - Bucks: 2 on 12/17 on the So. BucksCBC (Bob Mercer); Delaware: 4 on 12/17 on theDelaware R. (Bill Stocku); Lancaster: 1 ad. flew pastthe Conejohela Flats 10/16, and another observed onthe Conowingo Pond 11/20 (EBNT).
American Bittern - Bucks: 1 on 10/21 at New Hope (BillHoehne); Cumberland: 1 on 10/9 at Kuhn L. (Don &Robyn Henise); Indiana: 1 on 11/14 at Yellow CreekS.P. (Gloria Lamer); Potter: 1 on 10/8 at LehmanHollow (Larry Mehal).
Snowy Egret - Bucks: Last seen 10/8 at Peace Valley Park(August Mirabella); Delaware: Present for part of thequarter; Lancaster: Last seen on 10/1 at Middle CreekWMA (Pamela Woodman).
Little Blue Heron - 1 on 10/11 at Embreeville CountyPark (John McNamara); York: Last seen 10/6.
Cattle Egret - Lancaster: 1 on 10/25 at Washington Boro(EBNT).
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron - York: Last seen 10/8.Trumpeter Swan - Somerset: 3 on 10/30 at Quemahoning
Dam were probably from the re-introduction programin the upper midwest and Canada (Mike & EvaleenWatko).
Greater White-fronted Goose - Bucks: 1 present from10/23 on at Peace Valley Park (Ken Reiker).
Ross' Goose - Lancaster: First discovered at Octoraro L. onthe Solanco CBC 12/18 (LL), it stayed with thethousands of Snow Geese well into Jan.
Eurasian Green-winged Teal - Bucks: 1 on 11/13 atChalfont (Ron French).
Cinnamon Teal - Lancaster: On 11/25 Al Zaid found a % atOctoraro L. The word quickly spread and m.ob. saw ituntil 11/27. According to Leidich the % was travelingwith a & Cinnamon/Blue-winged Teal. No positive IDwas made on the &. No confirmed sightings exist past11/27. This sighting represented the 1st confirmed Co.record and only the 6th or 7th state record.
Eurasian Wigeon - Lancaster: A % and & on a pond onPrawl's Hollow Rd and a % at Octoraro L. All on theSolanco CBC 12/17.
Sora - Crawford: 1 on 10/30 at Conneaut Marsh (RonLeberman); Lancaster: 1 on 10/1 at Washington Boro(EBNT); Montgomery: 1 on 10/8 at Green Lane Res.(John Puschack).
Common Moorhen - Cumberland: 1 on 11/17 at BigSpring Fish & Game Club (Deaune Hoffman);Delaware: 1 on 12/17 at Tinicum (John Miller);Philadelphia: Up to 40 at Fort Mifflin in October(John Miller) and 1 on 12/17 at the Sewage Ponds(Nick Pulcinella).
Sandhill Crane - Indiana: 1 on 10/25 at Yellow Creek S.P.(Margaret Higbee, Gloria Lamer, John Salvetti, Linda
Wagner); Lancaster: Sightings were plentiful in andaround Washington Boro, but apparently onlyrepresented 1 or 2 birds.; Lawrence: the five craneswere last seen 12/14 (Nancy Rodgers); Montgomery: 1present from 10/6 to 11/6 at Green Lane Res. (JohnPuschack & photo); Northampton: 1 on 10/13-15 nearHartzells Ferry was a first county record (m.ob. &photo).
Black-bellied Plover - Erie: Last seen 11/12 at PresqueIsle S.P. (Jerry McWilliams); Lancaster: Last seen10/26 at Washington Boro (EBNT); York: Present intoOctober.
American Golden Plover - Cumberland: 3 on 10/4 atMud Level Rd (Deuane Hoffman); Erie: 1 on 10/1 and10/31 at Presque Isle S.P. (Jerry McWilliams);Lancaster: Last seen 10/22 at Washington Boro(Pamela Woodman); Somerset: 1 on 10/2 at the GarretMudflats (Scott Bastian).
Semipalmated Plover - Cumberland: 1 on 10/9 atStoughstown Rd Pond (Deuane Hoffman); Lancaster:Last seen 10/26 at Washington Boro (Bruce Carl).
Sanderling - Erie: Seen into late Oct. at Presque Isle S.P.(Jerry McWilliams); Lancaster: Last seen 10/10 atWashington Boro (EBNT); York: Last seen 10/10.
Semipalmated Sandpiper - Berks: 1 on 10/2-7 at L.Ontelaunee (Ken Lebo, Matt Spence, MattWlasniewski); Lancaster: Last seen 10/22 atWashington Boro.
Western Sandpiper - Lancaster: 3 on 10/1 at WashingtonBoro (EBNT); Lawrence: 1 on 10/30 at McCreary Rd(Barb Dean, Robert Walczak).
White-rumped Sandpiper - Berks: 1 on 10/11 (Ken Lebo),2 on 10/23 (Matt Wlasniewski), and 1 on 10/24 (JasonHorn), all at L. Ontelaunee; Erie: Last seen 10/30 atPresque Isle S.P. (Jerry McWilliams); Lancaster: Lastseen 10/26 at Washington Boro (EBNT).
Purple Sandpiper - Erie: 1 on 12/1 at Presque Isle S.P.(Jerry McWilliams).
Stilt Sandpiper - Erie: 1 on 10/1 at Presque Isle S.P.(Jerry McWilliams).
Short-billed Dowitcher - Crawford: 1 on 10/1 atPymatuning L. (Ron Leberman); Westmoreland:Present part of the quarter.
Phalarope sp. - Erie: 1 on 10/26 at Presque Isle S.P.(Jerry McWilliams).
Parasitic Jaeger - Erie: November continues to be Jaegermonth at Presque Isle. At least 2 were observed on11/23 in large flocks of gulls (Jerry McWilliams).
Laughing Gull - Delaware: 1 on 10/1 near the airport (AlGuarente); Philadelphia: 1000± on the Delaware Riverinto October (John Miller).
Little Gull - Erie: 5 on 10/18 and 3 on 11/23 at PresqueIsle S.P. (Jerry McWilliams).
Thayer's Gull - Erie: 1 on 12/30 at Presque Isle S.P.(Jerry McWilliams).
