peace corps trainees work, volunteers proiecf study in new york...

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Peace Corps Trainees Work, Volunteers

Join Proiecf Study in New York Slums Slum neighborhoods of New York of Social Work of Columbia Univer-

City a r e the testing ground for a new sity, the t raining program provides concept in training Peace Corps for seven hours a day of community Volunteers to work in community work with New York City welfare

The first Volunteers assigned to development in Latin America. Dur- agencies, in addition to classes in SG- work with an agency of the United ing October, 90 trainees f o r Colombia cia1 'work and in Spanish. Nations began their assignment In served on a field-work oroerom in This ohase of traininp f o r the September on an irrigation and flood- Manhattan's lower Eas t Side and in Colombia oroiect followed r&ht wecks ~~~~ ~ ~ . ~ .~-- ~ - ~ . ~ ~ ~ control program carried out !he the Eas t ~ a c l e m and Chelsea districts: i f training a t the University of New Pakistani government with the assist- Organized by the New York School (Continued oa page 3) ance of the UN's Food and Arrriculture ~ ~ -. Organization.

Fourteen Volunteers will w o r k with farmers near Kushtia, Eas t Pakistan, to help them adopt irrigation farming using water pumped from the Ganges River.

Historically t h o s e fa rmers have been able to grow each year only onc crop of rice from the monsoon sum- mer rains, bu t tha t one crop was often amicted by severe fluctuations in the amount and timing of the water brought by the monsoon.

Two, Three Crops In the temperate but dry winter,

irrigation water will permit the farmers to grow two and perhaps three crops per year, and in the sum- mcr will guard against monsoon fluctuations.

Irrigation will enable the farmers to double and perhaps triple their income, since i t will help t h e h to ge t out, of debt to the r u r a 1 money- lenders, with whom: they a r e usually "one e m p behind" in payments, and who e x t r a c t u p to 30% of the farmers' income in interest.

The assignment of Volunteers to a UN project has suffered long delays. In response to the Peace Corps' re: quest to assign Volunteers t o U N agencies a s one way in which Volun-

(Co?tti?laed o x page 18)

Colombia A special section on eornmuni-

ty-development work in Colom- bin begins on paze 8. 1 LANGUAGE LESSON drew smiles when Peace Corps Director Sorgent Shriver

occornponied Volunteers newly orrived in Sarawok to o village near Kuching where the Americans tried out their Bohasa Malay a n d found they could be understood. Sitting on the steps is Volunteer June Jensby. (See story of Shriver trip on p a g e 6.) . . . .

A N ~ W Newsletter With this i s s u e , the two

Peace Corps newsletters, PEACE CORPS NEWS and THE VOLUN- TEER, have merged into THE PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER.

On its face, the merger will eliminate duplication thnt tends to arise in coverage, production, and distribution. But more important will he the opportunity to put out n more substantial publication, capable of corer- ing a greater variety of topics a t greater length.

Among new features will be a monthly section devoted to one host country or area. Volunteers are urged, ns they have been in the past, to contribute articles and pictures.

Readers of the old newsletters will, of course, continue on the mailing list for the new PEACE Conps VOLUNTEER.

Volunteer Sets Up 'Courtroom' For African School Offenses

Discipline for 200 boys and girls a t the Secondary Technical School in Freetown, Sierra Leone, has taken on aspects of a judicial system.

J im Sheahan, a Volunteer serving there as a n English teacher, established a court run by student prefects to handle cases of disobedience. The school's headmaster calls this the first ,prefects' court in a West African secondarv school. Thus f a r the court seems suwessful, J im reports.

Merging the school's existing pre- fect system with memories of a court a t his own school in Rhade Island, J im set up the system.

Prefects Chosen The faculty chooses eight prefects

from the upper classcs. These prefects a re empowered to maintain ordel. a t lunch and a t assemblies. They also enforce the rule which forbids students to speak African dialects on the

school compound: English must be spoken.

An offender is summoned to appear s t the prefects' court. The offender i s resumed guilty, but he may speak in his own behalf, question his accuser, have witnesses testify for him. A "chief justice" and two prefects hear the cases. Then sentences, af ter approval by the headmaster, a re an- nounced.

'Happy Hours' Sentences meted out by the court

may range from one to 14 hours of detention, known a s "hnppy hours." Students a r e required to copy pas- sages from the encylopedia or t o write compositions. Second or third offenses bring sentences of manual labor: cleaning classrooms or workshops.

Court proceedings a r e open to all. More than 70 students witnessed each of the first four sessions.

1 British Scientist Salutes Tanganyika Project C John Leyden is o leading British

geologist. He is director of and consultant to several diamond, chemical, and mining companies in Tangonyika ond Uganda, a n d olso o consultant on mining a n d geology to two British government committees.

By John Leyden

I have spent some 15 years of my life in the jungle of Burma, living a s much as 15 days' journey on foot away from my nearest fcllaw country- men i ~ n d having to live fo r months on end without seeing any of my own kind.

I have also lived in India and have travelled extensively in the past 15 years in Eas t , Central, West and South Africa. I mention these personal facts only to give some indicn- tion tha t I have had a great deal of experience of living in tcnts and bamboo shelters in hot, steamy, and mnlarious jungle.

Apart from reading somewhat disparaging remarks upon Peace Corps Volunteers in certain American jour- nals, I had no experience of the organization until I came into direct and practical contact with the members in Tanganyika who were working in the Geological Survey.

They came to the country to help in a service which certainly needed help; and af ter a period of training under n very sympathetic and helpful eommissioner of the survey who im- mediately saw their real worth a s in- telligent and dedicated young men, they a r e now doing a first-class job in the bush on basic mapping.

T h e s e youngsters a r e showing Africa what Americans a r e really like. They have got what we call "guts." They can take the bush, a hard taskmaster for young people brought up in gentle American homes.

They n1.e now competent bush sur- veyors and engineers and have got a good grip on the geological and engi- neering problems of their areas. The eommissioner said to me recently, "They a r e rapidly becoming profes- sional geologists."

Gained Respect

They have gained the respect and affection of both Africans and Euro- peans. They a re learning the language even to the point of understanding when the local Africans thank them for their help.

In the past America has always been the goose tha t laid the golden eggs. These young people a re showing tha t America has something much

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more valuable than money to give: she has a group of young people willing to give themselves a t a nominal salary for hard work on roads, in schools, and on a tough job like geological mapping.

Young people whose only thought is to help countries badly needina help a r e deserving of praise from people of all races, and i t has aI- ways angered me to hear Americans uttering disparaging remarks about this commendable group.

Valuable Assistnnee

In this transitional political period in the development of these newly in- dependent territories, the Peace Corps Volunteers in ~ f r i c a a re providing valuable help in the battle to establish the economics of these emergent countries by rendering personal service in very rough conditions and in diffcr- ent climates.

They a re also helping to fill the gap caused by the departure of Euro- pean personnel and by the shortage of trained Africans to fill these important technical appointments.

One high government official in Africa was loud in his praise of the Volunteers and emphasized this very important aspect of their work when I suggested they were being loaded with responsibility very early in the day.

Work Project In N.Y. Slums For Trainees

(Cortilrz~cd fro??& w g e I ) Mexico and four weeks in Puerto Rico. The total training program of 16 weeks is the longest ever undertaken by the Peace Corps and the first to include field work in a specifi- cally urban environment.

The New York training is designed to prcparc Volunteers for community development under the auspices of CARE in eight cities of Colombia.

Assignments in Colombia will include work in initiating and develop- ing neighborhood self-help projccts and in hclping to estnblish programs in adul t education, home economics, health education, child care, and recreation.

Assirnments Vary Training assignments in New York

vary according to the kind of work the Voluntcers will do in the field, but most assignments a r e in Spanish- speaking neighborhoods.

Tho city's Departments of Hcalth and Welfare and thc Neighborhood Conservation Bureau of the Redevel- opment Board a r e supervising the training.

Pakistan Proiec Of Rice Worth

A rice crop valued a t three-quarters of a million dollars was saved by a flood-control project organized by a n American serving in Eas t Pakistan.

The Pakistani press reported t h a t the director of the Academy f o r Vil- luge Development in Comilla gave credit to Peaee Corps Volunteer Robert Burns for saving the rice crop for the first t ime in seven years and a t a time when other a reas of Eas t Pakistan were undergoing the worst flooding in history.

Cntnlyst for Project The press reported t h a t Burns did

the engincering work and served a s cntalyst for the project in which 1000 villagers built dams, culverts, and reg- ulators tha t saved their own crops.

Dr. Akhter Hamced Khan, director of the academy, conservatively places thc value of the crops saved a t $750.- 000. Burns i s serving a s irrigation director a t the academy, set u p to as-

0 l(162. New York Hcrnld Tribvnc Inc. Rcprodueed with ~crmission

They a re assisted by 10 private centers, welfare homes, and shelters agencies, including the American and day centers for the agcd. ~ ~ i ~ ~ d ~ service conlmitke and sev- Although s o m e observers have

era1 settlement houses. treated with skepticism this new Peace Corps approach to training (see

Working directly with the staffs of cu t ) , most editorial comment in New these welfare agencies, the trainees york newspapers h a s favored it. a re engaged in such projects a s adult Mayor Wagner expressed New York's education, recreation for all age desire to co-operate with the Peace groups, housing rehabilitation, paint- Corps and offered the services of city ing, carpentry, and r a t control, and departments and various voluntary in helping families to make use of agencies. health services. Other trainees have been assigned to children's day-care

Pakistan Volunteers

:t Saves Crop Attend Conference Eas t Pakistan Volunteers \\.ere re-

$750,800 cently called to Dacca for their second conference since beginning service there.

sist rural development through re- search and training, and through di- rection of pilot projects in a hundred- square-mile area.

The Dailu I t t a j a q , a n English- language Pakistani newspaper, reports: "The manner in which the Peace Corps \'olunteers have been im- part ing knowledge and encouraging the villagers in the various fields of constructing gates, mechanized culti- vation, maintenance of poultry, man- aging co-operatives, and the hard labor they a re undertaking is highly praiseworthy.

'Dirty Clothes' "Some of then1 a r e seen working

throughout days and even a t nights with dirty and muddy clothes.,

"Among them Mr. [V o l u n t e e r Lloyd] Goodson, the tractor engineer, was much praised by all," the paper said.

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The Voluntecrs discussed and com- pared projects ilnd studied new areas of Pakistani life.

The Volunteers had current-events discussions led by a political scientist from Dacca University, and heard lec- tures on Bengali language and cul- ture.

During the conference, the Volun- teers gave, a tea f o r their Pakistani host famihes, thc Americans offerctl barbershop harmony in exchange for Pakistani folk dancing by their guests.

One field t r ip took the Volunteers to the world's largest jute mill f o r a guided tour.

Before returning to their posts f o r their sccond year of work, some Vol- unteers found time for hikes into the hills to visit villages.

Six hikers spent three days on foot and were warmly received along the way by hill pcople who treated them to tribal songs in return for rcndi- tions of American music.

Peace Corps Idea Weighed I The "Peace Corps idea" is rapidly Puerto Rieo.

catching on in both developed and Forty-three nations attended the underdeveloped nations. conference, which was sponsored and

This was perhaps the most signifi- organized by the Peace Corps. cant fact to come out of the confer- Several nations chose the occasion ence on "Human Skills in the Decade to announce tha t they a re beginning of Developn~ent" held Oct. 10-12 in Peace Corps-type programs of their

WILLIE WALES (right) needed spare parts in order to put grain combine back in service in time for this year's harvesting in El Salvador.

-,. ~ . host-country technical institutions.

Peter Sigourncy, teacher of machine-shop theory a t the Technical

Willie Wales, a former farm- equipment factory representative now teaching in the farm-machinery shop of the Nntionnl School of Agriculture in San Andres, El Salvador, found a g rea t deal of equipment out of service f o r lack of replacement pnrts.

