The

k r Handloader a 4 /:; I - Magazine

2 : . Number 23

1. ' Jan.-Feb. I970 .I,

r i

The

Dave Wolf. Publisher

Neal Kmx Editor

Roger T. Wolfe, PhD. Associate Editor

Edward M. Yard Technical Editor

Norm Lammers Technical Adviser

Homer Powley Ballistics Adviser

James D. Carmichel Cast Bullets

Parker 0. Ackley Wildcats d Gunsmithing

Wallace Labisky Shotshells

John Wootters Gun Tests

Harvey A. Donaldson Historical Adviser

Ken Waters "Pet Loards"

Maj. George C, Nonte Jr. General Assignment

Don Zutx General Assignment

Bob Hagel Hunting Adviser

John Buhmiller African Cartridges

Barbara Killough Advertising Director

June Skillestad Circulation Manager

Leah Close Asst. Circulation Mgr.

Tina Taylor Data Processing

Rod Guthrie Staff Artist

Judy MacDonald Editorial Assistant

Trudy Kluever Promotion

Handloader Muguzine

Jan.-Feb., 1970 Vol. 5-No. 1 Rt. 4-Box 3482, Peoria, Ill. 61614

Features: Lyman's New Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . Wallace Labisky 18 Do-It-Yourself Pressure Equipment . . . . . . James D. Mason 20 Pet Loads .. .222 Rem. Mag. . . . . . . . . . . . Ken Waters 24 Cast Bullets in the .222 Rem. . . . . . . . . . . Jim Carmichel 26 28-Gauge Field Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Don Zutz 30 Solving the Loose Bullet Problem . . . . . . C. George Charles 33 Handloading For The .38 Super Auto . . . John W. Rockefeller 34 Handloads by the Bushel . . . . . . . . . . Maj. George Nonte 38 Reviving the l l m m Mauser . . . . . . . . . . Howard R. Reed 42 Pressure Factors .. Part X . . . . . . . Lloyd Brownell, Ph.D. 44 Winchester's Southpaw 1400 & The Winchoke . Wallace Labisky 62

Departments:

Reader By-Lines . . . . . 5 Propellant Profiles 13 Editorial . . . . . . . . 6 Answers, Please . . . . 15

. . .

Lock,Stock,Barrel . . . 8 Cartridge of Month . . 37 Tip to Tip . . . . . . 10 ProducTests . . . . . 60

Harvey Donaldson . . . 66

The HANDLOADER, Copyright 1970, is published bimonthly by the Dave Wolfe Publishing Company, .Rt. 4 - Box 3482 (1406 Hendryx Place), Peoria, Illinois 61614. (Also publisher of Rifle Magazine). Telephone (309) 691-2169. Second Class Postage paid at Peoria, Illinois, and additional mailing offices. Single copy price of current issue $1.00. Subscription price: six issues $5.00; 12 issues $9.00; 18 issues $12.50. Outside U.S. possessions and Canada $6.00, $11.00 and $15.50. Recommended foreign single copy price, $1.25. Advertising rates furnished on request.

Publisher of The HANDLOADER is not responsible for mishaps of any nature which might occur f rom use of published loading data. or from recommendations by any member of The Staff. No part of t h i s publication may be reproduced without written permission from the editor. Manuscripts f rom free-lance writers must be accompanied b y stamped self-addressed envelope and the publisher cannot accept responsibility for lost or mutilated manuscripts.

Change of address: Please give one month's notice. Send both old and new address, plus mailing label if possible, t o Circulation Dept., The HANDLOADER Magazine, Rt. 4 - Box 3482 (1406 Hendryx Place), Peoria, Illinois 61614.

Officiat Publkation of Santa Barbem Reloading Association

Your January-February Cover

Gleaming dies, w i th their precise machining, possess a distinctive sturdy beauty all their own, artfully captured by photographer W. T. Willis with a Hasselblad. This unusual view of Lyman dies is shown set UP for action in the turret of Lyman's latest metallic press, the Spar-T.

4 HlWDLOADER - January-February. 1970

10

By Maj. George Nonfe

R O M TIME TO TIME over the F past couple of decades we’ve heard the major ammunition manufacturers brought to task for failing to meet the needs and desires of the ever-expanding handloading market. To be frank, it has often been hard to disagree with those complaints.