Iceland Gull - Berks: 1 on 12/9 (Ken Lebo) 2 on 12/18(Matt Spence) at L. Ontelaunee, 1 at BFI Landfill12/26 (Frank & Barb Haas), and 2 on 12/31 at Carr L.
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 230 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
(Ken Lebo); Lancaster: 1 on 12/18 on the ConowingoPond (Bob Schutsky).
Glaucous Gull - Berks: 1 on 12/26 at Carr L. (Ken Lebo);Bucks: 1 on 11/10 at Peace Valley Park (SteveFarbotnik); Erie: 1 on 12/31 at at Presque Isle S.P.(Jerry McWilliams); Lancaster: 1 on 12/18 on theConowingo Pond (Bob Schutsky) and 1 on 12/19 atMuddy Run (Randy Miller).
Caspian Tern - Perry: 1 on 10/2 (Deuane Hoffman);Philadelphia: at least 6 at Fort Mifflin into October(John Miller).
Common Tern - Erie: 50 on 10/18 at Presque Isle S.P.(Jerry McWilliams); Indiana: 1 on 10/2 at YellowCreek S.P. (Greg Cook).
Black Tern - Westmoreland: 1 on 10/2 at Donegal L. (Mike& Evaleen Watko).
Black-billed Cuckoo - Allegheny: 1 on 10/8 at HarrisonHills Park was late (Paul Hess); Berks: 1 on 10/1 atLeesport (Dean Kendall).
Snowy Owl - Bucks: 1 on 12/13 at Palisades High School(Steve Allison); Crawford: 1 on 12/24 at Woodcock L.(Jim Barker).
Long-eared Owl - Bucks: 2 on 12/17 (So. Bucks CBC);Dauphin: 5 present from 12/17 on at Hershey North(Steve Rannels).
Whip-poor-will - Clarion: 1 on 10/9 near Shippensvillewas calling (Margaret Buckwalter).
Ruby-throated Hummingbird - York: 1 on 10/4 atWrightsville was late (Jack & Lil Downs).
Eastern Wood Pewee - Berks: 1 on 10/7 at Hawk Mt.;Erie: 1 on 10/1 at Presque Isle S.P. (JerryMcWilliams); York: 1 on 10/16 at Codorus Furnacewas very late (Jack & Lil Downs).
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher - Westmoreland: 1 banded10/20 at Powdermill Natrure Reserve (Bob Leberman,Bob Mulvihill).
Great Crested Flycatcher - Erie: 1 on 10/3 at PresqueIsle S.P. (Jerry McWilliams).
Western Kingbird - Lancaster: Gockley et al. watched 1for about 20 min. as it perched in a tree along thecauseway of the Muddy Run Pumped Storage Area onthe afternoon of 12/18 (Solanco CBC). A 2nd Co.record.
Northern Rough-winged Swallow - Montgomery: 1 on10/5 at Green Lane Res. (George Franchois).
Bank Swallow - Lancaster: 8 on 10/1 at Washington Boro(Jonathan Heller); York: Up to 10/9.
Cliff Swallow - Lancaster: 6 on 10/1 at Washington Boro(Jonathan Heller).
Northern Shrike - Clarion: 1 from 12/17 to 12/29 nearShippensville (Janice Horn, et al.); Crawford: 1 on12/18 at Pymatuning L. (Margaret Moser) and 1 12/26at Hartstown Marsh (Ron & Bob Leberman); Erie: 1on 10/15 (Jerry McWilliams) and 1 on 12/11 (EdKwater, Dave Darney), both at Presque Isle S.P.;Potter: 1 present from 12/20 on at Corbett (ElnoraBurrows); Warren: 3 seen since 12/13 (Bill Highhouse,Don Watts, John Schultz, BrendaWatts).
Loggerhead Shrike - Crawford: 1 on 12/17 at ConneautMarsh was latest date for the county (Ron & BobLeberman).
White-eyed Vireo - Bucks: 1 on 10/15 at Peace Valley
Park (Ron French).Yellow-throated Vireo - Indiana: 1 on 10/17 at
Clarksburg was late (Marcy Cunkelman); Luzerne: 1on 10/2 at Plains.
Warbling Vireo - Clarion: 1 banded on 10/2 at WentlingsCorners (Walter Fye); Erie: last seen 10/7 at PresqueIsle S.P. (Geoff Robinson).
Philadelphia Vireo - Bucks: 1 on 10/7 at Peace ValleyPark (Rick Myers); Westmoreland: 1 banded on 10/6 atPowdermill Nature Reserve (Bob Leberman, BobMulvihill).
Yellow Warbler - Centre: 1 on 10/1 at Bald Eagle S.P. wasidentified as the Alaskan race (rubiginosa) (StevenFeldstein); Delaware: 1 on 10/1 at the airport (Al Gua-rente); Lancaster: 1 on 10/29 was late (Tom Garner).
Chestnut-sided Warbler - Berks: 1 on 10/13 at Leesport(Dean Kendall); Dauphin: 1 on 10/3 at Hershey North(Nancy Cladel); Delaware: 1 on 10/4 at Ridley CreekS.P. (Nick Pulcinella).
Blackburnian Warbler - Berks: 1 on 10/5 at Hawk Mt.;Dauphin: 1 on 10/16 at Blue Mt. (Mark McConaughy);Lancaster: 1 on 10/1 at Middle Creek WMA (PamelaWoodman).
Yellow-throated Warbler - Cumberland: 1 on 12/31 wasvery late (Ramsay Koury).
Prairie Warbler - Bedford: 3 on 10/2 at Beldon (Clyde &Rosie McGinnett); Bucks: 1 on 10/16 at Kintnersville(Bob Friedermann); Montour: 1 on 10/11 at MontourPreserve (Christine Smull); Wyoming: 1 on 12/18 atMehoopany was very late (Rick & Dave Koval, EricSmull).
Bay-breasted Warbler - Lehigh: 1 on 10/14 nearAllentown (Nancy & John Boyer); Perry: 2 on 10/2 atMillers Gap (Dick Colyer, Deuane Hoffman); York: 1on 10/13 at Gut Rd was late (Al Spiese).
Black-and-white Warbler - Delaware: 1 on 10/2 at theDarlington Tract (Al Guarente); Lancaster: 1 on 10/1(Tom Garner); Perry: 4 on 10/2 at Millers Gap (DickColyer, Deuane Hoffman); York: 1 on 10/14 atWrightsville was late (Jack & Lil Downs).
