pda and mobile

8/9/2019 PDA and Mobile

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Presented To:

Miss Sehreen

Mirpur University of Science

Technology (MUST)

Mirpur Azad Kashmir Pakistan

Presented By:

BSSE 3rd Semester

y Raza Ahmed

Roll No. 40([email protected])

y Waqas Sharoom

Roll No. 30

y Abaid Ullah

Roll No. 32


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Introduction to PDAThe main purpose of a personal digital assistant (PDA) is

to act as an electronic organizer or day planner that is

portable, easy to use and- capable of sharing information with

yourPC. It's supposed to be an

extension of the PC, not a repla-

-cement.PDAs, also called handhelds

orpalmtops, have definitely evol

-ved over the years. Not only can

they manage your personal infor-

-mation, such as contacts, appoi-

-ntments, and to-do lists, today's

devices can also connect to the

Internet, act as global positioning

system (GPS) devices, and run

multimedia software. What's more,


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Manufacturers have combined PDAs with cell phones,

multimedia players and other electronic gadgetry.

As its capabilities continue

to grow, the standard PDA

device is changing. Here we

will discuss the PDA -- whereit's been, how it is converging

with other devices, and where

it's headed. We'll also exam-

-ine how PDAs work and give

you some pointers on how to

select one.


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The PDA Computer

Microprocessors and Memory

Like standard desktop and laptop computers,

PDAs are powered by microprocessors. The microprocessor

is the brain of the PDA, and it coordinates all of the

functions according to programmed instructions. Unlike

desktop PCs and laptops, PDAs use smaller, cheaper

microprocessors. Although these microprocessors tend to

be slower than their PC counterparts, they're adequate

for the tasks that PDAs perform. The benefits of small

size and price outweigh the cost of slow speeds. A PDA

doesn't have a hard disk. It stores basic programs

(address book, calendar, memo pad and operating system)

in a read-only memory (ROM) chip, which remains intact

even when the machine shuts down. Your data and any

programs you add later are stored in the device's

random-access memory (RAM). Information in RAM is only

available


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when the device is on. Due to their design, PDAs

keep data in RAM safe because they continue to

draw a small amount of power from the batteries

even when you turn the device off.

Less powerful PDAs have lower amounts of RAM.However, many application programs take up

significant memory space, so most models have

more memory. Also, Pocket PC devices generally

require more resources and have even more RAM.

To provide additional memory, many PDAs accept

removable flash media add-on cards. These are

handy for storing large files or multimedia

content, such as digital photos.Some newer PDAs, such as the Palm Tungsten E2, use

flash memory instead of RAM. Flash memory is

non-volatile, which means it preserves the data

and applications it stores -- even when all

battery power is depleted.

Operating Systems

The operating system contains the pre-programmed

instructions that tell the microprocessor what

to do. The operating systems used by PDAs are

not as complex as those used by PCs. They have

fewer instructions, which require less memory.

Here's an inside view ofa PDA. The circuit board

folds away from the

screen. In the middle of

the single-layer circuit

board is the

microprocessor, and to

the left and above are

the memory chips.


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Input Methods

PDAs vary in how you input data and commands. Some devices

use a stylus and touch screen exclusively in combination

with a handwriting recognition program. Using a plastic

stylus, you draw characters on the device's display ordedicated writing area. Software inside the PDA converts

the characters to letters and numbers. On Palm devices,

the software that recognizes these letters is called

Graffiti. Graffiti requires that each letter be recorded

in a certain way, and you must use a specialized alphabet.

For example, to write the letter "A," you draw an upside-

down V. The letter "F" looks like an inverted L. To help

Graffiti make more accurate guesses, you must draw letterson one part of the screen and numbers in another part.

Pocket PC PDAs offer three handwriting-recognition

applications: Transcriber, Letter Recognizer and Block

Recognizer. Letter Recognizer and Block Recognizer are

similar to Graffiti and require specialized alphabets. By

contrast, Transcriber recognizes your "regular"

handwriting, as long as you write legibly. It is similar

to the handwriting recognition capabilities found on

Tablet PCs.