Consequently, it is with considerable pleasure that we note the increasing interest of large manufacturers in the burgeoning handloading components market. Most recent is the word from Remington Arms that in the future specific emphasis will be placed on s u p p l y i n g componen t s t o t h e handloader through regular dealer channels.

In the past new items have been offered as components only after all loaded ammunition requirements have been met. I t appears that in the future we may expect to be able to obtain new component items just as quickly as they are available in loaded ammunition. This is most welcome news. 1 can recall not too long ago that the introduction of a new bullet in factory loads meant that handloaders had to wait one or two years for that same item.

We might say that this indicates that handloading has. “come of age” as far as big business is concerned. When the Du Pont minions recognize the significance of handloading to this extent, it means that our game has, in a manner of speaking, “arrived.” More power to the boys at Remington. I suggest that you all at least nod politely in the direction of Bridgeport.

* * *

In almost any field, innovations rise and fall. Interest and acceptance of them seems to fluctuate without any particular rhyme or reason. It makes no difference whether the subject is guns, ammunition, booze, or automobiles. This in itself isn’t so strange - it’s been happening long enough that we expect it. The real puzzler is the way people

suddenly “discover” something that may have been around quite a while and then try to make it fit all needs and circumstances. Take vodka, fo r e x a m p l e ; a few years ago i t s consumption in this country was quite modest, limited to those people who s o m e h o w d e v e l o p e d a taste for it. Then, all of a sudden vodka-quaffing went hog wild with people trying it for everything from Old Fashioneds to Irish Coffee. Yecch!

Handloaders aren’t any different in that respect. Most recent to mind comes l igh t , jacketed, expanding handgun bullets. Seems like everyone is making them now, and everyone is trying to use them for every imaginable purpose. Presumably because of their excellent performance in certain relatively narrow fields (such as police work and varmint hunting), bullets of this type are now being used for many purposes to which they are not at all well suited. Disappointment is the usual result, often to the point that the shooter even discounts the type for those purposes which it performs extremely well.

Generally speaking, this type has been with us only a few years, popularized first by the introduction of the C-H Swag-0-Matic tool (no longer available) for making half-jacketedpure l ead bullets. Prior to that time, bullet-making tools were too costly for the average handloader. In spite of being highly touted as the greatest thing since some long-ago cat cobbled up the wheel, they possessed plenty of disadvantages. Elimination of same resulted in today’s thin-jacketed, light weight soft and hollow points which we drive from revolvers and self-loaders at hitherto unheard-of velocities.

Such bullets are typ i f ied in factory-made form by the Super-Vel brand, though there are several other similar makes not so widely available. Those bullets deliver superb expansion and shock against lightly-constructed animals at short range. For police use or short-range varmint shooting (the two

HANDLOADER - Januury-February, 1970

uses aren’t really very far apart insofar as purpose. -is concerned), I \know of nothing better. However, at longer ranges, velocity has fallen off to the point where explosive expansion is no longer produced.

In addition, the severe muzzle blast and recoil of cartridges so loaded make practical long-range accuracy difficult to obtain. Add to that the fact that short, light bullets do not penetrate well either at long range or on heavily-constructed animals and it becomes clearly evident that such bullets are by no means the per fec t , al l-around missile many handloaders attempt to make them. Heavier, slower-moving lead or soft-point bullets normally perform better for long-range work on paper or varmints and also for shooting big game where maximum penetration is needed.

At the other end of the scale, taking small edible game, the explosive expansion of the HV load is a detriment rather than an advantage. It ruins the meat you seek. And, for pure accuracy on paper targets at standard ranges or informal plinking, I’ve yet to see the light-bullet HV load that could beat a good, light-to-medium, lead-bullet load. Lastly, we have to consider the greater cost of these specialized bullets. You can shoot a half-dozen lubricated lead or gas-check slugs for the cost of a single jacketed soft point.

It all boils down to the simple fact that handgun bullets, like any other, must be carefully chosen to suit the purpose for which they are to be used. The police or varmint bullet will always be a poor choice for target or big game and the reverse is nearly as true.