Worm-eating Warbler - Blair: 1 on 10/4 at BrushMountain (Marcia Bonta).
Northern Waterthrush - Westmoreland: 1 banded on 10/5at Powdermill Nature Reserve (Bob Leberman, BobMulvihill).
Connecticut Warbler - Bucks: 1 on 10/6-7 at Chalfont(Ron French); York: 1 on 10/11 at Wrightsville waslate (Jack & Lil Downs).
Mourning Warbler - Bucks: 1 on 10/2 at Peace ValleyPark (Steve Farbotnik).
Hooded Warbler - Butler: 1 on 10/1 at Todd Sanctuary(Mike Fialkovich); Westmoreland: 1 banded on 10/1 atPowdermill Nature Reserve (Bob Leberman, BobMulvihill).
Wilson's Warbler - Berks: 1 on 10/1 at Leesport (DeanKendall); Westmoreland: 1 banded on 10/2 atPowdermill Nature Reserve (Bob Leberman, BobMulvihill).
Canada Warbler - Berks: 1 on 10/6 at Hawk Mountain;Delaware: 1 on 10/12 at Tyler Arboretum (TomReeves).
Yellow-breasted Chat - Bucks: 1 on 10/7 at Kintnersville
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 231 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
(Bob Friedermann).Blue Grosbeak - Delaware: 3 on 10/2 at the Darlington
Tract (Al Guarente)Dickcissel - Franklin: 1 on 12/17 on the CBC; Lancaster:
First found 12/26 (Bob Schutsky), this & remained atthe intersection of Furniss & Tanyard Hollow rds. intoJan. Because of its extreme elusiveness only a luckyfew were able to find it.; Northampton: 1 on 10/6 atWilliams Twp (Arlene Koch).
Green-tailed Towhee - Montgomery: 1 found on 11/27 atthe home of Larry Rhoads near Green Lane Res. isonly the 2nd state record (Larry Rhoads). The birdwas still there in late February.
Lark Sparrow - Bucks: 1 on 10/1 at Kintnersvilleunfortunately did not stay around (Bob Friederman).
Grasshopper Sparrow - Montgomery: 1 on 10/7 at GreenLane Res. (John Puschack); Perry: 1 on 10/1 atAndersons Marsh (Dick Colyer, Deuane Hoffman).
LeConte's Sparrow - Montgomery: 1 on 11/3 at GreenLane Res. was a first county record and the fifthrecord for the state.
Sharp-tailed Sparrow - Lancaster: Present at theConejohela and Bainbridge flats from 10/1–26(EBNT,BC).
Lapland Longspur - Allegheny: 1 on 10/30 at Imperial(Mike Fialkovich, Ted Floyd); Erie: present from 10/1(4) to 12/4 (3) at Presque Isle S.P. (Ed Kwater, JerryMcWilliams); Lancaster: 4 on 11/14 at Mount Joy(Jonathan Heller) and present through the rest of thequarter; Lehigh: present on 12/15 at Alburtis (JasonHorn).
Bobolink - Lancaster: 1 on 11/27 at Washington Boro wasvery late (Tom Garner).
Yellow-headed Blackbird - Chester: 1 on10/29 nearCochranville (Bob Schutsky, Larry Lewis); Lancaster:Although blackbird flocks were largely absent herethis fall, Randy Miller found a % in a flock nearQuarryville for the Solanco CBC 12/18.; Northampton:1 on 11/6 at Williams Twp (Arlene Koch).
Brewer's Blackbird - Lancaster: Leidich reported a singlebird at his feeder in Conestoga for 5 minutes on 12/26.
Northern Oriole - Bucks: 1 on 10/23 at Chalfont (RonFrench); Delaware: 1 on 12/21 at Prospect Park wasvery late (John Miller).; Northampton: 1 on 12/28-29at Williams Twp (Arlene Koch).
Red Crossbill - Lancaster: 1 on 10/30 in Rapho Twp. wasthe only report statewide (Randy Miller).
White-winged Crossbill - Clarion: 1 to 4 on 10/25-26 inNew Bethlehem (John Fedak); Perry: 1 on 12/18(Newville CBC).
Evening Grosbeak - Crawford: 7 on 11/5 at PymatuningL. (Ron Leberman); Wyoming: 4 on 10/8 at Stevens L.(William Reid).
EXOTICS
Common Shelduck - Bucks: 1 on 12/13 at NockamixonS.P. (Steve Farbotnik).
FOURTHANNUAL
NORTH AMERICANMIGRATION
COUNT
SaturdayMay 13, 1995
For the name of your localc o m p i l e r , r e f e r t oPennsylvania Birds ,Volume 8, Number 2,pages 74-75, or contact:
Alan GregoryPO BOX 571
Conyngham PA18219
717-788-1425
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 232 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
County Reports - October through December 1994
HOW TO READ THE TABLES
The species listed in the followingtables represent the "expected" species inmost areas. The following 26 species, perm-anent residents that occur in almost everycounty, are not included.
Ruffed Grouse, Ring-neckedPheasant, Wild Turkey, Rock Dove,Mourning Dove, Eastern Screech andGreat Horned owl, Belted Kingfisher,Red-bellied, Downy, Hairy, andPileated woodpecker, Blue Jay,American Crow, Tufted Titmouse,White-breasted Nuthatch, CarolinaWren, Eastern Bluebird, NorthernMockingbird, Cedar Waxwing,European Starling, Northern Cardinal,Song Sparrow, House Finch, AmericanGoldfinch, and House Sparrow
Not all of the above are "permanentresidents" in the strictest sense. Kingfish-ers, for example, will leave an area if all ofthe open water freezes up. Blue Jays mi-grate, but since Pennsylvania is in thecenter of their summer and winter ranges,they are present year round. Any commentson the above species can be found in eitherthe Summary of the Season or in Notesfrom the Field.
All other reported species can befound in the Rare and Unusual Birds sec-tion.
CODES
The codes used in the tables are asfollows:
A = Present All quarter. This species waspresent from the first day of the quarterthrough the last day of the quarter. Thiscould refer to individual birds or the speciesas a group.
B = Breeds. This species breeds in thiscounty (only listed during breeding season).
P = Present Part of the quarter. Thisspecies was present, but specific dates arenot available.