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If you can't get the hang of PDA handwriting, you can use

a miniature onscreen keyboard. It looks just like a

regular keyboard, except you tap on the letters with the

stylus. In addition, many devices now include a small (and

usually cramped) QWERTY keyboard. Some of these require

you to use your thumbs to type. And you can use a full-

size keyboard by connecting it to the PDA via Bluetooth or

a USB port. Each model also has a few buttons and

navigation dials to bring up applications and scroll

through files.


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LCDDisplay

PDAs use an LCD (liquid-crystal

display) screen. Unlike the LCD

screens for desktop or laptop

computers, which are used solely as

output devices, PDAs use their screens

for output and input. The LCD screens

of PDAs are smaller than laptopscreens, but vary in size. Almost all

PDAs now offer color displays.

PDA displays have the following

features:

Transflective TFT (thin-film transistor)

LCD for indoor and outdoor use

Different pixel resolutions with higher

resolutions for better quality

Color screen

Backlighting for reading in low light


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Input Methods

PDAs vary in how you input data and commands. Some devices

use a stylus and touch screen exclusively in combination with a

handwriting recognition program. Using a plastic stylus, you

draw characters on the device's display or dedicated writing

area. Software inside the PDA converts the characters to

letters and numbers. On Palm devices, the software that

recognizes these letters is called Graffiti. Graffiti requires

that each letter be recorded in a certain way, and you must usea specialized alphabet. For example, to write the letter "A,"

you draw an upside-down V. The letter "F" looks like an

inverted L. To help Graffiti make more accurate guesses, you

must draw letters on one part of the screen and numbers in

another part.

Pocket PC PDAs offer three handwriting-recognition

applications: Transcriber, Letter Recognizer and Block

Recognizer. Letter Recognizer and Block Recognizer are similarto Graffiti and require specialized alphabets. By contrast,

Transcriber recognizes your "regular" handwriting, as long as

you write legibly. It is similar to the handwriting recognition

capabilities found on Tablet PCs.


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Introduction ofMobile PhoneA mobile phone (also calledmobile,cellphone

orhandphone)[1] is an electronic device used

for mobile telecommunications over a

cellular network of base stations known as

cell sites.

Mobile phones differ from cordless telephones,

which only offer telephone service within limited

range through a single base station attached toa fixed line, for example within a home or an

office.

addition to being atelephone, modern mobile phones also support many

additionalservices, andaccessor ies, such asSM S (ortext)

messages,em ail,Int ernet access, gaming,Bluetooth,infr ared,cam

era,MMS messaging,

MP3 player, radioand GPS.The first hand held phone was demonstrated by

Martin Cooperof Motorola in 1973, using a handset

weighing in at two kilos.[2] By the end of 2009, the number of

mobile cellular subscriptions worldwide reached approximately 4.6

billion, penetrating the

developing economies and reaching the

bottom of the economic pyramid.[3]


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Architecture


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ArchitectureNow, we will discuss about circuit of mobile

phone, and it can be best explained by the diagram

presented on next slide. Well actually its a

development circuit board for the google Android

operating system by Qualcomm.

Nokia E71 has microprocessor with power

300 Mhz, much higher than the old PCs(P 1)


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In the left diagram, we can see the

locations of Viberator, Display ICs and

other important hardware. It is the circuit of

Nokia 1660, thats why in its diagram, there

is not any powerful microprocessor as used

in Nokia N series and E71.

Image on the right side explains the

use of jumper, when your mobile

screen is damaged or showing

white light.


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PDAs & Mobiles

Consideration

There are a lot of good handheld

Computers (Mobile and PDAs)

available and some bad ones.

What environment will you beusing the handheld computer in

- is it hot, cold, wet, dusty

or filled with explosive

vapors? Is it a clean office

environment, or a rugged out-of-doors

environment?

Is your software application focused

exclusively on bar code scanning, RFIDreading, GPS, or do you need a multi-purpose

device?

Will the hardware configuration ever need to

be changed? Some handhelds can be configured

at will, others are locked and can only be

used with the original configuration.

What hardware does your selected software

require?


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:::The End:::...

If you have any questions, you can ask now.

Thanks for anticipation

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