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PENANGANAN LIMBAH INDUSTTRI [VAI 126]

PS AGROINDUSTRI SV_UGM

Oleh :

Dr. Wagiman, STP, M. Si

ayuafif@ugm.ac.id

Program Diploma AgroindustriSekolah Vokasi

Universitas Gadjah Mada2015

Pertemuan III : Teknologi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri

09 Maret 2015

Ingat ? Apa saja yang ada di dalam

LC ?

• Bahan organik

• Padatan tersuspensi

• Nutrien: Nitrogen and fospfor

• Patogen: E. Coli, Salmonella.

• Logam berat : Mercury, Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Cadmium, etc.

• Bahan kimia organik (sintetik) : Some are carcinogenic, mutagenic,

teratogenic, or highly acute toxicity

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Sumber pencemaran dan pencemar

Kategori P L. Domestik L. Industri R. Pertanian R. Perkotaan

B. Organik

Nutrien

Patogen

SS

Garam-2-an

Lgm beracun

BO beracun

Panas

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Parameter Penting ?

• Solids:

– TSS, VSS

• Organic Matter:

– BOD5 , COD

• Nitrogen Containing Compounds:

– NH4 , TKN

• Phosphorus:

– Total Phosphorus, Ortho-Phosphorate (PO43-)

• Alkalinity

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Unit Proses dalam Pengolahan LC

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Unit proses & tahanp pengolahan

LCUnit proses

• Tenaga fisikawi

• Reaksi biologis

• Reaksi kimiawi

Tahap Pengolahan LC

• Pengolahan awal

• Pengolahan primer

• Pengolahan sekunder

• Pengolahan tersier

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Contoh : Fisikawi & Kimiawi• Sreen/Saringan

• Grease trap & grit chamber

• Equalisasi

• Sedimentasi/pengendapan

• Floatasi

• filtrasi

• Koagulasi-flokulasi

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FISIKAWI

KIMIAWI

Contoh : Biologis

Type of treatment

Aerobic treatment Anaerobic treatment

Suspended biomass

1. Activated sludge

2. Mondified activated sludge

3. Aerated lagoon

4. Oxydation ponds

5. SBR

1. Septic tank

2. Imhoff tank

3. Anaerobic lagoon

4. UASB

5. ABR

Facultative pond, jokasso

Attached biomass

1. Trickling filter

2. RBC

1. Anaerobic filter

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TUJUAN

• Preliminary treatment

• Penyisihan bahan/material besar atau berat

• Primary treatment

• Penyisihan bahan anorganik yang tersuspensi dan beberapa partikel organik

• Secondary treatment

• Konversi secara biologis bahan organik baik yang terlarut maupun koloid menjadi biomassa

• Tertiary treatment

• Penyisihan lebih lanjut bahan tersuspensi atau nutrien atau disinfection

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Preliminary treatment : Screening

• Coarse Screens

• 6 mm (0,25 in)

• Fine Screens

• 1,5 s/d 6 mm

• 0,2 s/d 1,5 mm

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Description of

coarse screens

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Comminutors

dan grinders

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Equalisasi

• Teknik untuk meningkatkan efektivitas proses

pengolahan limbah cair pada tahap berikutnya

• Flow, kandungan polutan, temperatur, padatan, dll

• Mixer

• Manfaat :

• Influen stabil

• Shock loading

• Efisiensi bahan kimia pada netralisasi & koagulasi-flokulasi

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Volume Tangki Ekualisasi

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• Sedimentation = settling = clarification

• Proses pemisahan padatan yang terkandung dalam

limbah cair dengan memanfaatkan gaya gravitasi

• Asumsi :

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Tipe Partikel

Type Description Examples

Discrete

(Type - I)

Individual settling, low solids

concentrationGrit, sand

Flocculant

(Type - II)

Dilute suspension, particles flocculate,

mass and settling rate increase with depth

Primary and upper

secondary settlers

Hindered

(Type - III)

Intermediate concentration, mass settles

as a unit, interface at topSecondary clarifiers

Compression

(Type - IV)

High concentration, structure formed,

compression causes settlingSludge

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Faktor Kunci

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Desain Tangki Sedimentasi

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horizontal flow

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radial flow clarifier

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Flow in an upflow clarifier

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Comparison of sedimentation tank design types

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Why coagulation and flocculation?

Colloids – so small: gravity settling not possible

Various sizes of particles in raw water

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What is Coagulation?

• Coagulation is the destabilization of colloids

by addition of chemicals that neutralize the

negative charges

• The chemicals are known as coagulants, usually

higher valence

cationic salts (Al3+, Fe3+ etc.)

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Relative coagulating power

Na+ = 1; Mg2+ = 30

Al3+ > 1000; Fe3+ > 1000

Typical coagulants

Aluminum sulfate: Al2(SO4)3.14 H2O

Iron salt- Ferric sulfate: Fe2(SO4)3

Iron salt- Ferric chloride: Fe2Cl3Polyaluminum chloride (PAC): Al2(OH)3Cl3

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Flocculation

Flocculation - agglomeration of colloids by

collisions to form separable flocs

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Pertimbangan seleksi dan desain

proses

• Kebutuhan energi

• Efektivitas dalam penyisihan kontaminan

• Lumpur yang dihasilkan dan pembuangannya

• Kompleksitas

• Reabilitas

• Fleksibilitas

• Biaya dan keharusan operasi dan perawatan

• Kebutuhan personel

• Biaya konstruksi

• Biaya total

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