R = Permanent Resident. This speciesbreeds and is present year round in thiscounty.
L = Late or Low. An L after a date indi-cates an unusually late date. An L after anumber indicates an unusually lownumber.
H = High. An H after a number indicatesan unusually high number.
E = Early. An E after a date indicates anunusually early date.
6 = An arrow before a date indicates thespecies was present from the beginning ofthe quarter to at least that date.
An arrow after a date indicates thespecies was present starting with that dateand through the rest of the quarter.
( ) = Numbers in parentheses indicate highcounts for the season.
* = Something noteworthy. Commentsabout the record may usually be found inthe Notes from the Field section.
sp. = Species unknown, such as Scaup.
A comma between dates indicatesthat the species was not present duringthat interval.
A blank does not necessarily meanthat the species does not occur in thatcounty, just that no reports were receivedby the compiler for that species. Also, ifthere are no B's in a county list, it doesn'tmean that no birds breed in that county. Itjust means the county compiler did notindicate breeding birds in the report.
EXAMPLES:
2/27-3/6(24)-3/30 means the specieswas first reported on 2/27 with a high of 24on 3/6 and last reported on 3/30.
1/6-3/22(250)6 means the species wasfirst reported on 1/6 with a high of 250 on3/22 and present through the rest of thequarter.
61/5,3/156 means the species waspresent up to 1/5 then returned on 3/15 andwas present through the rest of the quarter.
B-5/66 means the species was firstseen on 5/6, breeds in the county, andremained the rest of the quarter.
A-5/6(25) means the species waspresent all quarter with a high of 25 on 5/6.
9/4E means the species was reportedon 9/4 which was early for this county.
1/15-2/26(300H)6 means the specieswas first reported on 1/15, with a highcount of 300 on 2/26 which was unusuallyhigh for this county.
PE
NN
SY
LV
AN
IA B
IRD
S2
33
V
OL
UM
E 8
NO
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CO
UN
TY
RE
PO
RT
S -
OC
TO
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R T
HR
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GH
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MB
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19
94
AL
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GH
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RM
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RO
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DF
OR
DB
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BL
AIR
BR
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FO
RD
BU
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SB
UT
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RC
AM
BR
IAC
HE
ST
ER
CLA
RIO
N
LO
ON
, R
ED
-TH
RO
AT
ED
--
-1
1/1
1(2
)-1
2/1
2-
-1
2/7
--
-1
1/2
-3
C
OM
MO
N-
-1
2/1
51
0/2
-11/1
3(8
3)-
29
--
10
/146
11
/22
(2)-
12/1
7A
-11
/6(5
)1
2/4
(2)6
11
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-12
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GR
EB
E,
PIE
D-B
ILLE
DA
11
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(5)-
12/1
51
0/2
0(2
)6
11
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(19
H)-
12/1
8-
10
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(2)
A1
0/1
5-3
0(1
8)-
11/2
26
11
/5(6
)1
0/2
96
10
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(8)-
12/1
3
H
OR
NE
D-
11
/14
-1
0/2
3(3
)-1
1/7
--
61
2/1
8D
EC
(3)
--
10
/30
(9)-
11/2
8
R
ED
-NE
CK
ED
--
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1/2
(2)-
6-
-1
1/1
0-
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RM
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T, D
OU
BL
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RE
ST
ED
11
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-12
/3(2
)1
1/1
4(2
)-
61
1/1
2(2
)-
-6
11
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2)
-6
11
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)-
12
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HE
RO
N, G
RE
AT
BLU
EA
61
1/1
4(3
)-1
2/1
5-
AA
AA
AA
-11
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)A
61
2/1
7
EG
RE
T,
GR
EA
T-
--
11
/20
--
-6
10
/15
L-
--
HE
RO
N, G
RE
EN
--
--
61
0/1
0-
--
61
0/5
--
NIG
HT
-HE
RO
N, B
LA
CK
-CR
OW
NE
D-
--
11
/16
--
61
0/1
--
--
SW
AN
, T
UN
DR
A1
0/2
0-1
2/1
9(5
0)-
21
--
11
/6-1
2/3
(24
0)6
11
/22
(50
)-
11
/1(4
)-1
2/3
10
/15
E-1
1/1
5(1
50
)-1
21
1/1
-10(4
50)-
12/2
2-
10
/31
(18
)-11
/21
M
UT
E-
--
R(6
)-
-A
-1
1/3
-12/2
2(5
)-
-
GO
OS
E,
SN
OW
--
-1
0/5
(175
±)-
11/2
8-
11
/3-1
2/2
61
0/2
-12/1
7(9
6)6
--
12
/17
(3)
-
C
AN
AD
AA
-10/3
1(8
00
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9(1
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RR
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RR
RA
RR
DU
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, W
OO
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(14
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10
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18
(14
)-11
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5)
A-
R6
10
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(5)
61
0/1
(25)-
20
61
0/2
9(2
)6
10
/5(2
0)-
21
TE
AL
, G
RE
EN
-WIN
GE
DA
-10
/31
(4)
11
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(3)
-6
11
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3)-
12/2
6-
-A
--
--
DU
CK
, A
ME
RIC
AN
BL
AC
KA
-12
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(15
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2/1
3(3
)-
A-
A-1
1/2
2(1
20
)R
10
/15
-12
/17
(4)
11
/15
-12
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(29)
10
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-12
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(2)
-
MA
LL
AR
DR
A-1
2/1
3(2
5)
RR
RR
-11
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(400
)R
RR
RR
PIN
TA
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OR
TH
ER
N-
--
10
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-11
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(30)6
-1
1/2
2-1
2/7
10
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2/1
7(8
)-
--
-
TE
AL,
BLU
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ING
ED
--
-6
10
/2(2
)-
--
--
--
SH
OV
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ER
, N
OR
TH
ER
N-
--
11
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0)6
--
12
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(6)6
--
12
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GA
DW
AL
L1
2/2
6-3
1-
-A
-1
1/2
21
1/66
10
/30
-11
/22
(6)-
24
12
/22
(10
)-
12
/15
WIG
EO
N,
AM
ER
ICA
N1
0/3
16
--
10
/6-1
1/3
0(2
0)6
-1
0/2
8-1
2/8
(2)
10
/21
(9)6
10
/15
(4)-
12/1
71
1/1
2(3
)-
-
CA
NV
AS
BA
CK
--
-1
1/7
-12/6
(14
)6-
12
/71
1/76
12
/17
(2L
)-
--
RE
DH
EA
D-
--
12
/6-1
5-
--
10
/30
-(3
L)-
12
/17
--
10
/21
(2)
DU
CK
, R
ING
-NE
CK
ED
--
-1
0/1
1-1
2/6
(18
0)6
-1
1/2
2(3
)-1
2/7
AN
OV
(2L
)1
0/2
(22)-
12/9
12
/17
(6)
10
/15
SC
AU
P,
GR
EA
TE
R1
2/2
66
--
11
/16
-12
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--
12
/10
--
--
L
ES
SE
R1
1/7
11
/14
-12
/13
-1
0/1
1-1
2/1
8-
-1
0/1
2-1
1/2
61
1/2
2(5
)-1
2/1
71
0/3
--
OL
DS
QU
AW
--
-1
1/1
3(4
)-1
2/2
5-
-1
1/7
-11(6
)-12
/11
12
/17
(2)
12
/17
(3)
--
SC
OT
ER
, B
LA
CK
--
-1
0/2
-11/1
1(6
)-
-1
1/1
1(5
)-
-1
0/1
5-1
1/1
1-
S
UR
F-
--
11
/10
-16
(3)
--
--
-1
0/1
7(8
)-
W
HIT
E-W
ING
ED
--
--
--
11
/16
-17
(6)
12
/17
(3)
--
12
/18
GO
LD
EN
EY
E,
CO
MM
ON
12
/14
-31
(3)
--
11
/7-1
2/8
(5)6
-1
2/7
(2)
12
/9-1
7(5
2)
12
/17
(2L
)1
1/1
7-1
2/2
1(7
)-2
21
1/2
21
2/1
3-1
5
BU
FF
LE
HE
AD
12
/216
11
/14
(5)
-1
0/2
3-1
1/1
0(1
20
)6-
11
/7(1
5)
10
/27
(12
)-12
/17
10
/30
-12
/17
(122
)1
1/5
-7(7
5)-
12
/22
11
/11
(7)6
11
/2(1
4)-
17
ME
RG
AN
SE
R, H
OO
DE
D1
1/2
16
-1
1/1
0(1
3)
11
/7-1
2/1
1(1
5)-
25
-1
0/2
8-1
1/2
2(1
0)6
11
/7(1
00
)6N
OV
-12
/17
(9)
11
/3-1
2/2
2(2
8)
12
/17
(2)
11
/2-1
2/2
C
OM
MO
N-
12
/15
(4)
-1
1/6
-12/1
8(8
2)6
-R
-12
/26
(134
)R
12
/17
(2L
)1
2/2
21
2/2
66
11
/3-1
2/1
8(4
)
R
ED
-BR
EA
ST
ED
--
12
/12
11
/6-1
2/4
(3)
--
11
/11
-1
1/5
(5)
-1
1/2
(2)
DU
CK
, R
UD
DY
10
/29
-31
--
10
/3-1
1/1
2(1
95)-
12/2
6-
10
/28
-11
/9(4
)A
10
/30
-(2
50H
)-1
2/1
71
1/7
-17(2
9)-
12
/21
11
/22
(4)6
11
/2(1
8)-
12/2
VU
LT
UR
E,
BLA
CK
--
-A
-12/1
8(4
5H
)-
-R
--
A-
T
UR
KE
Y6
11/1
3(8
)-11/1
3-
RA
-12/1
8(6
6H
)6
10
/29
61
0/2
8(2
)R
61
0/3
0(6
)-1
2/1
2L
61
0/5
A6
11
/8
OS
PR
EY
--
10
/56
10
/2(1
8)-
12/1
8L
*1
0/3
-11/8
-6
11
/81
0/1
5-1
1/2
4L
61
0/2
51
1/0
4(2
)-
EA
GL
E,
BA
LD
-1
0/1
2-
10
/2(1
0)6
--
AA
10
/26
-1
0/1
3*
HA
RR
IER
, N
OR
TH
ER
NA
11
/12
10
/26
-12
/13
10
/2-1
1/9
(21
)6-
12
/26
(4)
A1
0/2
2-1
2/1
7(2
)A
-11
/5(3
)1
1/4
-12/1
7R
HA
WK
, S
HA
RP
-SH
INN
ED
AA
-10
/1(2
)1
2/3
1(2
)A
-10
/2(3
68
)R
AR
10
/22
-11
/24
R1
0/2
9-1
2/1
7(9
)R
C
OO
PE
R'S
AR
12
/31
(2)
A-1
0/2
(56)
RA
RA
-10
/15
(3)
R1
2/1
7R
GO
SH
AW
K,
NO
RT
HE
RN
--
-1
0/4
-11/2
4(4
)-12
/19
R-
10
/2-1
2-
--
-
HA
WK
, R
ED
-SH
OU
LD
ER
ED
61
0/5
--
10
/2-1
1/1
0(4
1)6
--
61
0/2
46
11
/13
-1
2/1
7-2
6-
B
RO
AD
-WIN
GE
D-
--
61
0/4
--
61
0/3
--
--
R
ED
-TA
ILE
DR
R-1
1/1
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10
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9(1
2)-
11
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1/0
4(1
0)-
12
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10
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5(1
5)-
20
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS
234
VOLUME 8 NO.4
CO
UN
TY
RE
PO
RT
S -
OC
TO
BE
R T
HR
OU
GH
DE
CE
MB
ER
19
94
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BR
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10
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61
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0)-
11
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-6
10
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R-
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10
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10
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10
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1/7
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1(7