I n order to repair a grain combine,

PETER SIGOURNEY, shown here with student, needed machine tools.

Wales appealed to the E l Salvador office of John Deere & Co., which agreed to supply the necessary parts. The school's combine can now be in service f o r this year's rice harvest.

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>y 43 Nations' own.

These included West Germany, Denmark, Norway, and Belgium, all of which will form volunteer programs for service overseas. Moreover, Jamaica, Chile, and Honduras an- nounced plans to form their own domestic Peace Corps. Two other nations, Colombia and El Salvador, in- dicated tha t they a re planning similar moves.

I n a dinner address to the conference, Director Sargent Shriver an - nounced that the Peace Corps "stands ready to assist" thcse and any other nations t h a t wish to take such a movc. In such instances, he said, Peace Corps advisers will be made available if requested.

At the conclusion of the conference, an interim secretariat was established to continue an international exchange of information on volunteer assistance and on-the-job training programs.

The U. S. delegation was headed by Vice President Lyndon Johnson.

Need Pen-Pals? U.S. Children Are Ready to Write

Any Volunteer abroad o r any American a t home who wants to make contacts for correspondence or f o r support of the Peace Corps effort i s invited to send the Peace Corps his name. Included in the invitation a r e individuals and groups, schools and communities wanting to establish contact with a counterpart across the seas.

The Peace Corps Community Rela- tions Section is particularly interested in hearing from: . Volunteers overseas who know of elementary- 01. secondary-school students wanting U.S. pen-pals; many American children want to correspond with children abroad. . Persons wanting to promote a two-way affiliation between a school,

- village, or city where a Volunteer is located and a counterpart in the U.S. . Those knowing of persons in the U.S. (perhaps Volunteers' relatives o r friends) wanting to serve a s volun- t a r y speakers for the Peace Corps, to form a high-school Peace Corps club, or to help to farm a Peace Corps Serv- ice Organization-a local, adult organization to aid the work of the Peace Corps.

For information, write the Comniu- nity Relations Section, Peace Corps, Washington 25, D.C.

Conlsress OKs $59 Million for Peace ,Corps

In the next-to-last week before ad- journment, Congress voted the Peace Corps an appropiation of $59 million for fiscal 1963. This wag $4,750,000 less than President Kennedy had requested i n his budget message early this year.

Like all money bills, the Peace Corps appropriation measure had to wcnd its way through a labyrinth of congrcssional committees before i t was approved.

Firs t , to obtain authorization f o r the mensure, Peace Corps Director Sargent Shriver had to make sepa- rate appearances before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Foreign Affairs Committee.

Plans for Yenr

Shriver told the senators and rep- resentatives tha t the Peace Corps planned to do in its second year ex- actly what i t had done in i ts first year -recruit, t ra in, and send overseas 5000 Vo1unteel.s-while continuing to provide for the 5000 already in service.

I n the course of the hearings and a t other times, praise f o r the Peace Corps ilnd i t s director came from both Deniocrirtic and Republican Icgisla- tors, including some who had been skeotical of the Peace Coros. One of these tvus Sen. Barry ~ o l j w a t e r (R., Aris.), who said:

"I think the Peaee Corps is beginning to remove doubts from the doubters' minds. I have been impressed with the quality of young men i ~ n d womcn t h a t have been going into it. At first I thought that i t would advance work for a group of beatniks, but this is not so. As a businessman, I know tha t the two years' overseas experience will be invaluable and rewarding. I'll back i t all the way."

New Hearings Soon af ter the House and Senate

had authorized the funds (funds mus t first be authorized, then be appro- priated), hearings before appropria- tions committees began. '

Bcforc the House subeo~nmittee on foreign nppropriations, the Peace Corps and Shriver fared not so well. Subcommittee chairman Otto Pass- man (D., La.) fel t t h a t the Peace Corps was sending overseas tcachers needed a t home.

The following article was printed in the Malaya Volunteers' news lener, Subsisfence, of September, 1962.

"'Twas Brillig, and the Slithy Toves

Did Gyre and Gimble in the Wabe, . . . 11

An Editorial

It was reassuring to learn tha t the Pcace Corps budget request of $63 million was approved and passed by both houses recently. [The Peace Corps appropriation, f o r 59-not 63-million dollars, was not passed by Congress until October. See column l. -THE VOLUNTEER] This news was encouraging not only because i t menns t h a t the Peace Corps has widespread senatorial nnd congressional approval and will he able to continue its work unham- pered by lack of sufficient funds, but also because i t means t h a t all Volunteers in the field and prospective Volunteers will continue to receive their handbooks, guidebooks, rulebooks, newsletters, re- prints, minutes, radio scripts, and biographical data on the woman hired recently to clean the ladies' restroom in the PC/W offices.

It is also heartwarming indeed to know thnt this increased budget will make i t possible to expand the copywriting and pub- lishing capacity of the information section. There h a s begun in Washington a widespread search f o r talented ex-newspaper reporters who will be hired, in turn, to begin a widespread search f o r talent and news among PCV's. The result of all this will probably be n newsletter thnt resembles a cross between Man's Advontzirc and the Homantakeva' G ~ ~ i d e . A feature article might be captioned: "How I Overcame the Local Girls' Shyness" by a PCV. Also featured might be a "Handy Hints" column with a "prize for an improvise" and giving such lively tips a s to how one might roll his own toilet paper.

No longer will we have to look forward to temporary subscrip- tions to Time and Life, for this marr iage of bureaucracy and journalism is sure to give birth to the very latest in slick cover magazines. I t will contain beautifully-colored (suitable f o r framing) pictures of Volunteers a t work and a t play, a "Volun- teer of the Year" cover, a fold-out picture of the "Representative , of the Month," and a travel section listing how and where yon can travel on US $5.00 per day.

Another pleasant thought to be derived from all of this is the hope tha t perhaps with 120 or so people in Malaya and all thcsr roving reporters, perhaps Malaya will be written up. O * I t is beginning to look a s if all the "bearded beatniks" a r e to bo re- placed by the "people in search of recognition and limelight."

Shriver said t h a t the Peace Corps was sending abroad a s tcachers many persons qualified f o r the jobs averscas but not "certified" to teach in the U.S. Teaching overseas may stimulate these persons to wnnt to teach in the U.S. an their re turn, he said, and the Peaee Corps might thus be helping to increase the number of teachers in the U.S.

In the end, the Passman subcommittee, which was carving hundreds of millions off the big foreign-aid bill. cu t $11,750,000 off the Peace Corps

bill. The House concurred with the Passman subcommittee.

bleanwhile, the Senate appropria- tions committee and the Senate it. self had voted the Pcace Corps the . full $63,750,000.

A conference of senators and rep- resentatives then agreed on a com- promise figure of $59,000,000, and this figure was approved by both Housc and Senate.

Fiscal 1963 runs from July 1, 1962, to J u n e 30. 1963.

Shriver Reports on For East Visit to Volunteers By Sarpent Shrirer many Asian leaders about the ability

For five weeks during August and Septcmbev I toured the F a r Eas t to find out how the Volunteers were actually performing on the job. Many of then1 had been over there for a year, and i t seemed to me tha t af ter B year's time we should be able to draw some conclusions nbout the quality of their performance.

I learned a great deal about the Volunteers and their living and working conditions, and nbout how the host countries feel about the Vol- unteers.

At the time of my visit we had about 450 Volunteers who hall been in the P n r Eas t fov six months to a year, iund more were arriving.

Talked to 300 I saw more than 300 Volunteers,

sonlc of them in big meetings, but n~ost ly in indi\'idual encounters, by spending the night in houses they were living in, by having lunch with two or thvee of them, by travelling to the locations where they a re serving in small villages and towns.

Along with me on the trip were Public Information Chief Douglas Kiker; D 1.. Joseph English, chicf Peace Corps psychiatric consultant; ~ i l l i a n l Kelly, chief of the Peace Corps Divi- sion of Contracts and Logistics, and Richard Graham, acting associate director of the Officc of Public Affairs.

Within the Philippines, Thailand, Malaya, end No~. th Bornco and Sari~mak, we travelled about 10,000 nliles by airplane, helicopter, or jeep. I can sum up my impressions by four conclusions.

Desl~ite the original skepticism of Inany people in our country and of

of .imericans to live in Asinn villages, to live in Asian houses, and to eat Asian food, the Volunteers a re doing everything t h a t we said they would do.

They a re living in Asian houses. A number of them live in nipa-and-bamboo houses and sleep without mat- tresses on beds made of rat tan wicker. Some Volunteers, of course, live better than that , but many of them live in conditions like those I have described.

Second, they speak the native language. They speak Tagalog and Visityan in the Philippines. They speak Thai. They speak Malay. Even the ones who just got off the airplane in Borneo were able to go into a tiny village-and I was with them a t the time-and walk up to the villagers and make themselves understood in Bahasa Malay.

Eating the Food Third. the Volunteers a re eating

the food and, for the most pal.t, thviving on it. Io Thailand, 1 asked one fellow how he was getting along on rice. He told me that af ter eight months of it , he hnrl a longing for something else. On a brief lcavc, he went to Bangkok and had a rvestern- type meal, he told me, and the next day he xvas sick from having eaten steak and potatoes.

The medical ~.ecord of Volunteers in Thailand and Malaya is almost un- believably goorl. We have had no serious sickness, and nearly 90 pet. of the Volunteers a re living in towns o r villages or, a t best, provincial capitals.

Last, the Volunteers a r e doing

HAPPY REUNION war shored by Peoce Corps Director Sorgent Shriver a n d Volunteers from Bongkok ond neorby provinces following Shriver's orrivol for o five-doy visit to Thoilond.

their jab, and they a re popular and respected.

I ~emembev one incident a t a town in Thailand. The American ambas- sador and I flew in by helicopter to visit a teaeher-training school where there is one Volunteer working. All the students and townspeople turned out for our arrival, including the mayor and other officials.

The Volunteer introduced the am- bassador and me first to the entire faculty of the institution and then to all the officials of the town, and he didn't miss a name.

I t rvas stupendous display. Those Thai names a r e long and a re hard to pronounce, and this fellow knew every one of them. This man, typical of the Volunteers I saw, is very popular in tha t town.

Nursc's Work Then there was the girl we met

who was doing her job nhi~ost too well. She was the sole nurse in charge of 80 leprosy patients a t a hospital in Malaya.

On her owl1 initiative, she fittell out a vehicle with merlicines and journeyed out to villages 20 to 40 miles from her hospital. She found 700 additional cases of leprosy, and she was told to stop her trips because the hospital could no t handle the cases.

In each country I visited, I had the good fortune to have a long meeting with the chief official of the country: President Macapagal of the Philip- pines; Marshal Sarit , the prime minister of Thailand; Tengku Abdul Rahman, the prime minister of Malaya, and Sir William Goode, the British governor of Borneo.

Every one of these men was enthusiastic about the Peace Corps and asked me to send more Volunteers to serve in his country.

The prime minister of Malaya suggested, in fact, t h a t his country produce a documentary film on the Peace Corps in Malaya for exhibition in Malaya, and then-if we wanted i t -for exhibition in the United States.

llale in Film He told me t h a t he himself would

like to appear in this film to tell why / he thinks the Peace Corps i s such a good thing for Southeast Asia.

To me, this was about the best endorsement we could possibly have: the Malayans want to spend their money to talk about the Pence Corps in tha t country.

Another example of the effect of the Peace Corps abroad occurred in Thailand.

