pediatric emergencies chapter 30. pediatric emergencies list and describe the anatomical and...
TRANSCRIPT
Pediatric Emergencies Chapter 30
Pediatric Emergencies• List and describe the anatomical and physiological differences between
children and adults
• List and describe six stages of growth and development
• List the normal range of vital signs for each pediatric age group
• Understand and be able to incorporate communication tips and techniques for
assessing and interacting with a pediatric patient
• Describe the signs and symptoms of respiratory distress and failure in a child
• List and describe the signs/symptoms of various pediatric disorders
• List the most common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatric patients
• List common causes of seizures in pediatric patients
• List five indicators of potential child abuse and neglect
• Define sudden infant death syndrome
• Describe and demonstrate how to assess a pediatric patient, using the
pediatric assessment triangle
• Describe and demonstrate how to manage common pediatric illnesses and
injuries
Anatomy and Physiology
• Children are not miniature adults!!!!!
• Most important differences:
• Size of airway
• Mechanism of breathing
• A child’s head is proportionally larger and
heavier
• Bones and ligaments are softer/more flexible
Human Growth and Development
• 6 Stages
• The stage a pediatric patient is in will often
influence how you treat them
Newborn Stage
• Begins at birth and spans first 28
days of life
Infancy
• Months 2 through 12
Toddler Stage
• 12 months to 36 months
Preschool Period
• Ages 3-5 years
School Age Period
• 6 years to 12 years
Adolescence
• Ages 13 - 18
Common Pediatric Illnesses and Injuries
• Airway Problems
– Croup
– Tonsillitis
– Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction
– Bronchitis
– Pneumonia
– Asthma
– Epiglottitis
Common Pediatric Illnesses and Injuries
• Respiratory Failure and Cardiac Arrest
• Abdominal Pain
• Nausea, Vomiting and Diarrhea
• Seizures
• Meningitis
• Poisoning
Common Pediatric Illnesses and Injuries
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
(SIDS)
• Trauma
• Burns and Electrocutions
• Child Abuse and Neglect
• Shock
Assessment
• Follow same steps as for adults
• Modify assessment based on age and level
of development of the patient
• Remember: heart and respiration rate may
change rapidly, metabolic compensation
may make child seem stable when they
aren’t
• Gain consent for anyone under 18
Assessment
• Helpful methods of assessing a child:
– Pediatric Assessment Triangle
– Asking questions such as:
• Is the child active and moving about or instad sits
still and quiet?
• Does the child make eye contact?
• Does the child appear irritable or agitated?
• Does the child respond to the caregivers voice?
Assessment • Monitor ABCDs frequently
• For small children information in the
SAMPLE will most likely come from
parent/caregiver
• Approach children slowly, be friendly,
explain everything and make them
feel comfortable