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1/2
0(5
)-1
2/1
81
1/2
8R
RN
OV
(2)-
12
/17
11
/29
(2)
-1
2/1
7(1
3)
SIS
KIN
, P
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10
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(10
)-31
--
--
--
--
--
CLIN
TO
NC
RA
WF
OR
DC
UM
BE
RLA
ND
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UP
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GR
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NT
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DO
NIN
DIA
NA
LO
ON
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RO
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--
--
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10
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(2)-
11/1
3-
--
11
/2-1
9(2
)
C
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MO
N-
10
/23
-12
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(5)
12
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--
-A
10
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1/1
9(5
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A-1
1/2
(60)
10
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-26
(25)-
12/2
9
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10
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10
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10
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61
0/1
5(4
9)-
12
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H
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D-
11
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11
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11
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12/1
71
0/9
10
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1)-
12
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10
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65
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9/2
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11
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6)
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GR
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61
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12
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10/3
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2/1
8(2
3)
12/1
712/1
8(3
5)
12/1
7(9
5)
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5-D
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(400+
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1/1
9(8
)-
11
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(15
0)-
30
10
/26
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(661
)-12
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E-
A-
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--
12
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(4)
--
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SN
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-1
1/9
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1/1
2-1
2/1
1(5
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6-
10
/30
(4)-
11/1
--
10
/26
(20
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10
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8)-
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10
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11
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5)
61
1/5
(4)
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(6)
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10
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(15
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11
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10
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1/7
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25
10
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TE
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--
61
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9(3
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10
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3)-
30
6O
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10
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)
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RN
-10/1
-30(2
5)-
12/1
8-
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(50+
)-
P-
--
-
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS
236
VOLUME 8 NO.4
CO
UN
TY
RE
PO
RT
S -
OC
TO
BE
R T
HR
OU
GH
DE
CE
MB
ER
19
94
CLIN
TO
NC
RA
WF
OR
DC
UM
BE
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ND
DA
UP
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DE
LA
WA
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GR
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HU
NT
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DO
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DIA
NA
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DW
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L-
10
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1/1
9(9
8)6
11
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-12
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(24)
12
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)1
1/1
1-1
2/1
7(1
1)
-A
--
-1
0/2
5-1
1/2
(9)6
WIG
EO
N,
AM
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ICA
N-
10
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0)-
12/4
12
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P1
0/1
5-
A-
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1/2
5A
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(13
)
CA
NV
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BA
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3-3
0-
--
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(200+
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--
12
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-26
(5)
RE
DH
EA
D-
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1/2
(2)
11
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(9)
--
10
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C(1
2)6
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15)-
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11
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10
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11
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31
0/8
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4)-
12
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GR
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R-
10
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2/3
(2)
--
12
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(5)
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6-1
2/3
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11
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L
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SE
R-
12
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(2)
12
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(4)
P-
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--
10
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91
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9(7
6)-
20
OL
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51
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7-
12
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0/2
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--
12
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11
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(5)-
12/2
4
SC
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--
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--
10
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-12
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(30)6
--
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6
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CO
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11
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(15
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50
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12
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46
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10
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10
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10
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12
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11
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11
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1/7
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12
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12
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11
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10
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10
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37
V
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NO
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CO
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TY
RE
PO
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HR
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GH
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MB
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19
94
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10
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28
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12
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22
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS
238
VOLUME 8 NO.4
CO
UN
TY
RE
PO
RT
S -
OC
TO
BE
R T
HR
OU
GH
DE
CE
MB
ER
19
94
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12
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94
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PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS
240
VOLUME 8 NO.4
CO
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TY
RE
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OC
TO
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ET
SU
LLIV
AN
TIO
GA
VE
NA
NG
OW
