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Questions/concernsQuestions/concernsReview Concept AttainmentReview Concept AttainmentSharingSharingThree Step Interview connected Three Step Interview connected

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Last SessionLast Session

We played with Framing Questions -- an We played with Framing Questions -- an instructional skill -- we also played with instructional skill -- we also played with Place Mat, Numbered Heads, Round Place Mat, Numbered Heads, Round Robin, One Stray Rest Stay, Robin, One Stray Rest Stay, Brainstorming, Concept Attainment, Fish Brainstorming, Concept Attainment, Fish Bone Diagrams, Bloom’s Taxonomy, Bone Diagrams, Bloom’s Taxonomy, Inductive and Deductive ThinkingInductive and Deductive Thinking

Concept Concept AttainmentAttainment

Jerome Bruner’s Inductive Jerome Bruner’s Inductive thinking strategythinking strategy

How many of you have How many of you have experienced Concept experienced Concept

Attainment or applied it Attainment or applied it in the classroom?in the classroom?

All of you have experienced it, All of you have experienced it, the process is what your the process is what your

parents used when you were parents used when you were young … to ‘teach’ you all young … to ‘teach’ you all

those ‘concepts’ like dog and those ‘concepts’ like dog and truck etc.truck etc.

Have you played this game?Have you played this game?

I am going on a trip and I can take a carrot I am going on a trip and I can take a carrot but I cannot take a can; I can take a beet but I cannot take a can; I can take a beet but I cannot take a bottle …but I cannot take a bottle …

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Side A Side B

Testers

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What level of thinking and what type of thinking does Concept Attainment demand?

• Level of thinking: Analysis• Type of thinking: Inductive• We see this with this objective: The students will

demonstrate they understand the difference between weather and climate.

• Can you sense the relationship between Concept Attainment and Venn Diagrams?

Climate, Weather and Concept Attainment

• The high temperature today will be 14 degrees• Over the last decade the ice-cap has been

receding.• Yesterday we had a tornado.• Each year the monsoons come in the spring.• I have never seen it snow like that before.• We have four seasons every year: spring,

summer, winter, and fall.

Open and Closed-Ended ?’s

• What is your name?

• Please explain how photosynthesis works?

• What are the parts of a bunsen burner?

• Why do you think Tuck did not drink the water?

Inductive thinking refers to

Classifying -- understanding how things in a group are the same…

pushes the analysis level of

thinking

Deductive thinking refers to

Finding an answer … the scientific method is an

example, we form a hypothesis and

then find an answer.

What is a concept? What is a concept?

• Anything that has a label• …and has a definition• …and two or more examples that fit into that

definition that have the same attributes that differentiate them from those things that don’t

• NOTE: that means most proper nouns are not examples of concepts. (E.G., What do all the David’s or Mary’s have in common that differentiate them from the Bob’s or Helen’s?)

QuestionQuestion

• Can you name one thing that is not an example of a concept?

• …say eyebrow or wheelbarrow or love or democracy or infinity or photosynthesis or transportation or spaceship or addition or factor or realism or history or teddy bear or line or shape or triangle or media or …

Three Phases of Concept Attainment

Three Phases of Concept Attainment

• PHASE I: Share the focus statement and the data set

• Phase II: Share their hypotheses and their thinking

• Phase III: Application of the learning

Three Types of ConceptsThree Types of Concepts

• Conjunctive - with common attributes -- common juncture

• Dysjunctive - without common attributes

• Relational - meaning comes out of the context for comparison

Conjunctive and Not ConjunctiveConjunctive and Not Conjunctive

• Chair

• Car

• Nose

• Book

• Planet

• Cloud

• Triangle

• Rainbow

• Rough

• Smooth

• Smart

• Long

• Love

• Democracy

• Symbolism

• Motivation

Relational and Not RelationalRelational and Not Relational

• Rough

• Smooth

• Smart

• Long

• Steep

• Rich

• Warm

• Opposite

• Planet

• Could

• Triangle

• Rainbow

• Love

• Democracy

• Symbolism

• Motivation

Dysjunctive and Not DysjunctiveDysjunctive and Not Dysjunctive

• Symbolism

• Democracy

• Effective

• Motivating

• Love (tricky)

• ‘Strike’ in baseball

• Beautiful

• Technology

• Planet• Could• Triangle• Rainbow• Computer• Home run (in baseball)• Sweet• Opaque

Focus on civil rightsFocus on civil rights

1. In South Africa policy prohibited blacks from living in areas designated as ‘white only’ areas.

2. In Canada, the First Nation People were denied access to most ‘classy’ cafes.

3. In Germany, during WW Two, Jews were required by law to have travel passes in order to move about their community

4. In North America, it is not unusual to have all white juries hear the case of a non-white person.

civil rights continuedcivil rights continued

5. In Canada, during WW II, legislation was passed that sent Japanese Canadians to special camps. They had to leave behind virtually all their possessions. German and Italian Canadians did not have to move to those camps.

6. In some states in the United States, if a black killed a white person they were always found guilty. If a white killed a black, they were always found innocent.