J u s t before my departure, I expected to hold a press conference a t the American embassy. Thai govern-

SERIOUS SESSION engaged Director ~- ' 1 Shriver (in dork shirt in right fore- ground) a s he discusses the Peace Corps ond experiences of his For East trip with North Borneo Volunteers a few doys after their arrival.

ment people heard of the plan, and insisted tha t I meet the press a t the headquarters of the Thailand Tem- porary Economic Committee.

A t the press Gonference, the man- aging director of the Thai agency s a t ncxt to me, in a sense endorsing everything I said about the Peace Corps in his country.

His gesture was a g rea t compli- SKIRTING A PUDDLE, Shriver walks through rain to disabled Land Rover, He and his cO'leagues feel that in 0 ditch for the second time on the round trip from Kota Belud to Mile Ten, the Peace Corps is a p a r t of their

orgnnjza t ion rathot than a Dart of North Borneo, to visit Volunteers. R U.S. mission abroad.

Plans Changed My companions and I intended to

close our tour a t Singapore, and fly home from there. While we were there, however, I received a message tha t President Sukarna of Indonesia woold like to talk to me about the Peace Corps.

We spent a week in Indonesia. A t the conclusion of our visit, President Sukitrno told me I could tell the press t h a t there was no doubt tha t the Peacc Corps was coming to Indonesia.

I have one last anecdote. A nurse in a Philippine hospital, where Dr. English had a n appendectomy, did not comprehend the words Peaco Corps.

But then whcn she was told the names of same Volunteers who had been treated a t the hospital, her eyes brightened and she said, "Oh, you mean the Americans from the country?" referring to the Volunteers photo: B I X ~ star

worLing in ''''11 areas* she made FLOODED RIVER washed out roods and forced the Shriver party to toke to thc tliu~iihs-up gesture. She did not know what the a raft on the return trip from Koto Belud to Jesselton, the capitol of North

corps was, real]y, b u t she line,,. these Borneo. On the raft o r e Dr. Joseph English, chief Peace Corps psychiatric people a s representing something consultant (with camera); Mrs. John Landgrof, wife of the Peace Corps Repre- tha t was to her atlmirable about our sentative in North Borneo; William Kelly, chief of the Division of Contracts country. a n d Logistics, and John Landgrof. Shriver is a t extreme left.

'Group education through physical projects' is a job requiring friendliness, creativity, and patience

The first Volunteers in Colombia had been on the job for eight months when their work was interrupted. While Colombia was holding national elections, the Volunteers were gath- ered for "think and talk" sessions away from the political arena.

Now there was time to swap stories, to complain, to relax, to review the successes and come to terms with some of the disappointments of rural community-development work.

They asked themselves what they had accomplished since coming to Colombia in September, 1961.

The Volunteers work as employees of the n a t i o n a 1 Division dc Accion Co~nu?ral. They a re under the ad- lninistrntion of CARE (Committee for American Relief Everywhere), which has its biggest Latin Ameriean operation in Colombia and has been netivc in con~munity development there f o r years.

concisely pu t it, "Communi'ty action is a system of group education through physical projects." The Vol- unteers live and work in the veredas, or villages, not only to help the people build "physical projects" but also to introduce the concept of local self- reliance through democratic group action.

Slow Process The Volunteers have found t h a t en-

couraging community action is a slow process. A s John Arango said, "It takes a long time to make your own personality felt, and i t takes a lot longer than you may think to ge t a school or some other project built."

Until recently, few C ~ ~ I L ~ L I S ~ ~ ~ O S , the rural residents of Colombia, had ever heard of community action. Few who had heard of i t understood what i t lneant o r how it worked. How do the Volunteers put their ideas over? There are guidelines bu t no rules. One

F i r s t North -4mericans Volunteer commented tha t "conmu- nity action is never the same in two

Many Volunteers a re stationed in ,,laces; you must adapt, alter, villages where no North American has .,,d innovate as the area requires." cver been before, and all have had to I,, ~ ~ l ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ on all speak Spanish in pursuit of their work. eets must three ,,rob.

The Volunteers' task is to help wean l e n ~ s : the land, the weather, and the the country people from dependence harvest. on paternalism by stimulating them Rocky and mountainous land ham- to undertake such self-help building pers the Volunteer's mobility (mules projects a s roads, schools, bridges, and horses move a t a slow pace), let latrines, or aqueducts, with mechani- alone the transportation of heavy ma- cal and material aid from the Colom- terials to building projects. bian government. When rain comes, transportation al-

But the ultimate goal of community most stops and heavy machinery bogs action goes f a r past mere community down. Rain means tha t projects must improvements. As one Volunteer be postponed, and when they can be

8

resumed, i t may be time f o r the coffee harvest. This means even moEe post- ponements.

Most Volunteers soon realized t h a t the first step everywhere was to ignite the imagination of the cam- pcsinos.

Prerequisite to any community action is the formation of a jlatta, o r citizens' committee. In a few vcrndas, where Colombian Accion C o $ > ~ t ~ n a l workers had introduced the concept, jzaztas were already a t work. But, i n most voredas, the idea of getting together for community action was to- tally new, and the Volunteers had to s t a r t from scratch.

How To Do I t Here is how Jim Tenaglia described

it: "To organize the junta, you have to do a lot of preliminary work, mostly visiting each family in the vcreda and explaining t h a t a good job of community action depends on a well- ol.ganized vereda. You tell them t h a t meetings must be run in an orderly fashion, and that officers a r e needed to keep order 'and take care of the paper work and co-ordination.

"Then, a t the first meeting of the j ru~ta , if a good representation from the community is present, you hold elections for officers, a t the same time explaining that the officers a re NOT the junta; rather, the junta consists of every member of the community, and the officers a re just the govern- ing body and co-ordinators.

"Actually," Jim concluded, "this- not ' the projects you uodertake-is t h e r e a l eornmunit)=development work.

"If the people a r e well organized and can carry on projects af ter you leave-this is the real measure of

HELPING, Volunteer Ron Atwoter (third from leh in far-left photo) passes blocks in village's wall project.

WORKING, three Volunteers (left in middle photo) a n d co-worker help villagers roof schoolhouse.

TALKING, Volunteer George Kroon addresses villagers o t a community- development meeting.

"Often the people do not feel any responsibility to improve their communities," one Volunteer explained.

"In the past when a locnl government h a s approved money to build schools o r aqueducts, i t has bcen strictly paternalistic in policy. They have hired men to go in rind put up the school o r aqueduct without con- sulting the people beforehnnd. One day, walking along, they discover a new aqueduct in their v c ~ e d n .

"The local officials do not oppose the principles of comnlunity action. There is sinlply lack of understanding."

Handouts Expected T h e school o r the road may have

been built. But the people had no your success or failure, not how many and the lower level ( the people) often share in it. I t is natural tha t they schools or roads or hezlth centers you is hampered by lack of locally devel- now si t back and wait f o r handouts. build." oped authority. As another Volunteer said. "If the"

Thus the day-to-day success of community action can be measured by the people's response to the concept of the j~ni la and to the projects undertaken. The real test, a s Jim points out, is whether the people can and will pur- sue community action without nudg- ing from the Volunteers and their co- workers, the Colombian pro?notores.

The cn?npesino therefore believes himself detached from the officials and the landowners and their decisions. The result is tha t he rarely under- stands how people brought in by the government, such a s Peace Corps Vol- unteers, can benefit him directly. He may be friendly and gracious, a s a r e most Colombians. But he may not work.

~-. ~~~~~ ~ - - ~~~ -- ----* don't have thei.r hoarts i n i t , the work hns no meaning to them. If they do not feel they a r e belonging and doing for themselves, the people will not work; they willfind another exit."

Dennis Grubb described another example of detachment between official- dom and the cu7npesiizos. IIe wrote tha t the Ministry of Education decided a certain ve?cdo should have a

Construction Begun

Colombia's President Valencia Hails Peace Corps Idea

The following is an excerpt from the inaugural address of Colombia's President Valeneia delivered on August 7, 1962:

"I cannot conclude this superficial analysis of some of Colombia's problems without making special honorable mention of the gallant legion of American young men who, in furthering the Alliance for Progress under the noble title of the Peace Corps, have launched out f rom different par ts of the United States to every corner of America to study, understand, and help her.

"The mission which they are furthering is truly extraordinary and meritorious, worthy of Colombia's deepest gratitude. They make direct contact with our most humble people in our towns and villages; they hear their complaints, understand their anguish,' and stimulate their hopes.

"There is no other action more effective to the service of conti- ncntal integration than this Peace Corps which allows a young man irom Chicago to know the thoughts of a man froni Sabanalarga or Firavitoha.

"With profound respect and intense emotion, a s president of the republic, I render h o a ~ a g e of admiration, of gratitude, and of affection to the members of the Peace Corps who perished in the unfortunate airplane acci~lent in the Choco, and whosc remains were joined together with .nose of our honorable and beloved Colombians in a hollow of the Baudo range.

"In this tragic and grievous event I have seen the greatest pos- sibility for unclel.sti~nding anrl solidarity in our continent, inasmuch s s young Volunteers of thc highest distinction and merit have come to us from the United States to know us, understand us, help us, run our risks, and suffer our vicissitudes anrl dangers. The common tomb of Baudo will be one of the foundations of the new American understanding."

school. The ministry sent construction workers out to build it. Soon the community had a schoolhouse.

E~lthusiastic Reception "As a rule, the people a re very im-

pressed with the pieturc they have received of the U.S. through the Peace Corps.. In our case, it was the first time a North Anleriean had been to their area. They think tha t the U.S. is finally doing something worth whilc in sendlng down young people who a r e willing to take thcil time to help the cu,npcsiao. They a re also impressed tha t we a re doing this job voluntarily.

"We have encountered in our area an attitude of enthusiasm and interest t h a t was more than we had antici- patcd. We have no trouble organizing work days and projects; often 100 people turn out. We often have to act more a s a stabilizer than a s a catalyst: the people would s t a r t four or five projects a t once and wouldn't finish one."

--Jim Gregory

"But af ter one year, the school, originally valued a t 20,000 pesos, was worth 10,000 pesos," he said. "The roof leaked; the windows were ou t ; the building was generally r u n down and getting very little use.

"The people had done some work, but i t didn't mean anything to them. I t had not developed any i ~ r i d c in them. I t was not someth~ng they had wanted and made a decision to go after. Officials in the ministry had merely decided to give it to then,.

"Then a very wise and understanding politician made a speech and told the cu>~~pesiiios tha t from tha t day on, the school was no longer the prop: er ty of the s tate hut was their school.

"About a month later someone came back and found tha t the i>eople had repail-cd the building. They had decided tha t it really was theirs and therefore had taken pride in it. I t was beginning to mean sonicthing to them."

Ronald Yeager described another early view the Colombians had of comniunity aetion :

"The people in our villages have the idea tha t community action is the process by which you take a delegation of the jt~nta to the departmental government or to the national government and beg for money to carry out the projects.

"The veveda wants a dump truck, but without responsible group aetion the truck alone will not improve the road. But the c~7lbl~Csi?t08 don't see beyond the dump truck."

Of his country's people, a pro?xoto? had this to say: "Our cun~pesino has lived in passiveness. He has been exploited by politicians. They have promised but haven't delivered. A grave, very grave factor is paternalism. People expect things to be given to them without milking an effort. They expect them to come a s manna from heaven."

All these complications brought Volunteer Rene Cardenas to a classic understatement: he describes community action a s "not a simple task." He calls i t work tha t requires "the heart of a teachel., the tact of diplo- mat, the mind of a military tech- nician, the ambitions of a poet, the

Photo: Pan Amcricixn Union

work eagerness of a hungry Inborer, and the flexibility of a copper ~vire."

All of thcsc eharactcristics, he added, must he tcmpet.etl by ex;ictly the right alnortnts of humility, creativity, and m;~turity.

His is the thoughtful conelusion that community action is "a system of group education through physical projects.''