ES
TM
OR
ELA
ND
WY
OM
ING
YO
RK
DU
CK
, A
ME
RIC
AN
BL
AC
KA
AP
12
/10
(2)
12
/24
(18
)1
0/6
-13
-A
11
/15
(70
)A
A
MA
LLA
RD
RR
RP
12/1
3(5
00
+)
-6
10
/25
(24
)-12
/18
RA
-12
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(56
8)
RR
PIN
TA
IL, N
OR
TH
ER
N-
11
/2(2
00
+)-
12/1
7-
-P
--
11
/126
P1
1/2
2-2
4-
TE
AL,
BLU
E-W
ING
ED
--
61
0/4
(6)
--
--
-1
1/2
0(5
2)
-6
10
/12
(4)
SH
OV
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ER
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OR
TH
ER
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11
/2(5
0+
)-1
2/1
7-
--
--
11
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-1
1/1
1-1
2/2
10
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GA
DW
AL
L1
2/1
81
2/1
7(3
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8-
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2/1
7(8
)-
--
11
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0/2
1-1
1/1
1(3
)-2
51
0/46
WIG
EO
N,
AM
ER
ICA
N-
12
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-28
--
10
/14
-12
/11
(3)
--
-P
10
/21
-28
(4)-
12
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A
CA
NV
AS
BA
CK
--
--
12
/11
-13
(2)
--
--
--
RE
DH
EA
D-
--
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1/2
5-1
2/1
8(4
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-1
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3-1
2/1
0-
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CK
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ING
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12
/18
--
-1
0/2
4(2
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-1
0/1
6-2
21
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0/2
7-1
1/1
5(1
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11
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SC
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13
--
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2/1
9-
-
L
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R-
--
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2/1
1(4
)-1
9-
--
P1
0/2
1-1
1/8
(3)-
12
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-
OL
DS
QU
AW
--
--
11
/16
-12
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(8)-
15
--
10
/22
--
-
S
UR
F-
--
--
--
10
/22
(8)-
12/1
8-
--
W
HIT
E-W
ING
ED
--
--
--
--
-1
1/7
(2)-
12
/29
-
GO
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EN
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E,
CO
MM
ON
12
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--
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1/1
2(3
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2/1
2-
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2/3
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19
A1
1/1
1-2
5(7
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5-
BU
FF
LE
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AD
12
/18
-1
1/7
(6)
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1/1
0(2
00
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2/1
7-
-1
1/1
9-1
2/1
01
0/3
0(1
3)-
12
/18
10
/27
-11
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7)-
12
/18
11
/206
ME
RG
AN
SE
R, H
OO
DE
D1
2/1
8-
12
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11
/10
-12
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(25)
--
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11
/7-1
9(6
)61
1/1
06
C
OM
MO
N1
2/1
81
2/2
8(6
)-
-1
2/1
7(2
)-
-A
PR
-
R
ED
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EA
ST
ED
--
--
11
/11
--
-P
--
DU
CK
, R
UD
DY
12
/18
11
/2(1
3)
--
10
/14
-11
/16
(100
)-12
/9-
10
/30
-11
/19
10
/2-1
2/3
01
1/3
0(2
)1
0/56
VU
LT
UR
E,
BL
AC
K1
2/1
8-
-6
12
/26
(2)
--
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--
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T
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KE
Y-
A-1
1/1
9(5
)-
61
0/1
5(4
)-
6O
CT
61
0/1
36
11
/26
10
/28
(47
)6
10
/11
(2)
R
OS
PR
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-6
11
/25
--
--
--
P6
10
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61
0/2
4
EA
GL
E,
BA
LD
--
--
11
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--
10
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2/1
9-
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HA
RR
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, N
OR
TH
ER
N1
2/1
8A
11
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61
2/1
61
2/2
10
/6-1
2/4
12
/28
(22
)1
0/8
-12/1
9(4
)6A
11
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-23
(3)-
12
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A
HA
WK
, S
HA
RP
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INN
ED
RR
A1
2/1
16
10
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-1
0/2
9-1
2/1
8R
R1
2/1
8A
C
OO
PE
R'S
-R
10
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10
/15
(4)-
12/1
01
0/2
-1
1/4
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8(4
)-25
RR
12
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(4)
A
GO
SH
AW
K,
NO
RT
HE
RN
--
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1/4
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12
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--
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0/2
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0
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WK
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ED
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11
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--
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RO
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11
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L*
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R
R
OU
GH
-LE
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ED
--
11
/156
-1
1/2
4-
12
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(17
)-
-1
1/2
3-
EA
GL
E,
GO
LD
EN
--
12
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(2)6
-1
2/1
2-
--
--
11
/14
KE
ST
RE
L,
AM
ER
ICA
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RR
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--
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1/5
(2)-
8-
--
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12
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ER
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R-
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0/2
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11
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BW
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RN
--
--
--
--
--
R
CO
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ME
RIC
AN
A*
10
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00+
)-
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0/1
4-2
9(1
7)-
12/6
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0/2
51
0/1
6-1
1/1
2(8
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91
0/3
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0)
10
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3)6
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06
KIL
LD
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R-
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11
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61
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NO
V(5
+)
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10
/15
(9)-
11/5
610/3
0(7
5+
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0+
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12
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A
YE
LLO
WL
EG
S,
GR
EA
TE
R-
--
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10
/28
--
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10
/11
-6
11
/20
L
ES
SE
R-
10
/15
(50
)-
--
--
-P
-6
10
/16
SA
ND
PIP
ER
, S
OLIT
AR
Y-
--
--
--
--
-6
11
/20
L
S
PO
TT
ED
--
61
0/5
--
--
--
-O
CT
P
EC
TO
RA
L-
10
/15
(4)
--
--
--
10
/2(4
)-
61
0/1
2
DU
NLIN
--
--
--
--
10
/16
(2)
10
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SN
IPE
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OM
MO
NA
--
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0/1
3(3
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1/2
6-
--
P-
10
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WO
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--
61
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56
10
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--
61
0/2
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LL
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ON
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1/1
8(2
)-
--
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R
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LE
DA
A1
2/1
1-
10
/9(1
0)
-6
12
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(3)
-6
12
/27
(2)
11
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A
H
ER
RIN
GA
--
-1
0/9
(5)
--
10
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-11
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P1
0/3
1(3
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G
RE
AT
BLA
CK
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CK
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A-
--
--
--
--
A
TE
RN
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OR
ST
ER
'S-
OC
T(1
50+
)-
--
--
--
--
OW
L,
BA
RN
R-
--
--
--
--
R
B
AR
RE
DR
-R
RR
RR
RR
10
/9R
S
HO
RT
-EA
RE
D-
-1
1/2
8-
12
/20
-23
(2)
-1
2/1
8(3
)1
2/1
7-3
0(5
)6-
--
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS
242
VOLUME 8 NO.4
CO
UN
TY
RE
PO
RT
S -
OC
TO
BE
R T
HR
OU
GH
DE
CE
MB
ER
19
94
PE
RR
YP
HIL
AD
ELP
HIA
PO
TT
ER
SC
HU
YLK
ILL
SO
ME
RS
ET
SU
LLIV
AN
TIO
GA
VE
NA
NG
OW
ES
TM
OR
ELA
ND
WY
OM
ING
YO
RK
N
OR
TH
ER
N S
AW
-WH
ET
--
--
--
11
/51
2/2
96
--
-
NIG
HT
HA
WK
, C
OM
MO
N-
61
0/5
--
--
--
P-
-
SW
IFT
, C
HIM
NE
Y-
61
0/7
(11)
--
--
-6
10
/9-
-6
10
/1
WO
OD
PE
CK
ER
, R
ED
-HE
AD
ED
--
--
--
--
--
R
SA
PS
UC
KE
R, Y
EL
LO
W-B
EL
LIE
D1
2/1
8A
(2)
10
/15
--
--
10
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(2)6
A1
1/8
-13
A
FLIC
KE
R,
NO
RT
HE
RN
RR
61
0/1
0P
--
61
1/5
