pd10 grp05-foreignpolicy

8/21/2019 Pd10 Grp05-ForeignPolicy

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Foreign Policy during the Turn of the Century

By: Meagan Odette, Felicity Ng, Albert Mokrej!, Tim Lu, Jordan Louie


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Protest against the Vietnam War " Who

o College studentso Vietnam Veterans Against the War

" Whyo Widespread disillusionment

! Everyone saw the horrorso Cost of the war

! By 1961, American troops inVietnam approached 500,00

! $25 billion per yearo Pentagon papers released

! Secret Department of Defense study of US political and military involvement in

Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. Released in mid 1971


3/26

Post Vietnam War

" 1973 War Powers Resolutiono President could not send troops into combat for over ninety days without congressional

consent" Vietnam Syndrome

o Fear and reluctance of Americans to intervene militarily in third world countries" Foreign policy makers reached a new consensus

o "the United States should use military force only as a last resort; only where the nationalinterest is clearly involved; only when there is strong public support; and only in thelikelihood of a relatively quick, inexpensive victory."


4/26

Video! :D


5/26

China

" 1971o April

! US ping-pong team invited to China! warming relations

o July! Henry Kissinger takes secret trip to China! US recognizes People’s Republic of China

" 1972o Visited by Nixon

! International Issues discussed


6/26

China

" 1979o One China Policy

! full diplomatic recognition" 1989

o Tiananmen Square! Students hold protests demanding democratic reform and end to corruption! leads to violent end! US suspends military sales to China

" 2000o Normalized trade relationso US-China Relations Act


7/26

Russia

" After The Cold Waro Relations start getting better under Gorbachev’s ruleo SALT 1969 and START I 1991 treaties are agreed upon, limiting nuclear arsenals

! Calming of tensionso Apollo-Soyuz Mission 1975

! Handshake in space between a Russian and an American! Beginning of larger cooperating in the exploration of space

o Russia gains a permanent seat on the UN security council! Part of the Big 5

o Russia Indicates NATO’s expansion into the Eastern Bloc would be considered hostile


8/26

Russia

" The 1990so Further cooperation between space programs

! 1994 Joint shuttle missions: Spaceship Discovery! 1998 International Space Station launch

" Components from many countries used, but USA and Russia were majorcontributors

o START II 1996! Further reductions on nuclear arsenals

o Russia declares that they are on neutral terms with NATO! NATO-Russia Founding Act! Progress since the cold war, but Russia still does not assist NATO functions


9/26

Russia

" The New Millenniumo Under Putin

! Russia voices international disapproval about the invasion of Iraq! Tensions spike over installations in Europe in 2006

" America placed missile-defense-systems in Poland to defend Europe and America

" Russia considers this hostile and places missile arrays near borders! Russia warns against NATO expansion into Ukraine in 2008

" Russia still trying to isolate itself


10/26

Russia

" The New Millenniumo Under Medvedev

! Reset of USA-Russia relations 2009" New administrations declare a fresh international relationship

! New START treaty" Limits nuclear arsenals and pushes on Iran to do so as well

! Russia allies with NATO" Not active but does not intervene

o Allowed passage through Russia during actions in Afghanistan


11/26

Russia

" The 2010so Under Putin

! Edward Snowden Incident" Snowden granted political asylum in Russia

" Negotiations with America fall apart! Ukraine Crisis

" Russia seized crimea, citing major Russian population" Ukraine Freedom Support Act

o Lack of support for Russian businesses weakens Russian economy" NATO interventions

o Russia responds by making accusations of historic biases by NATOagainst Russia


12/26

Iran

" Islamic Revolution of 1979o American supported Shah kicked out

! Mohammad Reza Shaho Ayatollah Khomeini

! anti-Americano Islamic Republic of Iran

" 1980o US break diplomatic relations with Iran

! Iranian Hostage Crisis" 60 American hostages" freed 1981


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Iran

" 1985o Iran-Contra scandal

! US ships weapons to Iran! Profits illegally sent to Nicaragua

" 1988o USS Vincennes shoots down Iran Air flighto 290 passengers killed

! many were Iranians traveling to Meccao President Reagan: “ understandable accident” but deep regreto Iran accused US of barbaric massacre

! vowed to avenge blood of martyrs


14/26

Iran

" 1997o Mohammad Khatami

! reformist! promises to heal relations with US! considered US attempts to westernize democracy as a joke! “We will not allow any foreigner to deal with our destiny”

" reply to GWB’s comment on Iranian protests" 2002

o US accuses Iran of nuclear warfare program! Sanctions on Iran (oil)

o Axis of Evil! Iran is in ‘axis of evil’ with North Korea and Iraq


15/26

Iran

" 2005o Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

! Ultra-conservative! May have participated in hostage situation (1980)! Defended nuclear program

" Blamed sanction on pressure from US! US a bullying power

" unfairness of NPT" nearing collapse

! Criticizes Obama! Claims Holocaust was myth


16/26

Iran

" 2013o Hassan Rouhani

! diplomat sheikh" wants deal on nuclear program

" fix Iran-US relationso Obama-Rouhani call

! first time Iran and US leaders talk to each other in 30 yrso Interim Accord

! stop advancement of nuclear program! allow international inspectors

" 2014o US-Iran plans for Iraqo ease international economic sanctions


17/26

Iran

" 2015o Economic

! prohibits trade and investments! allow sale of food and medicine

o US encourages Iran to discuss concerns! terrorism

" Aid terrorist organizations" Uses hostage situations to solve problems

! nuclear program" Iran doesn't support NPT

! human rightso Embassy in Switzerland concerned with US-Iran relations


18/26

Panama Canal

" US wanted a passageway through the Atlantic and Pacific coasts" Clayton-Bulwer treaty between the US and Great Britain to make canal through the Central