"In an area where a school is badly needed, the building itself is impor-

The task in Colombia is great. By and large t h e Volunteers a r e undertaking i t with optimism, vitality, a n d determination. Despite problems of inertia and paternalism, frequent disappointments, discouraging living nnd working conditions, the Volunteers i n Colombia a r e glad they a r e there.

As one Volunteer wrote: "1 never eensc to be amazed a t the atti tude of the people here. They a r e the most fricndly people I have ever met. They will do anything fo r you and they work hard. B u t their a t t i tude is fatalistic. It 's no wonder, when you see w h a t contributes t o this. In my village alone there a r e diseases like TB, malaria, paralysis, parasite in- fections, and malnutrit ion. Impuro wiiter is a problem . . . the death r a t e ilmong children is very high. I have seen women and children carrying water one o r two miles up the side of a mountain t o their mud huts.

Rewarding Experience "No mat te r wha t I say about tho

conditions, i t i s wonderful here. I am having a most rewarding experience. We came to Colombia thinking we knew \%.hat to do to make this coun- t r y a s economiet~lly stable a s the U.S. Now we a r e wondering where to begin.

"Perhaps you a t home might under- s tand a lit t le about the problem, but until you see a mother following the funeral of he r child, o r see s little WORK PARTY digs 0 spillway hole. girl searching through the t r a sh f o r part a peace ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ d aque- ;t pair of discilrtled shoes, all the words in the world p u t on paper by duct to bring water to village of El the best wri ter cannot describe the Chilcol a mountainside source feoling I have developed for thesc people." one kilometer away.

Peace Corps In Colombia

The following g r o u p s are either a t work in Colombia o r scheduled far service there:

Colombia I : Arrived Sept. 6. 1 6 1 58 c a m - munity - development workers (men).

Colombia 11: Arrived Mar. 13, 1962; 4 2 c o m - munity - derel- opment workers (men).

Colon~hia 111: In t r n i n i n g a t C o l u m b i a Uni- versity in New York; arrival in Colombia, N o r . 15, 1962: 79 social w #, r k e r s (womcn) , e o m - munity - d e v e l - opment workers (men), tenchers of soeinl work.

Colombia 1V: To t ra in s t Texas Western College, E l I'asa; arrival in C o l o m b i a e n r l y January, 1963: 32 unirer- sity E n g l i s h teachers, 35 phg- sical education teachers.

EVEN CHILDREN help in projects. These youngsters o re motor organized local people's interest, a n d 60-80 men toting couplings for aqueduct in Sondona municipality. Vol- dug the three-mile trench in o month's time. The Coffee unteers Steve Murray a n d Refugio Rochine with their pro- Federation supplied piping for project.

Photo: B l u k Star

EARNEST DISCUSSION marks much of community-action work. Here Volvnteer RUGGED. Colombia's

Dick Fied1e.r (center) a n d co-worker chat with a Colombian friend. landscape. This village is near Bogota.

Colombia: Accion Comunal

Self -Help Villages Make Job Easier

In community action, success is a relative term. O n e Volunteer, working with a partner in southern Colombia, found his task facilitated becouse of a n existing attitude of the Colombians; furthermore, these two Volunteers hod a fine response to one projeat only indirectly reloted to their moin job.

By Stephen M. Murray The basic reason for what we con-

sidered our f a i r amount of success when we started down here lay in the attitude of the people. Our area, near Sandona, Narino, has had a long history of a form of community action for projects of community benefit.

A certain day or group of days is chosen, and the entire community takcs p a r t in a festive way. The men and boys participate in the labor itself, and the women and girls take charge of the food.

Local Band Assists Amidst the music of a local band

and the stimulus of a locally donated alcoholic beverage, the men work to complete the community project with shovel, pick, and any other tools they may have. We feel tha t \r.ithout the help of this local custom, the progress of our work might have been seriously retarded.

When we arrived a t our site, we found t h a t our pronaotov, or Colom- bian counterpart, was well on his way toward organizing the various communities.

From the beginning, we tried to develop a system in which rve would

attack the most pressing need of our communities through a long-range or large project, while a t the same time attacking the smaller, more easily remedied problems.

F o r the first few weeks, we worked with seven communities which seemed willing to work in solving problems.

Within a few months, however, we had to suspend activities in one vereda because of a lack of interest and because of the inaccessibility of the meeting area. Another area had to be abandoned because of the complete lack of interest or initiative on the p a r t of the people and the local leaders.

Working Projects Of the areas in which we a re work-

ing, three a r e nearing completion of much needed roads. The other two a r e working on an aqueduct to provide fresh water to areas tha t have had to rely on a distant stream t h a t also serves a s a pig wallow and a s a community washing station.

We a re also carrying out plans for "middle-range" projects. We have started a night school for adults a s a kind of educational process tha t we hope will continue beyond our small beginning. This project has brought

us the best co-operation from everybody, from the people themselves u p to the minister of education.

There is a tremendous thirs t f o r a n y type of basic education; so in spite of an inevitable but short period of skepticism o r caution on the par t of the people, we have been very suc- cessful. Since the people realize the value of basic literacy even for their own small business transactions, they a r e enthusiastic, particularly about reading and writing.

Greatest Effect side from the larger community-

action projects, I feel tha t this school is the place in which we can have the greatest effect upon the life of the people.

We have ~ r o j e e t e d two other schools: one for the experimental f a r m on which we live, and one for another of our vercdas.

But we have had a hard time find- ing places to hold classes. In most places the schools a r e in such disre- pair a s to be unusable for our p u r poses.

Lesson From History "I found i t useful to mention in

talking to ca?npesi?ros tha t community benefits are not new ideas a t all. The Incas of South America had a system of community organization which they used to great advantage. Mentioning this pinpoints an example, local and historical. I t ry to avoid mentioning countries in other parts of the world because through a lack of education the camyesino might lose the scope of my plan. Also, he cannot say, 'Sure, i t will work there but not here.' You present him with the fac t t h a t i t did work once before in his country-why not again?"

-Emil G. Steinkrauss

Daily Schedule Flexible; 'Play It by Ear' Is Rule

"There is no such thing a s a typical day or type of schedule for how much time to spend on this or that. We have to play i t by ear."

This is the way Dennis Grubb re- plied when asked to describe a typical day of thc Pence Corps Volunteer in Colombia. The rest of Grubb's an- swer:

"It depends partly on whom you a r e working with. Some of these people ge t up a t 3 o r 4 in the morn- ing, and you usually g e t up about 7:30 o r 8.

Schedule Varies "It depends on what kind of a proj-

ect you a r e working on. From 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., you may be out where the people a re building a school, helping them. A t other times from 8 a.m. to

noon you a r e with the priest, o r you may be spending the day a t the Colom- bian government's Division of Com- munity Action t rying t o get materials.

"In the afternoon you will be talking to the people, with the president of the jaato. You may spend the whole day out visiting and talking to the people in their homes. Some days are completely full.

Long Waits "The most discouraging thing i s

waiting for the engineer tha t has been promised you by a ? ~ a ~ n i c i p i o official fo r a ccrtain day. You may wait five days for him to arrive, but you have to wait so tha t you can show him what is needed.

"I have 17 projects in my village. Some days i t takes half a day to ge t

to one place and see how the work is going. When we go to a site and there is no one therc, we know we have more work to do. We may have to help do some of the actual physical labor-just so long a s we don't make ourselves nothing but f ree labor while the community does nothing.

"We also have n responsibility to the people who provide the money to build a project, such ns a school.

"If the j ? ~ u t o a a r e formed well, if we can get them properly organized, help them to get aid, and ge t them started, we can leave them for a while.

Talking, Pushing "In other ja?rlan we have to spend

much more time, just going from house to house talking with the cam- pcninos. I t may take three o r four weeks to get the people moving. I t depends upon the people and the size of their projects.

"We have to keep talking all the time, trying to stimulate everybody. We never stop. If we do, we get stag- nated. We talk to the agronomist. We talk to the ?,~cjoradora. We talk to the landowners. We talk to the pcr- sowcro. We talk to the people. We have to keep pushing and pushing.

"Our jab is 80 per cent relating to people, and 10 per cent doing physical work."

RICH GROWTH and rough country RABBIT HUTCH is eyed by Peace Corps Representative Christopher Sheldon abound where oil pipeline runs up (holding gate) a n d Volunteer Ira Gwin (left, in hat). The hutch, built for form- to 8600-foot-high Bogota. youth club, is first project of Vilachi, a south Colombion village.

Africa Volunteers Lend Hand to Ily 1)nve Hibbard

Now t h a t several hundred Volun- teers have a year's experience behind them, the Peaee Corps has in these veterans il good source of assistance f a r launching new programs. I was one among seven Nigeria and two Sierra Leone tctlchers who were the first Voluntccrs invited to hclo set up a project in a ~~e ighbor ing country. (For plctures of Liberia Volunteers, see next pagc.)

The nine of us spent two weeks of our August vacations in Liberin, pre- par ing f o r and then orienting thc first Liberia group, which arrived follow- inx ttraininlr a t the University of ~ i t t s b u r g h .

The Liberian project should prove one of the most challenging of the Peace Corps ventures in Africa. In many ways, the Liberia Volunteers will pionccr during their two years a s teachers iu primary and secondary schools.

13due:tl.iun Growing More than 80 Volunteers a re scat-

tcred all over the country, serving in a n educntionnl systenl which is now in a period of expansion and marlerniza- tion. Many towns and villages have just built schools. I n some of them, the Volnnteers, stationed in twos, makc up half the school staff.

Two weeks before the arr ival i n Liberia of the new Volunteers, Dorothy Hassfeld, Scott Pearson, Randy Longcore, Arlene and Don Goodyear, Joel Splansky and I ar-

rived fl.0111 Nigeria. Joan Hcvo and Rochelle Clifton came from Sierra Leone.

We felt a s if we were beginning our Peace Corps tours all aver again. Our first job \\.as to prepare and equip houses ivhich were rented fo r the Volunteers.

Mountains of equipment, which Volunteers \r.ould not be able to pur- chase in the interior, cahc in to stock the Peace Corps \\.arehouse.

We spent several days putting together individual households of equipment: everything from I~eroscne stoves to charcoal irons to mosquito nets.

Lonz Journeys Many sets of household equipment

had to be taken to f a r corners of the interior. One mission took some of us six days on the road. Other household sets were shipped down the coast by freighter and transferred t o surf boat to reach their destinations.

Because some of the coastal towns lack through roads, we had to fly in to check the safe arr ival of our ship- ments. The Volunteers stationed in these isolated coastal towns \r.ill have radios to keep them in contact with Monrovia.

The new \'olunteers arrivctl while distribution of households was still in progress, and some of our energies were diverted to their orientation s z - sion. \Ye took on such respkmsibilities a s arranging a week-end in Monrovia

Chile's Radio School Beams

Programs to Farm Children Forty-thrce radio stations in Chile

are carrying educational programs into rural classrooms in more than 1300 schools to help instruct f a r m children, reports Volunteer Bill Fox, who is working fo r the Radio Escuela (radio school), a department of the Institute of Rural Education in Santiago.

Programs a r e designed to assist ru ra l instructors, who may subscribe to these low-cost lesson-programs. Aimed a t students in the las t two years of pr imary school, the programs -usually in dramatic f o r m-are broadcast a s introductions rather than

, a s conlplete lessons. F o r exi~mple, a program miry be

about a boy who has injured his foot. The boy meets a city doctor who tells

him tha t his foot can be treated with medicine from a first-aid kit.

A t tha t point, the broadcast ends, leaving the listeners full of questions: What i s a first-aid kit? What is in i t ? How does i t work?

The instructor then has a s tar t ing point and a roomful of attentive pupils fo r the lesson. Radio Escuela supplies printed teaching guides fo r use with caeh lesson.