61
0/2
2R
RR
PH
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BE
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AS
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61
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8(3
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61
0/2
9-
61
0/2
36
12
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(2)
61
0/1
36
10
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61
0/9
61
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4
LA
RK
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OR
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SW
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W,
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--
--
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61
0/1
3
CR
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R-
--
--
--
-6
10
/17
R
RA
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N,
CO
MM
ON
R-
R6
12
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RR
R-
R-1
0/8
(11
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10
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CH
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AD
EE
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LA
CK
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PP
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R-
RR
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RR
RR
A
C
AR
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12
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R-
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--
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TH
AT
CH
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EA
ST
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12
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(L)
12
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(3)6
P-
12
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RR
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P1
2/1
76
CR
EE
PE
R, B
RO
WN
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7-1
2/1
76
12
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A-
RR
11
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RR
11
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WR
EN
, H
OU
SE
--
--
--
--
61
0/2
1-
61
0/8
W
INT
ER
12
/18
A-
10
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(3)
10
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--
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10
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A
M
AR
SH
10
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--
--
--
--
10
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KIN
GL
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OLD
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NE
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A1
1/6
11
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10
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(20
+)
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8(4
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0/96
R1
0/86
10
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R
UB
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RO
WN
ED
A1
0/2
76
10
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11
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)-1
26
10
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(20
+)
10
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10
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-29
(2)
10
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1/1
2A
-12
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(3)
10
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(2)
A
GN
AT
CA
TC
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R, B
LU
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Y-
--
--
--
--
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11
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(2)
TH
RU
SH
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RA
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HE
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--
--
--
--
61
0/7
--
S
WA
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10
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--
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61
0/1
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10
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H
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A1
0/26
10
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61
0/2
66
10
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(3)
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0/9
(2)
61
0/9
A-
10
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W
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61
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--
--
--
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61
1/1
5L
RO
BIN
, A
ME
RIC
AN
AR
AP
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10
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(60
)-11
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11
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12/1
8A
AA
A
CA
TB
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RA
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12
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(2)
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10
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10
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10
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61
0/1
9-
61
0/1
4
TH
RA
SH
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RO
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61
2/1
8-
--
--
--
61
0/2
--
PIP
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AM
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--
11
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5+
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11
1/6
(36)
--
10
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(25
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0-1
6(8
0)-
31
-1
0/2
2
VIR
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11
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61
0/1
4(8
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10
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61
0/1
36
10
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61
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61
0/1
4
R
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61
0/1
9(2
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10
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10
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61
0/1
WA
RB
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R,
TE
NN
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10
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--
--
61
0/2
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61
0/2
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--
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--
--
61
0/9
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--
N
AS
HV
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--
--
--
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61
0/1
(6)-
18
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10
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RU
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OR
TH
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61
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--
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--
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61
0/1
7L
WA
RB
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R, M
AG
NO
LIA
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10
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10
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61
0/2
61
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4-
61
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C
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--
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61
0/1
4-
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10
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10
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--
B
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CK
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RO
AT
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BLU
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10
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10
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2)-
3-
--
--
61
0/9
--
61
0/1
5
Y
EL
LO
W-R
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PE
DA
10
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00
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11/2
10
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10
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61
2/1
7(1
2)
61
2/7
(3)
10
/13
(20
+)
--
10
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1/6
10
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B
LA
CK
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RO
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GR
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10
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61
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61
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61
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3
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61
0/9
(10)
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10
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(2)
--
61
0/2
7-
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LA
CK
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--
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--
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61
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--
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ME