* * *

Excellent once-fired military brass in 2 2 3 (5.56mm) caliber is becoming rather plentiful these days. In spite of various regulations that are intended to contain such material to the metals market, a number of sources seem to be able to supply almost any quantity of tE is case at extremely reasonable prices. Naturally, this situation is due to the ever-increasing use of the .223 M16 rifle in training throughout the country.

To see such apparently fine brass available at hardly a tenth the cost of its new commercial counterpart makes one want to find a way to put it to maximum use. Of course, if you own a .223 rifle, the way is obvious. But, what

HANDLOADER - January-February, 1970

i

else can you use it for? First and simplest is t he .222 Remington. Conversion is a quick and easy job -- simply run the cleaned .223 case through a full-length resizing die, then trim to length. No neck reaming, annealing, fire forming or other shenanigans necessary. Then, too, it may be used for any of the wildcats based on the .222 case, once the length alteration has been accomplished. Of course, the several .223-based wildcats - of which the .17 for which H&R chambers fac tory rifles is most prominent - are ready grist for the military brass mill.

Next in line is the seldom-seen littie .221 Remington Fireball pistol cartridge which is formed exactly like the .22. H o w e v e r , neck annealing may sometimes be required with harder lots of brass, since shortening moves the new neck back into normally harder areas of the .223 case.

In the rifle caliber line, there is only one other to be made from the .223, and it’s a bit of a job. The .223 looks almost identical to the .222 Remington Magnum except for neck and over-all

for the serious handloader

new FORMULA

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New 31/2 FI. 02. Size Will Clean In Excess of 1,000 Cases. $1.75

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Powder measures Reloading presses Dies Bullet moulds Bullet Lubri-sizers Lubricants

11

Available at your dealer’s in boxes of 100

-224 Cal. .243 Cal. .243 Cal. (55 grain) (75 grain) (85 grain)

$3.95 1 $4.85 1 $5.10

Mfd. by NOSLER BULLETS, INC. An affiliate of:

LEUPOLD & STEVENS, INC. Dept. A-N64 P.O. Box 25347,

Portland, Oregon 97225, U.S.A.

12

length. The similarity is so great that many a shooter has fired .223 ammo in his .222 Magnum chamber, only to hatre the case separate completely just ahead of the web. Head-shoulder length of the ,223 is significantly less than of the .222 Magnum, creating a condition of grossly excess headspace when used in the latter chamber. Most of us acknowledge that condition to be dangerous. Even though the .223 case is actually some .09-inch shorter than the ,222 Magnum, it can be made into a serviceable and safe substitute if you first correct that headspace difference. It isn’t difficult, just time-consuming.

It’s simple. Just expand the .223 necks to 6mm or .25 caliber before resizing. Then, in the proper .222 Magnum die, resize so that a slight but clearly visible secondary shoulder is formed at the junction of shoulder and neck. Adjust the die so this secondary shoulder causes the rifle bolt to close hard on the resized case. In that condition, the secondary shoulder suppor ts the case solidly on the chamber shoulder, holding the head firmly against the bolt face to eliminate the excess headspace problem. The first firing then blows the case out to fit the ,222 Magnum chamber, after which it may be used in the normal fashion. The -09 short neck leaves that much of the chamber neck unprotected during firing, but permits normal seating of all but unusually l ight or short bullets. Extensive firing (several thousands of rounds) with short cases will produce erosion of the unprotected portion of the chamber neck, so this should be considered only a temporary measure to be used when it isn’t possible to obtain ,222 Magnumcases.

Then, there is another approach to making use of an abundant supply of ,223 brass in rifles. Simply open up the chamber of your old .222 Remington to that calibet. and proceed merrily. Some guns will also require slight lengthening of the magazine. If your rifle is in .222 Magnum, the route is a bit more complicated requiring that the barrel be set back one or two threads befcire rechambering, but no magazine work is necessary.

The utility of the .223 case isn’t limited to rifle calibers. From it, you may make 9mm Parabellum; 9mm Mauser; 9mm Bergmann-Bayard (Largo); 9mm Steyr; 7.62mm Russian or Czechoslovakian pistol; 7.63mm Mauser; 7.65mm Parabellum (Luger);

arid probably a few more pistol calibers I’ve overlooked. Shortening and resizing are required for all; neck reaming is necessary in some, especially the bottleneck numbers. Bottleneck calibers will have considerably longer reloading life if necks are annealed. But, do it gently because of the close proximity of the head, which must not be softened.