Bill has been visiting ru ra l schools to help enlarge Radio Escuela's audi- ence and so f a r has added 68 schools to the roster. With the help of his mother, Mrs. Harold Fox of Chicago, Bill has launched a drive to collect radios in the United States fo r children in the poorest areas of Chile.

Liberia Arrivals a t the homes of Liberians and Ameri- cans fo r the new arrivals.

These two weeks were very important to us. \Ire got to know some Liberians and many Volunteers.

We gained a broader view of Peaee Corps operations, and we returned to begin our second year in Nigeria with renerved enthusiasm for our projects, fo r Africa, and fo r the Peace Corps.

UN Project ( C o ? ~ l , i ~ n ~ e d f ~ o ? i s pogc 1 )

teers could serve effecti\.ely, Con- gress g'tve permission f o r assignment of 125 Volunteers.

Over opposition of the Soviet bloc, the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in August, 1961, approved a resolution permitting Voluntccrs t o work with UN agencies. Then two more obstacles remained.

The UN agencies could not absorb the cost of servicing Volunteers in the field, anrl no method of paying the agencies to provide such servicing proved feasible, particularly in light of cong~.essional feeling t h a t this would indirectly increase U.S. appro- priations to the UN.

The second obstacle, tha t of Vol- unteers' status, was found in the ECOSOC stipulation tha t Volunteers would have the s ta tus of international civil servants, with the legal immuni- ties anrl duty-free import ~xivileges normally a c c o r d e d UN personnel. These privileges were not, however, consistent with the Peace Corps phil- osophy requiring Volunteers to be subject to host-county law.

Two Obstacles

The two obstacles finally were overcome last March, when a n agreement was signed with F A 0 providing tha t in F A 0 projects F A 0 would supervise the work itself but tha t the Peace Corps would have t h e usual responsibility for Volunteers' personal behavior, mode of living, and other off-the-jab aspects of their service. Under the F A 0 agreement, the Peace Corps also provides administrative and logistical support.

The Peace Corps expects t o undertake other F A 0 projects in the con)- ing months, and the congressional limit of 125 Volunteers f o r UN agencies probably will be reached in F A 0 projects.

ii 2 . . . ___-_ ~ -1 "CHEQUERS" interests spectotors 0s well or Volunteer Stephen Hirst and partner, engrossed in Africon form of the gome.

Liberia From Monrovio to remote villages, some accessible only by oir or boot, 90 Peace Corps teochers ore odding to present Li- berian teaching forte: 2300 for 80,000 students.

RRIMARY-SCHOOL TEACHER Kiyo Mossengole discusses orithmetic with inquiring pupils. Kiyo ond her husbond, Russell, teoch in River Cess, o villoge which must communicate with outside cities by radio.

DRAWING WATER for cooking, Stephen Hirst works ot well in front of outbuilding behind his home.

BARGAINING FOR BANANA-LIKE PLANTAIN in front of Africon shelter, Lois Hirst trodes with neighbors. Groduotes of Ohio University, she and her husbond teoch in town of Topeto.

Photos: Rliaek Stnr GETTING TO KNOW VILLAGERS and practicing the Kpelle language, Carol and Dovid Smith tolk with aroin vendors and loundrv women in - Gborngo. The Smiths buy their food in local markets.

Do You Talk To Yourself? Put It on Tape

American radio stations a re request- ing five-minute tape-recorded inter- views and monologues by Volunteers.

Each Volunteer who h a s access to a tape recorder can quickly fill the need for such material which tells in personal terms how Volunteers a re far ing abroad.

Will you help? Here is what you d e o n tape :

Identify yourself by name, home town, s tate , present location, and the nature of your assignment.

Then, just a s though you were chatting with a friend, spell out t h e nature of your work, how you live, the kinds of food you eat, the problems you have, the relationships with your neighbors, how you spend your off-duty hours, and anything else you think would interest a friend.

Humor, Anecdotes Good anecdotes, humor, qnickly-

told i n c i d e n t s a l l a re desirable. Make a s many tapes a s you wish,

but be sure t h a t each runs only five minutes, tha t each "tells a story," and tha t each identifies you clearly.

Tape-record a t any speed; work in background sounds (chatter, music, a ceremony in progress) ; record on only one side of the tape; be sure to play back your recording before mailing it so you can hear tha t the sound i s clear and not fuzzy or blurred. Then mail the tape to:

Norman Shuvin Public Information Division Peace Corps Washington 25, D.C. Again: Public Information can use

a s many tapes a s you can send. You may want to devote each tape

to one story o r one aspect of your work.

Fine! But consider each tape a n entity jn itself, clearly comprehensible to anyone who has not heard any previous tapes.

Test Mark Takes Jump .A record 4341 applicants for the

Peace Corps took the placement test which was offered on Sept. 29 a t 500 locations throughout the United States and from Guam to the Virgin Islands.

The previous record of slightly over 4000 was held by the very first round of tests given shortly af ter the Peace Corps was organized.

FREE HOURS ARE FULL for Volunteer Kathy Connolly, who uses her spare time to work with crippled orphans three tiines a week while she is off duty a s o teacher a t the National School of Nursing in La Paz, Bolivia.

Moth (Scratch) Invasion Brings Lumps (Itch, Scratch) to Ghana

An army of moths brought with them a scratchy problem during an invasion of thrce Ghanaian villages where Volunteers a re teaching.

Tiny scales from the wings and bodies of the moths flew off and settled everywhere. On contact with human skin, the scales brought-as the Peace Corps medical report put it-"der- matitis with urticaria and a great deal of pruritus." This means: in- flammation of the skin with great welts and a furious itchiness.

Even, indoors, the Volunteers could find no escape; a s the moths fiapped against the screens, the scales floated through the mesh and settled on furni- ture i n d clothing. A bare a rm placed on a chair's armrest would develop itchy welts within 30 minutes.

No Collection The Peace Corps physician, William

Chin, arrived on the scene t m late, a s he pu t it, to do any real investi- gation or collection of specimens.

Dr. Chin did, however, take one specimen back to Accra for experi- mentation on himself. He covered one a r m with a lotlon he thought might ward off the rash ; then he pu t scales on his anointed a r m a s well a s on his bare arm.

Did science triumph again? Nope. "For the next l1% weeks, I scratched

and suffered," he said, adding tha t the

lotion might have had some value. He thought of experimenting with

a powder, but the thought of the potential discomfort dissuaded him.

His Prescription For his patients, Dr. Chin pre-

scribed frequent washing of exposetl skin, external and internal use of anti-itch medications, and a largc dose of grin-and-bear-it.

The plague of moths, members of the family of tussock moths (mostly known as leaf eaters), lasted about two weeks.

His Shoulder Hurt, Not His Tongue

Shortly before the group of Ceylon Volunteers was to leave the United States in September, Jim Herbert, a physical education teacher, fractured his shoulder. Special treatment for his injury required him to stay in the U.S. for six weeks.

Jim's training officer, intent on keeping up Jim's study of the Singhalese language, found him a teacher: a Ceylonese Buddhist monk who is studying a t Yale, near Jim's home. So Jim is learning his Singhalese, and when his shoulder i s mended, he will go on to Ceylon, ready to teach-and to talk.

The Communist press throughout the world has launched a major assault against the Peace Corps. The attack consists of a n intensified barrage of anti-Peace Corps articles and editorials which usually appear , first of all. in selected Communist publications and in broadcasts aver Communist radio stations. Other Communist papers in other nations then reprint the articles a s examples of "what people a r e thinking1' in the nations where the attacks first appeared.

Occasionally, the attacks a r e reprinted-ar even origi- noted-in non-Communist periodicals whose editors feel impelled to "balance" o n already-published pro-Western article with a Communist-inspired attack on the West.

Volunteers have read in local papers that they a r e "agents of the Central Intelligence Agency" o r "the advance of a new wave of colonialism" or "idle laungers in the cafes."

Fallowing is a sampling of the Communist propaganda wove which has washed all the way into the infarmotion aftice of the Peace Corps in Washington:

The U.S. Peace Corps has been very active in southeast Asia. Sargent Shriver, President Kennedy's brother- in-lnw, in n rceent visit to Bangkok spoke a great deal about pence, international co-operation and U.S. good will f o r the people of southeast Asia. This was accompanied by two large detachments of Thai troops led by American advisers.

Cambodian border troops resisted this invasion and blood was shed. These two incidents of sweet speeches by the Peace Corps envoy and military provocations against small, neutral Cambodia a r e not accidental. Both a r e typical of U.S. policy toward southeast Asian countries. To implement this policy, Washington has se t u p two organizations which work together-the Peace Corps and the Special Task Force.

What is the Peace Corps and what a re its objectives? Officially, i t is composed of young, energetic, and well- educated Volunteers. They a re supposed to help the Afro- Asian countries in the fields of industry, education, and medical services. * * " Actually, things tu rn out quite differently. Most of the Peace Corps Volunteers a re U.S. servicemen. This in itself is suspicious. * *

-Ivan Arbatov commenting on a Radio Moscou. broadcast beamed to southeast Asia

Moscow, Sept. 22-The Moscow newspaper Sovietskaya llossia said yesterday Ulat. American "Peace Carps" Volun- teers in Pakistan "spend most of their time in restaurants and bars and shun the working people." * *

-Lahore (Pakistan) Civil and Military Gazette

Peking, Aug. 6-The U.S. Peace Corps has become notorious and is denounced and.boycotted wherever i t goes, says an article in the Ktuaagnring Daily today.

Kennedy's "Peace Corps') is n "medley developed from the old colonialist formula of invasions: missionaries-mer- chants-troops," the article says. "It is both a variant of salesmanship f o r the American monopolists and a new-type

fifth column of the Pentagon and the U.S. Central Intel- ligence Agency. I t s mission is to export counterrevolution

< Ism. on behalf of U.S. i m p e r i ~ l ' Thc article recalls the Peace Corps' vicious maneuvers

abroad in the.past ycar and more since its introduction to other countries." * In Africa, the article points out, their sinister designs have been repeatedly exposed." *

Kennedy's "Peace Corps" has also incurred odium in Latin,America, the article continucs. The Chilean paper El Siglo has said t h a t these American "Volunteers" form, on s world-wide scale, a new-type espionage organization whose main purpose is "to report on the conditions of the places where they work, carry out open espionage activities, engineer confusion, and paralyze the masses politically and ideologically."

-Peking broadcast in English to Asia and Europe

I n the demonstration held a feu. weeks ago by New York residents in protest against the Kennedy Administrn- tion's organizing hired troops to invade Cuba, there was nn eye-catching placard bearing the words "Kennedy's Pence Corps" on one side and on the other a picture of nn Americnn bomber dropping bombs over Cuba. A simple medium of expression, but how porverfully it exposes Kennedy's peace tricks.

-From a I'eking broadcast in English to Eas t Africa

The West describes crocodiles a s hypocrites because they say tha t they cry when they see people a t a distance, but bite when they a r e close. Soon irfter Kennedy took office, he rushed to institute what he called "a new attitudc with regard to world relations." One of the results of the "new attitude" is the Peace Corps. Kennedy's Peacc Corps plays the hypocritical tricks of the crocodile. * *

According to U.S. official statements, these "high quality" Peace Corps members will work mainly in undcr- developed countries in the fields of education, health, and hygiene, rural area exploitation and technical fields. What a tender heart!

-From a Peking broadcast in Spanish to South America

Funny Coincidence Dept. The U.S. Congress h a s

just voted a whopping $63,000,000 appropriation f o r thc Kennedy Admin- istration's P e a c e Corps. Founded something over a year ago, the corps has been described a s a "noble enterprise" - and also a "boondoggle." but m o r e people call i t a "cold w a r C O ~ P S " or a "spy corps." I t has been exposed a s W a s h i n e t o n ' s "Fifth Column" to infiltrate the underdeveloped countries. * $ .