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10
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10
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61
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10
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--
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61
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--
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10
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10
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10
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61
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6
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61
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BE
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61
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--
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61
0/1
6
BU
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10
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--
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61
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10
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TO
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61
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10
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61
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61
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61
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10
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61
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5
SP
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RO
W,
AM
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2/1
86
12
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(2)6
12
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--
11
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11
/46
11
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11
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(2)6
11
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11
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C
HIP
PIN
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--
P-
61
1/1
6(3
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10
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(4)-
31
61
0/1
6P
61
0/1
8(2
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10
/28
F
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DA
R6
10
/23
--
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10
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(18
)-12
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61
0/2
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61
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8(2
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V
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R-
--
--
--
--
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2/1
7
S
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NA
H6
10
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0)
--
--
--
61
0/8
--
61
0/2
8
F
OX
--
10
/30
(3)
11
/12
11
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)1
0/2
3-
-1
0/2
7-1
1/2
6(4
)-
11
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L
INC
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N'S
--
10
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HAAS HEARING CENTER
Barbara M. Haas, M.A., CCC-A
2469 Hammertown Rd.
Narvon, PA 17555
717-445-5010
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PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS 244 VOLUME 8 NO. 4
INDEX to Volume 8 (1994)
Am. Woodcock Carrying Young. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Black Rail Lebanon County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Blauer, Mark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Blust, Barry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Book, Jerry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Brauning, Dan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,138Breeding Dickcissel Behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Checklist of the Birds of Blair County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216Christmas Bird Counts 1994-95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Clapper Rail in Pa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Conant, Skip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Conejohela Flats - Habitat in Danger.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Confirmed Nesting of N. Mockingbird
in Lawrence Co... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Cooper's Hawk Utilizing Carrion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Crilley, Kevin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Dean, Barb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,90,142Dickcissels in Lawrence & Venango Counties.. . . . . . . . . . . 90Discovery of a Blackpoll Warbler Nest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Documenting Rare Birds in Pa. - Part 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Fall Raptor Migration Summary 1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Feldstein, Steven. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Fifth Report of the P. O. R. C.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20First Breeding Colony of Herring Gulls
in Pa. Allegheny County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34First Confirmed Evening Grosbeak Nest in Pa.. . . . . . . . . . 133First Record of Ross' Gull for Pa. York County. . . . . . . . . . . 87Floyd, Ted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,201,207,208Ford, Paula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216Future Breeders in Pa.?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,208
Great Dickcissel Flyway, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Gregory, Alan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 183Gross, Douglas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Grove, Greg & Deb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Haas, Barbara M.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Hess, Paul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201House Finches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Invasion of the Varied Thrushes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Kinglet Survival Huntingdon County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Koch, Arlene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,141,146Kwater, Ed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,63,87,97
Late Yellow Warbler, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Mellon, Rick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Mescavage, Betsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Miller, Randy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,96Miracle at Imperial.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207More Notes on the Sandhill Cranes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Most Documented Record of a
Hoary Redpoll in Pa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Neotropical migrants in Pennsylvania: Evidenceof absence, or absence of evidence?. . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Neotropical Migrants in Pa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Night-Heron, Yellow-crowned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Ornithological Technical Committee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
PENNSYLVANIA BIRDLISTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Personality Profile:
Alan Brady.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Robert M. Schutsky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Population Trends of Pa.'s Nesting Birds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Posible Origin of Pa.'s 1st Nesting Record
of Herring Gull. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Preliminary Checklist of the Birds of
Allegheny Co.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Pulcinella, Nick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,85
Rannels, Steve .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Rare Bird Reports
Gull, Laughing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Hummingbird, Rufous/Allen's.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Redpoll, Hoary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Sparrow, Lark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Sparrow, LeConte's. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Teal, Cinnamon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Tern, Gull-billed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Towhee, Green-tailed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Warbler, Kirtland's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Reid, Bill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Rodgers, Nancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Ruddy Turnbark and a Ruddy Rototiller, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Russell, Keith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Scenario of the Upland Sandpiperin Western Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Schiefer, Terry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Schwalbe, Paul and Glenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Second Breeding Record of Sandhill Crane for Pa... . . . . . 136Sharp-shinned Duck Hawk?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Site Guide: Unami Creek Valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Third Annual North American Migration Count. . . . . . . . . . . 72
Unami Creek Valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Update on Great Blue Heronries
in Lawrence County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Wilhelm, Gene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,139,204Wiltraut, Rick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,144Winter of the Long-eared Owls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13