American republic of Nicaraguao Anglo-American Canal never makes it past planning stages

" The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901 repeals Clayton-Bulwer Treatyo Allow US to pursue canal by itselfo Colombia's congress rejected it because they believed the financial terms were

unacceptable." Pres Roosevelt responded by sending warships to Panama City to help Panama become

independent- independence won from Columbiao Philippe Bunau-Varilla allowed US to have a 10 mile strip of land to make canal


19/26

Detente

" definition: "a relaxing of tension, especially between nations, as by negotiations or agreements."" Was the thawing of cold war

o increased discussion of on arms control and security of Europeo Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (1968)

o Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) (1972 first one)o Helsinki Final Act

" By end of 1970's tensions between US and Soviet Union arise againo Lead to breakdown of detente with both sides having very different views on how it should

have goneo Stalled progress on arms control


20/26

9/11 (September 11, 2001)

" A coordinated terrorist attack by al-Qaeda, an Islamist extremist groupo Lacked power/resources to attack US military

! attacked symbolic places in the hope of creating widespread fear in America" 19 people hijacked 4 commercial planes

o 2 crashed into the Twin Towers-->Destruction of World Trade Centero 1 in Pentagono Last one crashed 20 min from DC after passengers on the plane fought back. Was

possibly headed to the Capitol building" 2977 people killed


21/26

Destruction of Twin Towers

480 # 360 - youtube.com


22/26

Effects of 9/11

" Bush Administration declared a “War on terror”$ Open and covert military operations$ New security legislation$ Efforts to block financing of terrorism

" President Bush: “Any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by theUnited States as a hostile regime.” 9/20/01

" War with Afghanistan$ Al-Qaeda was based in Afghanistan$ US warn the Taliban that they would attack unless they handed over the terrorists. %

Taliban refused$ “Operation Enduring Freedom” launched on 10/7/01 by the US


23/26

Wordle


24/26

Sources

1. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5314.htm, June 29, 2015

2. http://www.history.com/topics/iran-hostage-crisis

3. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24316661, 6/1/15

4. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/3/newsid_4678000/4678707.stm

5. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/4570970/Iranian-Revolution-Telegraph-correspondent-

relives-1979.html,Iranian Revolution: Telegraph correspondent relives 1979,June, 8, 20156. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/03/photo-irans-1979-revolution-was-democratic/254082/ 7. http://tdl.org/txlor-dspace/bitstream/handle/2249.3/242/14_reag_cld_wr_ev_emp.htm?sequence=6,Photo:Iran’s 1979

Revolution was Democratic, June 8, 20158. http://www.iranchamber.com/history/mkhatami/mohammad_khatami.php,Regan, the Cold War, and the Evil Empire, June

8, 20159. http://www.biography.com/people/mahmoud-ahmadinejad-38656 ,Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Biography, June 8, 201510. http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/president-of-iran-hassan-rouhani-time-to-engage/

2013/09/19/4d2da564-213e-11e3-966c-9c4293c47ebe_story.html , President of Iran Hassan Rouhani:Time to Engage,June 8, 2015

11. http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/pictures/flags/iran.html, Country Flags, June 8,201512. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3027382.stm 13. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11709428 14. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1814659.stm 15. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0504/NPT-101-Clash-between-nuclear-haves-and-have-nots


25/26

Source

1. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0923/Mahmoud-Ahmadinejad-s-top-5-quotes-to-the-UN-2005-2009/2006-America-s-bleak-record-on-nuclear-weapons

2. http://www.hudson.org/research/9108-haves-and-have-nots-unfairness-in-nuclear-weapons-possession- 3. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0923/Mahmoud-Ahmadinejad-s-top-5-quotes-to-the-

UN-2005-2009/2006-America-s-bleak-record-on-nuclear-weapons

4. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-10866448 5. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-22886729 6. http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-iran-nuclear-20141021-story.html 7. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/tehran/axis/terror.html 8. http://history.state.gov/countries/iran 9. http://www.nasa.gov/topics/history/features/astp_35.html 10. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/salt 11. http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/treaties-between-united-states-america-and-union-soviet-socialist-republics-

strategic-offensive-reductions-start-i-start-ii/ 12. http://www.un.org/en/sc/members/ 13. http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/treaty-between-united-states-america-and-union-soviet-socialist-republics-

strategic-offensive-reductions-start-ii/ 14. http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_25468.htm 15. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2003/03/russ-m29.html 16. http://rt.com/op-edge/217131-ukraine-nato-russia-conflict-poroshenko/


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Source

1. https://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2009/04/22/the-tank-man/ 2. http://mentalfloss.com/article/31482/how-nixons-trip-china-inspired-great-american-opera 3. http://www.911memorial.org/faq-about-911 6/5/20154. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/detente 6/5/20155. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/detente 6/5/20156. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/panama-canal 6/6/20157. https://www.pinterest.com/DandyPuff/futurama/ 8. http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/vietnam/postwar.htm 9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=590gpMRS_qI 10. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/tet 11. http://www.ushistory.org/us/55d.asp 12. http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war 13. http://www.haaretz.com/news/world/1.596022

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