The U.S. Congress has just voted a whopping $63,750,000 appropriation for the Kennedy Admin- istration's Peace Corps. Founded something over u year ago, the corps has been described a s a "noble enterprise2'- and also a "boondoggle," but m o r e people call i t a "cold war corps" o r a "spy corps." I t has been exposcd a s W a s h i n g t o n's "Fifth Column" to infiltrate the underdeveloped countries. 0 0 0

-Pekb~g (China) RE- -Tribune Ccylo?~ Nczvn uietu, June 22, 1962 Keviczu, Sept. 1, 1962

LATES T OVERSEAS DEPARTURES Because of the large number of overseas deportures

in recent weeks, THE VOLUNTEER will list in this and following issues the departing Volunteers' names in installments in order of departure.

loyea Jensln. Redwmd Fnils. Mi"".

n iehnrd JOY-. Middletown. Con".

K.Y juraanson. ClarkReid. Minn. Snily Knrley. Mmrhcnd. Minn. Edith Kin.. Whit t ier . Cal. Arl ine Kron. Olenn. N.Y. John Lning. Aeton. Cni. c o u r t n e ~ L a n u . Terrebonne.

Ore. Lovry L n w ~ a c k . Houaton. Tex. Donnld L i g h t f w t . Los Anaeles.

co i . Marsha Luzai. Hnmmond. Ind. Roger Madon, Jamilien. N.Y. J n n e M n l m b e n . A u h a m . Ill. Hcnl.y MeFndden. W ~ e h i n a t o n .

TO: Bellle. Bri t ish Hondvrns Dnte: Aun. 2'7. 1962

~ d e m s . Riverside. Cni. Jullin Brown. B w n n t o w n . Md. i l iehnrd Coser. Pineland. S.C. ~ n d r e coipit ts . Tulso. Okin. c n r y c m i a . Puynilup. Wnah. ~ ~ i i ~ ~ ~ d w a r d s . Pnrmn. ids . Irvnn Cuss. Medford, Ore. Cnlherine Hnrdmnn. Thorntan.

William MeGuire. Bancroft . In. Ccor ryn Mctinkarieh. PneiRc

Psbiisndes. Cnl. Dnvid Maorchousc. L a s Anaeies.

n u r k e casnr l . Lincoln. Neb. ~ l b e r t C n w o d . Hnrlnn. KY. ~~~i Chnntrey. Clnrion. Pa. k r a l d Dnvis. Por t l and , Me. stel in ~ e r a u ~ o n . Savannah. Gn. id ~ ~ ~ e . Norkh Field. Minn. w i l l i s m Clnhnrn. Fs i i s Church.

cn i . L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D Morgan. S t . Loula.

GO,. ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ t ~ c i n c n . S t . Paul .

Mi"". l loberb J a r m t t . S t Loula. Me. ~ n t h e r i n e L i w r . Sonte Fc. N.M. ~ o a c m a r y Merek. Cndntt. Wla. Dnniel Martin. Beiuidfrr. 111. M ~ T Y ~ n t t i s o n . Snn Jose. Cni. w a k e r ~ e u m r . Mnnito,voe. Wie. Cnroi McCuiley. Chicneo. 111. Ann Mend. C ~ y s t n i Bench, Fin. Mnryiec Mevera. Scnttle. Wnsh. Axncs Nelson Fmnno. c n i .

Chieoao. 111. 17~i ix Ortcgn. W i e k e n b u r ~ . Arie. c n t h ~ r i n e Perdunn . Trenton.

MO. ~ 1 1 t h orris. Morristown. N.J. Dsvici Moss, Grcenville. .S.C. Mnrjorie Muchike. Laconla. N.H. \vnyne Newhert . F rankfor t . ind. ~ u z e n c D'Reiliy. Irvington. N.J. Bettye Owens. Tampa . Fln. Rnlnh Pnrsonl . Modesto. Cnl. P a u l Peteraon. Inaksuil ie . N.C. Marnot Schmidt. Houehton.

Mieh. Melvin Sieael. nrooklun. N.Y. Valerie Sknff. S a n Frnnciseo.

v a . ~ o b e r t Gross. New York. N.Y.

n n n s o n . W n u ~ n e a . Wis. na r r ie t Hiekmnn. Mill Valley. Ark.

shorn" Melntyre. Cnirton. N.D. ~~~~~~~t McNniiy. Denver. Col. Ovin Mack. Elmer. Mo. Patr icia Moran. M~df i l id . Mnss. ~h~~~ ~ ~ r r i a . Bnitimore, Md. Beistrice Mnulton, Sn i t Lllkc

City, Utah susan ~ u r 1 . a ~ . n lmminntnn . ill. Nevlovc. Cnmn P c n d i c

c n i . uoberb H o ~ k i n s . Yatdlev. Pa. ~ o h n Johnston. Pnn-a City.

F la . jon ~ l e v a r . now!inr Green. 0. ciarence L~ Fn~l.ficid. Aia. ~ r i e k Loren; Dnvis. Cnl. Leilsni Mnrsh. Senttie. Wash. ~~~e MeLnughlin. F o r t Yatea.

N.D. w i i b v r Mcllemn. Chino. Cal. ce ra ld ~ i l i s . S t Louis. Me. ~~w ~ u l l i n . Hotborn. P a . j-a Murphy. Neq. York. N.Y. ~~i~ ogden. Westmlnster. Cai.

enr re on. Greenwich. Can".

clnrenec Pesues. Birmingham.

P$t!7cis E . Prceindo. Westwood. N J.

wi i i inm ~ r o s c h . Birmingham. Aia.

c ia re ~ ~ t h j e n a . S i i re r Spring.

Cnl. v ind imir slavieh. E v e r e t t .

Wnsh. FAdie Smith. Chienao. Ill. c r c a Smi th . Snn Jose. Cai. Katherine Snalt. Pininfield. N.J. ilnrbnnb S t m u b . P o r t Arthur.

N.J. pn t r ie ia A. Preeindo. Tucson.

Arlz. ~ ~ l h ~ ~ o a c . Snn Atltonio. Tex. iletty s ~ n d e r s . coiorncio Snrinzs.

coi . pnll i snndcrs. Colarndo Sor insa .

Gel. G m r s e Pucrsehner. Lona ialnnd.

N.Y. Moric Rnpp. C u y n h o ~ n Fnlle. 0. Sonbh Robinson. Bny Shore. N.Y. ~ c n e l o o c R d e f e r . Weirtan.

T e r . Albert Tcikine. Abington. Pn . Wiilizhm Wore. N n t e h a . Mias. J o h n Webb. PowhaDm, V". Ainn Westhnacn, Rioon. Wia. Suaon Wheeler. Duiuth. Minn. M n n o r e t W h i i e . C a y n h o ~ n

Palla. 0. Lnltrenee Woiff. B o ~ o t n . N.J. Willinm Woodhouse. P i t u f o r d .

W "

C0l. vlorencc Vizzi. Ruffoln,,N.Y. > > h i n vo i ro i . ~ o n m e v > l l c . Ind. J O ~ " v ~ d a r c n v . n n t t i e Creek. ~ ~~~ . .

Mich. Victor Wehbekins. Sboushton.

Wis. 'zlwin WOW. ~ o n o i u i u . Hnwnjl Tneko Wong. Honolulu. Hawal l

Kon. johll S ~ h u i t z . Rochester. N.Y. Saundra si1vermnn. l'ortlnnd.

ore. Jneaaeline Sneta. Geneva. 111. Jnmes S ~ e t o . Bmokfield. ill.

Stafford. Mooreatown. N.J. jerry Sternin. Lnke llonkon-

komn. L.I., N.Y. s tump. Kitwaymrt. T m n .

j l l i inn lor. ~ b e r d c c n . S.D. a i ~ h ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ m s i a . Clcveinnd. 0. Dnvid Wniker. Clcero, ill. Carolyn Wardrin. Son Jose, Cnl. Joan Waymon. P ine IlIuR. Ark . Judith Weidman. Bmoklyn. N.Y. Sue Workman. Moorcstown. N.J. J l lmes Youna. Dorcheater. Mnas.

To: Kabul. Afshanlnton Date: Seot. 4. 1962 v m n k re chin. Grand n n ~ i d s .

Md. ~ o b e r t ~ n w r o n . nlorland. Kan. mar? uced. Gnincsriiie. F la . id lticder. Bouidcr. Mont. chariene Royeht. Hillside. 111. char lea ~ a s a e l l . Columbus. 0. ~ ~ d i t b s d i s b u r y . Wcstfieid. N.J. ~ a r y sandison. Rnv City. Mich. David shcrwood. Tewkshury.

'To: Arcrn. Ghana i)nte: Am.. 30, 1962

~diA;; orp per. s ~ e n e e r . Town Philiin Zinameister, Limn. 0.

To: Abidjan. Ivory Cnnrt Dmtc: Sevt. 1. 1962 Don~lld Rnskett. Chiilieothc. Mo. Joel nroinnrd. Baltimore. Md. Fredericn C h i b e y . Wethersfield.

YR. Lco Bobereehrnirit. St. Louis. MO. corn1 node?. Aherdecn. Wash. s tenhen Boaworth. M m u e t t e ,

-~ ~~ ~

uses. nernndine Sikora. Dcnnison. 0. ~ d g s r Smith. Salem. Mo. ~ o h n Smith. Urbnna. Tii. R U ~ U S Steuenaon. Newnan. Ca. s d l y Wh'ithce!. PiUaford. N.Y. lcatherine Whtte. S i i re r Sp l ine .

Md. wi i i i am w h i t t e n . Milwaukee.

w i s . fie id wi i l inms . Halinndnle. F in . carol Znvorni. S t . Clnir. Minn.

Con". Dnniel CoRey. Renlselner, N.Y. William Dniaimer. P o r t Wnsh-

ington. N.Y. Pzhul Demers. Hieksyiiie. N.Y. Slxrn Dorsctl. Washtngton. D.C. Cnt.olsn Dukes. Atinnhl. , Gn. ~ n , ~ y ~ u t , p h y . ~ n n r n s C w . Ma. Sueilon Fisher. Coconut Grove.

Fl0. Robert Cnlinp.her. Oranac. N.J. Joreph Gnuthier , Benenficid.

N.J. Richnrd Gouiet. Waterbury.

Con". Merlyn Hnrtrei l Adenn. 0. ~ o r n t h y rahem. 'xorrisvii ie . ~ t . Jnne Josselyn. Port land. Om. Jonn-Mnric Keisev. B m n x . N.Y. L n n n r d Lonaeland. Chienao. Iii. Heicn McCiil. C a w . Tnd. ~ l n n Mssacll. S a n t n Mnria. Cnl. Veronieo Pnnot.zeieki. Sehenec-

tody. N.Y. Eunice Pollork. Glen Berni*. Md. Mnric Riec, Madawaeke. Me. Nnney Seotb. Wes t Cheater. P a . Jnmes Sener. S a n Jose. Cnl. Inmen Slnnicy. Fitchburz. Mnas. J u i e Tadevie. Chieam. Ill.

Mich. i(siun ~ o m a u i s t . Garden Grnve. ~ ~ - ~

C d . K e n + h Brown. Culver C i h .

Cnl. ~ < u r h n r o nunee . W e s t Point .

N.Y. l$lnir ~ ~ t t e r w o r t h . Wnshinzton.

D.C. Lee Cnrison. Morahnli. Minn. ~ " n i c i cnrmody. L w u n n Beach.

Mieh. D B V ~ ~ ~ i ~ i s h h a e k c r . Snn F m n -

eiaco. Cnl. Domthy F r e d . Wotcrioo, Ind.