7. In the United States, blacks were obliged by law to sit at the back of the bus.

8. In England, three people were killed by a bomb planted by the IRA

civil rights testerscivil rights testers

A. In North America, immigrant children were teased on the playground

B. As set out in legislation, in some states, and countries, women are not allowed to terminate a pregnancy.

C. In Canada, women did not have the right to vote.D. In Malaysia, if your hair was longer than a certain

length (as shown by pictures in the banks) you would not be served until everyone else in the bank was served.

E. In Canada, we have created laws that support men and women being paid the same wage if they do the same job.

Data Set: Ways of ConvincingData Set: Ways of Convincing

• The purpose of the test is to measure what you know; cheating defeats the purpose of the test. You should not cheat.

• Honesty is the best policy. Therefore you should not cheat.

• Let’s get a kitten for Granny. Pets help lower blood pressure in older people.

• Everyone in the family has gone to college; you must go to college.

Data Set: Ways of ConvincingData Set: Ways of Convincing

• Studies show that people manage money better as adults when they have had allowances as children. I should get an allowance.

• If you loved me you would give me an allowance.

• There are fewer fatal accidents since the speed limit was reduced. The speed limit should stay reduced.

• The kitten has been abandoned. It’ll starve if we don’t bring it inside.

Data Set: Ways of ConvincingData Set: Ways of Convincing

• Butter is high in cholesterol. As a cardiac patient, you shouldn’t use it.

• You have a moral obligation to take this staff development course on AIDS. If you don’t, parents will think you are irresponsible. You should take this course.

• College graduates have a higher average lifetime income than non-graduates. You should go to college if you want to earn more.

• How can you eat meat? That is so sickening! Yuck, would you eat your pet? You should be a vegetarian.

Ways to Convince: TestersWays to Convince: Testers

• I’m voting for Joe Smith, he is so good looking and he seems like he would treat people with respect.

• Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

• Buckle up for safety.• Buckle up, it is the law.• Buckle up, I’m not taking care of you if you

get injured.

Ways to Convince: TestersWays to Convince: Testers

• Life insurance will provide your family with support if you die.

• Coke is it.• You Deserve a Break! (McDonalds)• Be true to yourself.• I’m voting for Jessica; she has integrity

and has worked as a city counselor effectively for eight years.

What the ODD’s have in common…

What the ODD’s have in common…

• They involve reasoning -- it deals with principles and criteria of validity; it is analytic, deductive.

• So with a partner, group the EVEN examples and the TESTERS that are EVEN into other ways of convincing others.

Categories for ConvincingCategories for Convincing

• Ethos - ethics, morality (Black & Blue Hat)

• Pathos - emotions feelings (Red Hat)

• Logos - logic facts (White Hat)

Comment: In a debate, you employ one or more of these to argue pro or con an issue.

Two Types of ConceptsBlumer, 1954

Two Types of ConceptsBlumer, 1954

• Definitive (like conjunctive in Bruner’s) Means we have clarity - no confusion

(chair, truck)

• Sensitizing (like relational and dysjunctive in Bruner’s) Means we have a lack of clarity and we work

at getting increasing clarity but usually never really get absolute clarity (justice, love)

Two Ways to Present the Data SetTwo Ways to Present the Data Set

• Focused Gambling -- present one YES and one NO example at a time

• Simultaneous Scanning -- the students see all the data set at once

• Note: the more print, the more likely you show one at a time -- especially for younger kids.

Concept Attainment: Focused Gambling

Concept Attainment: Focused Gambling

• Angry Trembling

• Excited Clenching fists

• Happy Laughing

• Confused Yelling

• Annoyed Daydreaming

• Embarrassed Talking out

Testers (focused gambling)Testers (focused gambling)

• Hiding

• Nail biting

• Afraid

• Relaxed

• Relaxing

• Upset stomach

• Confident

Concept Attainment: Simultaneous ScanningConcept Attainment: Simultaneous Scanning

• Precious junk

• Gregarious hermit

• Dangerous friend

• Slowly raced

• Openly camouflaged

• Eternal instant

• Naïve wisdom

• Valuable jewelry

• Old man

• Quickly ran

• Beautiful butterfly

• Closed door

• Dangerous thoughts

• Exquisite joy

Testers (simultaneous scanning)Testers (simultaneous scanning)

• Boy that dog is pretty ugly.• Joyful tears ran down the mother’s face as her

daughter returned home from school.• The man bought one kilo of jumbo shrimp• Take the down escalator to the washroom.• As the verdict was read she silently yelled, why,

why, why.• Now that is an example of military intelligence.

Dichotomous Non DichotmousDichotomous Non Dichotmous

A BNouns Verbs

Biotic Abiotic

AdditionSubtraction

Simile Metaphor

SocialismCapitalism

AbstractRealism

2 D 3D

A BTriangles All other shapesCars Trains, Buses

etcDemocracy Other formsSolids Liquids & GasesTranslucent Opaque &

Transp.Teasing Others forms of BChemical Other types of Change Change

Why use Concept Attainment?