All of the above makes military surplus fired .223 brass sound very attractive to the fellow wanting to save a few bucks in making up a life-time supply of cases. However, it isn’t as good as i t looks because careful inspection (always necessary when using brass with an unknown history) will disclose a goodly percentage that should be junked. All such cases will have been fired in automatic weapons and subjected to severe stresses throughout the functioning cycle. They will carry dented bodies, flattened mouths, and sometimes badly bent r i m s caused by extremely violent extraction. In addition, I’ve noted a rather high percentage of primer leaks in some lots of such brass. h y evidence of leakage is sure justification for consignment to the junk bucket.

In common with most other military rifle and machine gun ammunition, the .223 contains a ring crimp around the primer. The crimp makes decapping more difficult and must be removed or shoved aside before a fresh primer may be seated. RCBS makes an excellent primer pocket swage which works well on these cases, though the necessity for a small diameter supporting rod to pass through the .22 caliber neck makes it less robust than the larger model. Put too much beef into the job and you’ll bend the rod and/or damage the case.

The .223 military case may never equal the versatility of the old .30-06 or the newer 7.62mm NATO because of its small diameter, but it is certainly on the way to becoming quite usefuL Don’t pass up any windfalls of this brass that come your way.

One last thought regarding this or any other case used in other than its original caliber. Reformed cases will almost invariably have measurably less capacity than the original factory item. The more the case is shortened and bottlenecked, the greater the reduction in capacity. Powder charges must be reduced accordingly.

HANDLOADER - January-February, 1970

N ADDITION TO the fascination r of preparing and loading cast bullets there are also the very practical benefits of extending a centerfhe rifle’s range of use. A varmint rifle, for example, when loaded with jacketed bullets to functional velocities is a vannint rifle, is a varmint rifle, is a varmint rifle, as Miss Stein would have put it. However, work up a few cast bullet loads for the same rifle and a varmint rifle is a small game rifle, is a p l i n k i n g r i f l e ... Also, i t’s a hell-of-a-lot-of-fun rifle.

When it comes to discussing .22 caliber cast bullets, some of our friends become reticent about mentioning past experiences and others are quick to give the thumbs down signal. To be sure, casting the small bullet has its own special set of problems. In fact, we might as well formulate here and now a physical law of bullet casting: “The difficulty of casting perfect and uniform cast bullets increases at an inverse, ratio with the size of the bullet.” In other words the smaller the bullet, the harder

Z6

It’s Worth

it is to cast. This difficulty stems from a number of reasons-

First, moulds take longer to reach casting temperature and tend to fluctuate in temperature throughout the c a s t i n g opera t ion unless meta l temperature is ‘coonstant and casting tempo fairly even. Actually, al l moulds fluctuate in temperature but the .22 caliber cast bullet tends to indicate a wider bullet-to-bullet variance with changes in mould temperature. More significant, however, is the fact that .22 caliber bullet accuracy is more affected by casting imperfections than larger d i a m e t e r bullets. This can be demonstrated arithmetically:

A 200-grain bullet, with an air pocket causing a two-grain weight loss has an imbalance which can be described, for reasons here, as one percent. A 50-grain cast bullet with a two-grain weight loss will have a four percent imbalance. Of course the effect such an air pocket will have on accuracy depends on the pocket’s position in

relation to the bullet’s axis. The point made here is that the flight of a .22 caliber bullet is more likely to be disturbed by an imperfection of a given weight than a heavier bullet. Too, if we use the same alloys and equipment for all sizes of bullets we may assume imperfectiods will be of equal magnitude regardless of bullet size. Thus we have statistical evidence that our newly formulated law is valid.

Cont inuing our examination of factors affecting the accuracy of the .22 caliber cast bullet, we find the sprue to be of particular importance. The cutting of the sprue, no matter how expertly done, always leaves a scar or minor imperfection on the base of the bullet. The resulting imbalance is usually of no significance providing the bullet has a mass of, say, IO0 grains or more. With the lightweight .22 caliber bullet, however, the sprue fault -be it a dimple, pucker, off-center sprue hole or even an excessive smear-can result in a measureable enlargement of group size.