~ u k c t i e h . Avmonk. N.Y. J a n e t Muelier. Kenmev. Neb. Doiorea Niccoletti, Brietol. Pn . ~ o b e r t P e a m n . Ann Arbor.

Mieh.

TO: nlnniln. Ph i l iminen Dnte: S e ~ t . 3. 1962 Hamilton Ail"". BqstO". m-. .. carol ~ e k e y . Wilm8n#ton. Del.

~ t k i n e o n . L a w r c n c c vilie. Cn.

c h a r l o t t e Bnilcy. Lnke Stevens. Wash.

Juiist Biasehnrd. Dnvton. 0. id llotkin. Croton-on-liud- son. N.Y.

Ellen B0tki". croton-on-Hud- son. N.Y.

s%he7inc n m w n . P h i i a d e i ~ h i n .

COl. ~ ~ n n e t h Csr te r . P o r t Clinton. 0. ~ " t h o n y Cnry. Mill Volley. Cal. ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ i c h e p n w n . ~ o h n s t o w n . P a . ~ i i e n Coreoran. Cnmbridpe.

Mns8. Dnvid Dol.sey. WhcoVln. 111. Donnld Fontnine. Gray. Me. Roarnary C,aorac. C ~ n o g n P o r k .

To: Colambo. C e ~ l n n Dnfc: Sept. 4. 1962 Cnry A.nsi. Milfonl. Con". Wendell ~ t k i n s o n . Younxstown.

0. Kenneth Baker. Toledo. 0. Joyce Barniek. Jnmestown. N.D. Ilnrbnra R e n e n . Muakcnn. Wls. noiert Blumenhein. Boulder.

CRI. l tniph ~ i l m s n . Snn Frnneisco.

C0l. ~~~k ~ l u e k m n n . Orixmdo. F ia . pnu l ~ o r a n w n . Worceetcr. Mass. hlnnnret c r i m t h , Philndelphia.

l'a. Kenneth Cnlhoun. U ~ i a n d . Cai. Ollie Cumminss. Athens, Tex. D o w h y ",,"in*. Pueblo. coi. s t an ley Ediner. Chienao. 111. ~ o ~ e i y n Erenc ta . Snn Dieao. Cai. ~ n n e Erioson Q u i n ~ . Mass. ~ n n Gnlinph;r. U ~ w r Dat.by.

P a . N ~ O O Y Clnss. Thief River Fnils.

Mi"". c a m 1 Graham. Cleveland. 0. ~ u c i l l e Grnnt . Anthon. Iowa Thomas GriRen. Carrollton. Go. ~ h i i i p Heard. J o n a h o r n . Cn. J O A ~ Hiiije. New Braunfela. -

GO,. Erma Bon. LnCmeae. Knn. Rn1.h nrnskett . Chienao. iii. b b e r t ~ ~ i e k . Dnlins. Tex. Jma!,h Cushina. Dim". i i i . Gernidine DeLoneh. Houston.

To: Freetown. S ie r ra Leone Dnta: Sopt. 1. 1962

cn i . Ford Johnson, Riehnlnnd. v n . l'nul Johnson Onklnu'n. 111. Juclith Kaekei. Hcnton Hnrbor.

Mich. E m e a t Kendnii. Bridpewnter. ,Vt. ~ e n r y Koszcwski. Yorkvdle.

J o e Bnas Nashville. Tenn . ~ o h n ~ ~ A ~ ~ t i . San Mateo. Cnl. ~:dwnrd Berry. Merehnntvilio.

Tex. Pntricin Euth . Detroit. Mieh. 13ernnrd Fenncii , Orrrnsc Fnrk .

PIS. Donald FilzEernld. Moorcstown. N.J.

Mnrpnret Ber ry W a t m o n t . N.J. ~h~~~~ nirnbek.. Los Anacier. N.J.

rjiily Flake. Houston. Tex. Mike Ford. Boaider. coi . Richard Hailer. Mnrshfield.

N.Y. D e r i d Lambert. Snn Antonio.

GO,. Ursvin n i m r . New York. N.Y. ~ n u r n n Bonfieid. Cineinnutl. 0. c n r o ~ i n e ~ m w n . ~ i n e o i n . Vn. ~ n n c Burdiek. Pszadenn. Cai. Stephen Burgess. Hvrum. U t a h ~ c o n r e y c ~ m ~ b e i l . Houston,

Tcr . pntr icin C n m ~ b e i l . B m h n m .

Tex.

T e r . Ai fmd Lee. Louisviilc. KY. chnr les ~ e n t z . Now Ulm. Minn. Wiii lam Loher. Eunnaton. Iii. ~ n n c ~ n r i n e r . Knnsoa C i b .

.re.(. ~ h o m a a ~ ~~ Hopkins. Silver Creek. Mnas.

N n n e ~ Hnll. Mnyurood. Cnl. Csmiyn n a n n a , sentt1c. Wash. C h n r i a inae i s , wn).nenhoro. Po . Pn1rici.3 Jel let ieh. HakeraRcld.

Cnl. K a m e Kahn. New 1 1 ~ 1 : h ~ l l e . N.Y.

N.Y. Joe ~ o w e r t a n . Srrrinadnie. Alk. Clyde ineie. Whitsett. N.C. E v a Inala Gullford Coiiese. N.C. ~ ~ o t c h s n 'Jondn. C h e w Chnsc.

Md.

LATE !ST OVERSEAS DEPARTURES John Mei,.cn. Dickinsan Tex. John Muirhcad. Plato ce&. 111. T$?lmn Norman. Mnrtinsuillc,

"a. Snrrl Ann Offtecr. Bend. Om. Potrick Fecbles. Petnlumn. Cnl. John Poore. Homewaod Ill. Gordon Print., Sidney, keh . Kenneth Robinson. Omsha. Neh. Dennis Shannhon, Tecomn.

Wash. Allnn Short, Stryker. 0. emir Thomnso". Torranee. Cnl. llonald Turner. Fnsno. Cnl. Thomas Tyler. Oklahoma City,

Ohla. Fred Vinecnt. Philadol~hin. Pa. Ruth Yinser. Middirtown, 0.

To: Addis Aboba, Ethiopia Dnte: SCDI. 4-5 , 1962 Joe Adnir. Waterloo, Iowa Chnrles Allen. C n ~ e Vinecnt. N" .....

A d r i ~ ~ n Anderson. Williamabur~. Mich.

Sherrill Armstrong. Sun Luis Obi8.0. Cn1.

K l l ~ Aylor, Muncie. Ind. Lu!<wis Raehrnunn. Tesneck.

N.J . Willinm Boasa. F o i r ~ o r t , N.Y. Jllmes Unrbic. Enatlake. 0. I l~u lnh U,~rtlett. South Loguna,

Cn1. Mndaline Bnsiis. Jnmuiee. N.Y. Ronald Bell. Traverse City,

W:"h . .. . -. . . Marlin Benjnmin, Rochester.

N.Y. Gory Bcrathold. Bakersfield. CsI. L l ~ d p Berethold. Uekemfield,

ba,. itvsseii Berman. Chiengo. 111. llohert Bemdt, Snn Diego. Cal. Richard Berhrceo, Queens. N.Y. Cerald Biclcr. Philndelnhis. Pa. John Bierlow. Oiympis. Wash. Clifford Uindcr. San Jose, Cnl. Philip Binshom. Stateline. Neu. Ce= Blnekrnon. Cnrlsbnd. N.M.

Timothy Bodmsn. Leonin. N . J . John Bond. Odessa. Tcx. Js~mer Born. Memphis. Tenn. Jean Holteher. Natron. Heiaht*. . .

Fa . John Bouahton. Weterloo, Iowa Neil uoyer. Enston. Pa . Jllmcr Boyison. Rcdonda Bench.

""8

Jnmes Bronnon. Boone, Iowa Keith Rmuinder. Long Bench.

Cni. Phyllis Bmvinder. Lonlr Bex,eh.

cai. Wendell Brooks. Bnkersfield.

c1.1. Ret.ry Bryan. Wcst Covina. Cel. Karen Brynn. Son Bernardino,

Cul. Albert Ulylxnt. Minmin. Tex. Arwildn Urvnnt, Mincoln. Tex. Dondd Budlons. Warwick. R.I. R u n d o l ~ h Uullock. Wurrenton.

N.C. Donald Butlcr. Jonesboro. Ark. Ch,,rlea Co11nhnn. Mnrlbom.

M,ms. Joyce C"rn~be1l. Chnttnnoogn.

Ten". R2wrnond Cil~ozzi. Tennfly. N.J. Casner Corlton. Penns Grove.

N.J. Esther Cnrroll. Lee's Summif

,A"

~ m " ~ c e e h i n i . Oran Hill. Md. Judith Chnrlto". Newt.,". Kon. Stenhen Chrscbmugh. Rehohoth,

Mass. Cemillla Chickcring. Belmont.

Mass. Mure c1ltusen. Tucson. Arie. Olu Clitlo". Irving. Tex. Cnrol Cloueer, Inde~endenee. 0. John Coe. Westfiold. N.J. Petriein Colby. Hales Corners.

Wis. Sum Collier. Wcst Hartford.

Con". John, Collins. Mnrsball. YO.

Marvin Collins. Gleneoe. Ky. James Cwk. Scottsdnle Ariz. Jesse Council, Grffnuiile. N.C. Ann covinstan; Detroit Mieh. Riehnrd Cowan ~ r o o k i ; ~ N.Y. John coune. M'idlothian. i l l . Char!ptte Crawford. Flushing,

* . I . S t e ~ h e n Cristofar. New York. N Y

T i t < & Cutler. Darten. Con". Adrienne Damon. So. Wey.

mouth. Mess. John Davis, Uelle Pinine, Kan. Peggy Davis, Worthinnon Ind. Jam, Donnes. AUsnto c;. Malcolm Donald. woadkde. cnl . Raymond Donsldson. Hacken.

sack. N.J. William Donohoc. Huntington

Woods. Mieh. Wilfred Dowell. Seattle. wash. Msrxn~.et .. DIUW. Mowanfieid, KY.

Jnn Duss s r , St. Petemburs. Fln. Betty Dvorman. Detroit. Mich. P h i l i ~ Eastmno. Brooklyn. N.Y. Jon E b e l i n ~ , S e n t r Monica. Cel. Dennis Ekberw. Oskland. ca l . Irene Emhrey, Eugene. Ore. Robert Embrey. Euaenc. Ore. James Engle, Seattle. Wash. Madilyn Enauall. Lemore, Cel. Michael Esselsbom. Chica~o. 111. Patricia Fnrnhsm. Louelnnd,

n . b0,.

Steven Fnrnham. Laveland. Cot. Mnrinnne Fesm. Hollywod.

"*I

Charles Feltus. Fn i rho~e . Ala. Ronald Ferrier. New Orleans. -. -a. Jereld Fifield, Honolulu. Hawaii Frances Fisher, Dentan. ~ d . Sa.~%l Fish. Basking Ridge,

N.J. Barbarn Fontnine. Providence.

R.I. Sylvia Forte. Barbertan 0. Barbara Fountain ~ " n k . Col. Dennis Fox. ~ h i l ~ d d e l ~ h i ~ . Pa. Herbert Fox. Lnfavette. Gal. Geome Fredcnburg, Somerset,

Mass. Jnmes Frihers. Vancouver.