Knowledge as Design

· What is the structure of the concept?

· What are model cases of the concept?

· What is the purpose of the concept?

· What is the value of the concept?

…David Perkins

Screwdrivers

· What is the structure of the concept?· Handle, shaft, end that sticks into screws

· What are model cases of the concept?· Phillips, Flat Head, Robertson

· What is the purpose of the concept?· Put in screws

· What is the value of the concept?· Mechanical advantage

Question

• How do wait time, framing questions, think/pair/share, concept attainment, safety, accountability, active participation, Bloom’s Taxonomy, Brain Research, etc., work together?

Questioning Factors• Complexity of Thinking• Academic Engaged Time• Use of Wait Time• Responding to Student Responses• Knowledge of Results• Shifting from Covert to Overt• Fear of Failure• Public vs Private Failure• Distribution of Responses• Accountability and Level of Concern

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Instruction …classified

• Instructional concepts

• Instructional concepts that are skills

• Instructional concepts that are tactics

• Instructional concepts that are strategies

• Instructional concepts that are instructional organizers

Concept Attainment

• Concepts (only)• Safe• Accountable• Novelty• Authentic• Motivation• Active Participation

• Skills• Framing questions• Applying wait time• Suspending judgment• Discussing the purpose of

the lesson• Responding to a ‘no’

response

Concept Attainment

• Organizers• Multiple Intelligence• Gender• Ethnicity• Culture• Brain• Child Development• Learning Difficulties• At Risk Environment

• Others• Fish Bone Diagram• Word Web• Enthusiasm• TRIBES• PWIM• Community Circle• Lesson Design• Cooperative Learning• Critical Thinking

Concept Attainment

• Tactics• Think Pair Share• Brainstorming• Venn Diagram• Flow Chart• Round Robin• 3 Step Interview• PMI• Six Thinking Hats

• Strategies• Concept Attainment• 5 Basic Elements• Mind Mapping• Concept Mapping• Jigsaw• Academic

Controversy• Group Investigation• Reading Recovery

Levels of Use of an Innovation

• Non-use

• Orientation (searching out information)

• Preparation

• Mechanical (the implementation dip)

• Routine (where student benefit starts)

• Refined

• Integrative

• Refocus (search for new idea)

CBAM (Concerns Based Adoption Model)

• Levels of Use• Non-User• Orientation• Preparation• Mechanical• Routine• Refined• Integrative

• Levels of Concern• No Concerns• Awareness• Information• Personal• Impact on Students• Collaborative

Parts of Speech can you see a problem with the data set?

Dog Car Butterfly Window Teeth Dirt Water Book

Run Fly Brush Go Eat Close Rock Slide

Parts of speech data set Parts of speech data set reworked:reworked:

He He ranran over to his grandmother’s over to his grandmother’s househouse.. The bird The bird flewflew into the into the nestnest.. She She roderode her bike with her her bike with her friendsfriends.. The The bookbook was easy to was easy to readread.. I think the I think the slideslide in the park is in the park is brokenbroken..

Does this data set work? Capital Cities in Canada

• Victoria• Edmonton• Regina• Winnipeg• Charlottetown• Halifax• Quebec City

• Vancouver• Calgary• Saskatoon• Brandon• Montreal• Woodstock• Cranbrook

Capital Cities

• Victoria is a larger city in B.C. It is on the water and has an average temperature of 19 degrees centigrade. It also has the legislative building for the government of B.C.

• Vancouver is also a large city. Like Victoria it is also on the water -- in addition it has a mountain range that rise steeply from the water increasing the amount of rain.

Ridicule and Sarcasm

• What a jerk!• Hey metal mouth.• Four eyes, get a life.• You’re an idiot.• So dumbo, fail again.• You’ll never have friends.• That car is a pile of junk.

• Nice comment Einstein.• Love the hair style.• That comment will go

down in history.• Whoa, Michael Jordan

will be searching you out!• So who taught you to

play baseball?• So, who dresses you?

Testers for Ridicule and Sarcasm

• There is no such thing as a right answer, but if there was, that would be it.

• When they gave out brains, you thought they said trains and you are a million miles away.

• You have the mind of an ant.

• Bart simpson has nothing on you.

Does this data set work? Mammals

• Dog• Elephant• Humans• Lions• Deer• Whales• Gophers

• Lizards• Snakes• Emus• Ants• Eagles• Sharks• Turtles

Does this data set work? Elephants

• trunk• big ears• grey• very heavy• live in Africa• tough wrinkly skin• can do hard work

• beak• small ears• striped

• light• lives in Canada• a lot of feathers• does not work at all

Algebra

• A man sells oranges in the market … let O stand for the number of oranges.

• A women sells tennis balls … let X stand for the number of tennis balls.

• A bus takes students to a stadium … let S stand for the number of students.

• A restaurant serves 134 people on average each day … let Y stand for the number of people.

• Jets crash on average … let C stand for the number of crashes.

• Computer sales have doubled each month … let C stand for yearly sales.

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