During Handloader experiments we found that sprue holes in the cutoff plates of currently manufactured .22 caliber moulds are considerably larger than they should be. The sprue holes on five separate .22 caliber Lyman moulds

$measured from .140-inch to .155inch in diameter. A sprue scar of this size spans nearly three quarters the diameter of the bullet’s base and even if the sprue is perfectly centered, the ill effects of a disfigurement of such proportions are obvious. Compounding this situation is the fact that the sprue may not necessarily be perfectly centered or even relatively well centered. Thus we have a significant flaw noticeably off center to the bullet’s axis.

This problem can be solved with hand-made cut-off plates featuring

WANDLOADER - Janwry-Pobruary. 1870

I wo m Carmkhel

h a s t e n s t o a d d t h a t t h e ab ove- me n t i o ne d information was gained only through closely controlled ex p e rim e n t a t i o n specialized equipment. With this in mind let’s move on to the more ptactical loading and usage of the .22 caliber cast bullet.

with

111

exactly centered sprue holes of 0.75 to anyone from experimenting with the .%-inch diameter. Making a really good small bullet but, on the contrary, only cu t -o f f plate requires exac t ing to supply data which wiU acquaint the measurements and considerable skill experimenter with certain inherent with tools, but it appears the individual characteristics of the .22 caliber cast must invest the effort or expense if bullet and mould. Too, the author truly precise .22 caliber bullets are to be cast.

It was hoped that undrilled cut-off plates could be purchased from the mould manufacturer, thus saving the time and effort of shaping the entire plate. A check with Lyman officials, however, disclosed that the sprue hole is punched when the plate is stamped.

A novel and surprisingly satisfactory alternative to making a new cut-off plate is to pour the bullet with the sprue deliberately off center! This technique involves nothing more than rotating the plate until there is only a slight elliptical shaped space between the sprue hole and the wall of the mould cavity. It was found that perfect bullets could be

m e ~ ~ a n a f ~ r r ‘ e of i t - lef t is Lyman 2 2 5 ~ i n c 0 n t r a ~ t t 0 ~ 2 5 6 ~ ’

M o s t d e d i c a t e d cas t bu l le t h and1 oaders consider the personal satisfaction of having developed a tight grouping load suffxient reward for the time and effort spent. That is, after all, the whole idea of any hobby. For those who expect a return on their efforts, a lead bullet in the .222 Remington cartridge case offers a delightful variety of practical applications.

poured with the gap reduced to as little as .030. There is very little scar left and the base of the bullet is exceedingly flat and uniform. Too, carefully selected bullets cast in this manner group closely wi thou t any effort to index or uniformly chamber the bullet with regard to the position of the sprue. In fact, there was, over a series of 20 five-shot groups, n o measurable difference between groups fired with random chambering and careful attention to uniform bullet position. (Test bullets were carefully inspected and selected) Groups did, however, average .327 (at 100 yards) smaller than those fired with bullets cast in conventional manner with factory cut-off plates. “Flyers” were virtually

The foregoing information is not supplied in an effort to discourage

- Jaurrrl-P.brwry, 1970

x

rabbits are ideal game medium velocity 1

remarkable, is plenty good to hi squirrel’s head at normal hunting ranges

Our initial testing for best accur included only bullets cast of linoty alloy because this miu has given su

Four cast bullets in .22 caliber, left to right, are Lyman &-grain 225438, 225415 (SO grain), @-grain 22545Qand %-grain 225462

Both of these sprues are the same size and both are off center. However, the effect this imperfection will have on accuracy will be much greater with the smaller bullet.

The bullet shown above was cast with the sprue cutter deliberately off center. The base is sharp and clean with only a slight mark at the edge of the base. Below is the same bullet alongside one cast with sprue cutter in normal position. This technique proved quite effective.

reliable and consistent results that it is regarded a non-variable factor. Likewise, Javelina bullet lubricant, a 50-50 blend of beeswax and Alox 2138F lubricant, was used exclusively.