Wnsh. Thomas Gallanher. Elhcron N.J. Peter Gesell. Weshinaton, D.C. Miehnel Clatte. South Gate. cal. Thomas Goserink. Melluille. Mo. Thomas G ~ a n g e Addison. N.Y. Frank ~ r o 9 s m a b ~ o i a e . ~ d n . Gary ~ u a z z o . ciifton N.J. Dnvid Gurr. Spokane. 'wash. John Heuenbuch. Arlinston. Vn. Marian Haley. Greensbum Pa. Willie Hall. Charlotte. N.<. Wayne Handlos. Hudson. Wis. Bruce Hnndwerker. Wethers-

field. Con". Dale Hergel.. Sidney. 0. Donald Harris. St. Louis, Mo. Mary Harris. Providence. R.T. Walter Harris. Providence. R.I. Willie Harris. Selma. Cnl. Linton Heith. Ol+awn. 111. John Herbert. Lon. Beafh. Ca1. Elliott Himelstein. P h a n i x ,

Ali*. Dell Hood. Boerne. Tex. Francis Horn. Mononpahela, Pa. Ro-hrt Hotchkias. Sacramento,

G81. Richard Howrirnn. Fairfield. V t Susan Hovt. Berkeley. Cal. Lindn Hughes. New Vienna. 0. David H u n t . 101s. Kan. Lois Jacobson. Worthinsten.

Minn. Charles James, Elkin. N.C. Judith Johnson. Sioux Falls.

a n Charles Jones, Wear Medway.

Mass. Nyle Kardetrke. Elmore, 0. Eldon Katter, Stendal, Ind. Ron Kaearian. Selma. Cnl. William Kerske. Aleadin. Gal. Donald Kilheiner, Ephrsta. Pa. Walter Knox. Pittmsn. N.J.

J s s ~ e r d e r n Kobes. Kearnv, N.J. Paul Konrowski. Winona. Minn. Ronald Kreuee. Senttle. Wash. D n ? w Langdon, Twin Falls.

,.an. Neomi Lnwhorn. Camden. S.C. John Lawson, Hrvre. Mon t Susan Lawson. Hovre. Mon t Jerry Lemert. Cotrnge Grove. -.. "re. Lewis Lennon, Rochester, N.Y. Lynn Linman. Kinasburs Cnl. Mary Linman, ~ i n p s h a ~ ~ : Cnl. Riehsrd L i ~ e z . Lock Haven. Pa. Philir, Littmnn. Baltimore. Md. Csrolrhodn Locketz, St. Paul.

Minn. Joanna London. Gwat Neck,

N Y -

Ann Lounebery, Bmoktondale. N"

Gary Lowe, Coifex. Wash. Riehnrd Lyman. Excelsior Minn. Marian Lynch Enfield N.C. Harold M.I.~&, 0,,e1o;sasy. La. J o x ~ M d n i e N. Hollywood.

b81. Fm?k Mason. Des Plnines. Ill. Davld McCnhon. Annondole. Ye. Jemcs MeCertnev. Cresson. Pa. Brian MeCauley. Riverside,

Conn. Paul MoGiluray, Weymouth.

Mass. Lois Meier. Fnirhanke, Aleskn Jemes Merrill. Williamstown,

Meas. Charles Michener. Clevalond. 0. Doualas Miekelson, Blnek Earth.

Wis. William Mihny. Calumbus. Ind. Cnrol Miller. Lonsriew. Wash. Jean Miller. Rocky Hill. Conn. Harris Mirkin. New York. N.Y. Lois Mirkin. New York. N.Y. Russcll n~ Miaheloff. Philadcl~hia. r".

Blythe Monroe. South Lngunn, Gal.

Riehard Moan. Coichester. Ill. Cora Moorhead. Washington.

D.C. Riehnrd Moreau. Portland. Me. Margaret Morgan. Albertuille.

Ala. Carolyn Mullord. Kirksvillc. Mo. Rnlnh Newman. 1one. cni. Herman Nibbelink. Orange City,

Iown Daniel Nickelson. Lamnr, COI. Janet Niekerson. Schenectsdy,

N.Y. Y l l i a m Nickerson. Schenectndy,

N.Y. Mnrgnret -. O'Brien, Prwtueket.

,< . I . Pabie in O'Hnra, Vs11ejo. Gel. John O'Hevron. Elmiro. N.Y. Barbara Olsen. Minneapolis.

Mi"". Leonard O~zeeh, Soulhineton,

Conn. Talbot Paae. Wobum. Mass. George Parish. Greensboro N.C. Cora Parriah. Gland ~ ~ A ~ t i ~ ~ , "*, "".. James Phiilipa, Brooklyn. N.Y. Cnrol Potter. Dayton 0. m w a v d prehis. 111. Dwayne Purringtan. Windom.

Mi"". Madonna Rauscher, Bulger. Pa Nina Reidu. T o m ~ a . Fin. Herbert Resniek. Lynnfleld.

Mass. John Rex. Mt. Kiaeo N.Y. Lois Richard. ~ p o k n n ~ Wnsh. Kent R i c h c r t . ' ~ i ~ h i t n . knn. Otho Rink. Snn Angeio. Tex. Andrew Rosasrhi. Yerington, N...

Elliott Roondtrce. Snnd Springs. Okln.

Knut Royce. Cerli.le. Pa ' John Rude. Enid. Okls.

Thelma Rmkema. Norwslk. Cnl. Robert Savage, Roehe*.. N.Y. Willinm %hmick. Colfax. Wash. Thomas Sch~wder . Luxembourg

Ville

John Scott. Bmokivn N.Y. Clyde Seoville. Salt ' ~ o k e City.

Uteh Rolnnd Sebneher, St. Chorles,

Mo. Riehard S h a v e , Hilrtford. Conn. Terry Shoemaker. Des Moincs.

Iowa Har ry S i e~e l . Steubcnville. 0. Herbert Siesel. Los Anselcs. Col. Suzanne Sicael. Los Anacles.

Gal. Herbert Siemnn, Detroit. Mieh. Kay Simmons, Snn Bcm8xrdino.

Cnl. La_rry Simmons. Snn Bcmordino.

cn,. William Sittis. Westminster. Md. Hoyt Smith Uirby. Okln. Jeffrey smlih . Winslow. 111. Mnrahn Smith. Gurnee. 111. Mary Smith. Sulllvnn, Ind. Gerald Solberp. Scnttle. Wnsh. Gloria Sornple. Loynlhsnnn, Pa. Alice S ~ r e n a l e . Sfenmbant

S ~ l i n s a . Col. Jerry Sprinaston Denver Cot. Kenneth ~touffe;. ~ o n k ~ . ' Fa. Martha StnuRer. Bonks. Pa. Mary. S t e~hnno . Chittenango. N.I.

John Stockton. Burbnnk. Cnl. Msrthn Stoneouist. Snrnrogn

Sorinpa, N.Y. Richnrd Strinser. Mnnlius. N.Y. Lonia S t r o n ~ . Bosscmer. Aln. Pntricin Summers. M i l w a u k ~ .

w i s ~ o s e s Tenn. South Cnte. Cal. William Tilney. Snnta Fe

S ~ l i n z s , Cnl. Snlly Timmel. Omnomowoe.

Wia. John Tramonti. Warwick. R.I. Robert Travis. Vidnlin. Gn. Cynthia Tse. Son Fvnneiseo Cnl. Paul Teanxes. Lowell. M&. Dnnicl Vienone. Lon~mendow.

Mass. Anthony V1p.o. Napo. Col. Mnwerct Wnsner. Teancck. N.J. Edrrar Warren. Durham. Ark. David Wilev. Kansas City. Mo. Dnvid Willinms. Long Island.

,J"

Edgar Willinm8. Brooklyn. N.Y. Charlotte Wilson. Tulsa O k l a Gary Wilson. Crrn~bcll . 'Cnl. James Wilaon Chieeao. III. Peter Winkel ' ~ o k e w o d . N.J. Richard ~ i t i e n s t r o m . Cndillnc,

W<"h

C&;~A Wood. Las Altos hill^. ,.-I uu.

Mary Woad. Pontiae. Mich. Jacqueiinc Woodson. Kil.klnnd.

Wash. Andrea Wright, warm,,. Pa. Arnm Zokal.inn. Washington.

D.C.

To: Nicosia. Cgpma Dnte: Swt. 5 . 1962 William Anderson. Muskogeo.

Okln. Rolrero Belk. Arendin, Cnl. Clinton Bolton, Enrt Lcmy.

Mieh. Albert Boston. Geinesville. Fin. John Davy. Uenninrton. N.H. Richnrd Hornehck. Trenton. N.J. Martin Horowlte. Dlonx N.Y. Dnvid Hovcr wilminato; Del. Donold Hut&". clnyville: PO. Robert Jneobson. Wllminpton,

Dcl. Jernld Kosovieh. Povtland. Ore. Thomas Lnngdon. Lalantn . Col. John Lee. Monmoubh. 111. Robert Major. Pittsburgh. pa Dominie Mnrlno, New Yo&,

N.Y. L n r r r M-e. Vnil. Iowa Anthony Pol~ehranls . Sal t Lskc

City, Utah John Iluak. Linn Grove. Iowa Alva Saucier. Alerandrin. La. Donald Sunkow. Pntemon. N.J. Burton Swsnaon. Princeton. 111.

Ceylon Group Is Welcomed

Despite Row in Parliament

The traditional lighting of oil lamps, a g i f t of betel leaves, and songs of greeting by girls f rom a Colombo secondary school marked the welcome ceremony for 35 Peace Corps Volun- teers who arrived in Ceylon on Sept. 6.

The Volunteers will serve a s teachers and teachers aides of science, home science, and physical education in 19 secondary schools and teacher-training schools throughout the island.

ALtaek in Parliament Although a quiet entry had been

planned, attacks by a Communist member of Parliament on the government for inviting the Peace Corps made the Volunteers' arr ival front- page news.

For several days newspapers featured photos and stories of Volunteer activities and individual Volunteers.

During the first week of in-country training, held in Colombo, Volunteers

were guests in Ceylonese homes. Ad- ditional offers of hospitality from various groups such a s the Buddhist Women's Assn., the Buddhist Uni- versity, and the Rama Krishnan Mis- sion threatened to overload a n already heavy training schedule.

In the third week of training the Volunteers spent a day in a work camp a t a co-operative fa rm near Kandy, the old capital of Ceylon in the mountainous tea country. On Sept. 30 they reported to their schools.

Work-Camp Stint One unusual feature of the Ceylon

project is tha t each Volunteer will work for one month-long school holi- day each year a t a Ceylonese work camp.

Many such camps have been organized in recent years in Ceylon to carry out the concept of sva*nadana, the voluntary gif t of one's labor.

Photo: Chnrn~sign-Urbnno (Ill.) Courier

GRASPING HARD for the right word in Hindi is Ambrosia Noetzel, home- economics teacher in India, shown in language class during troining a t the University of Illinois.

Philippine Governor Cites 4 for Projecfs Benefitting His Province Four Volunteers in the Philippines

have been commended by the governor of Sorsogor~ province for s tar t ing projects which "directly benefit Sorso- gon communities."

The Volunteers a re assigned a s teachers' aides, but they were cited for projects tha t they undertook i n out-of-school hours.

The Ma?rila Daily Bz~lletix reported tha t the governor awarded certificates of merit to:

Ronald Peters of North Tonawanda,

N.Y., for establishing the b a h t industry in his barrio, or village. Spe-. cia1 care and cooking of duck eggs is necessary to produce baltit, a delicacy served a t Philippine feasts.

Charlotte Haugh of St. Johnsbury, Vt., for s tar t ing a mimeographed four-page newsweekly. The Bz~lusa?a News is "the only town publication in the province, beating big towns * ' * whose population i s over 40,000," the governor said. Bulusan's population is about 15,000.

- Blaine Larsan-Crowther of Berkeley,

Cal., for starting a lending library in his home. Blaine solicited books from friends in the United States, and put them in a room open to villagers and students.

Douglas Watts of Lakeport, N.H., fa r "really mixing and living with" the people. While many Volunteers live with families or rent houses in towns, Douglas built himself a nipa- and-bamboo bungalow in his barrio.

PEACE CORPS WASHINGTON 25. D.C.

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