I t was found that if one establishes an accuracy criteria of one-inch grouping at 50 yards, a variety of alloys will be entirely satisfactory. This includes blends as soft as a 1 in 20 tin-lead mix. Naturally th i s is considerably less costly than the relatively expensive linotype alloy. Nonetheless, bullets cast of linotype alloy proved to be materially more

Below are rifles used in testing cast bullets in .222 Remington. Top to bottom, Remington 700 BDL Varmint Weight with Lyman 20X Super targetspot scope; Remington 40-X heavy barrel with Bausch & Lomb 6-24X scope and Sako Vixen heavy barrel model with Weaver 1OX scope.

28

accurate for 100-yard grouping and at velocities over 1,850 fps.

Too, the advantages of using an Alox blend lubricant are more apparent at velocities of 1,800 fps and over. At reduced velocities all commercial l u b r i c a n t s t r ied gave en t i re ly satisfactory performances.

After a bit of experimenting with various diameters it was found that a .224-inch sizing generally resulted in best accuracy. The sized diameter which gave best accuracy, however, depended not on the rifle but, rather, the bullet used! Clearly, .224 diameter bullets gave best accuracy so long as the bullets were not overly reduced and thus deformed in the sizing operation.

A bullet which measured .2275 as it came from the mould gave best accuracy wheri sized to .225. Another mould which cast the same design bullet at .225 gave best accuracy at .224”. Too, this bullet gave substantially better accuracy than t h e larger bullet regardless of sized diameter.

Thus it is clear that sizing should be kept to a minimum and in the case of bullets which are grossly oversize as t hey come from the mould, best accuracy may be found by sizing somewhere between rifle bore diameter and mould diameter.

The four bullets used in our tests were Lyman designs 225438 (45 grains), 225450 (48 grains), 225415 (50 grains) and 225462 (55 grains). Each of these designs is a well proven performer capable of good accuracy. If the experimenter is really interested in a study in depth of .22 caliber cast bullets, it is certainly worth-while to obtain each of these moulds for each tends to exhibit markedly different characteristics with different loadings and at different velocity levels.

If, however, one is only interested in buying the mould which is most likely to give hest results in any given rifle, desighs 225438 and 225450 may be eliminated now. This leaves the 50-grain 225415 and 55-grain 225462. If your interest is hunting and plinking, the 225415 design offers the very important advantage of having all its lube rings protected when properly seated in the 2 2 2 case neck. (This means not seating the bullet so deep that the base of the bullet extends beyond the juncture of the neck and shoulder.) This factor, plus the inherent good accuracy of the 225415 bullet, makes it a good choice.

HANDLOADER - January-February. 1970

r

Ma# m hn mrt

r u s t s t a i n , i m p r o p e r east -peramre-*ese are enemy age

start! Though ;his writer uses a bottom

spout for most bullet casting, the dipper method seemed to produce better .22 caliber bullets.

misaliwent the bullet seating process.

When inspecting, pay particular attention to where the spme was cut. Any dimpled or puckered sprue cut2 will most likely result in flyers. To p r o v e t o y o u r s e l € t h a t these irregulafiities have a definite effect on accuracy, segregate all the bullets with perfect bases into one batch and those with bad or quepionable bases into another. Try a few g r ~ ~ ~ u p s with thes different batches and observe th results. The diHerence can be striking, and the lesson is’well worth learning.

1 Loading the .22 caliber cast bullet presents no special problems other the usual care required for any cast bullet. The thin, elastic neck of the .222 case can be sized and expanded with same sizing die one uses for iacke

Tests for relative accuracy were Remember, you may need a little made, but probably dozens of groups mDre patience to brew up good c a t would have been fequired t Q indicate a loads in the .222, bdt Once trend, if my. we did fhd that the techniques itre mastered, I’m sure y bullets poured with a dipper tefided to .have the same degree of enjoyment be more uniform in surface texture and I’m having. e thus rejects were fewer. Chamfering me case mouch (above)

will avoid shaving bullets during h e seating operation. Below, the Vickennan bullet seater is good for perfect seating alignment; tolerances are so close with the Vickerman that a bullet .oOl-inch oversize will not enter the guide sleeve.

’

bullets wi&out any tendency io sh or otherwise mutilate the saft bullet. 0

i.