pc ppt
TRANSCRIPT
INTROMISSION
A Multivariable process admits inputs & outputs. In general,
the no. of inputs should be larger than or equal to the no. of outputs so that the process is controllable.
Thus, we will assume ≥
MULTIVARIABLE
Multivariable analysis is a tool for determining the relative
contributions of different causes to a single event.
As an example, in clinical research we need multivariable analysis,
like infectious diseases that are known to be caused by a single
pathogen, a no. of factors whether an exposed individual
becomes ill, including the characteristics of the pathogen, the root
of exposure, the intensity & the host response.
The system is supposed to have been identified in continuous time by
transfer functions.
In general, this identification is performed by
sequentially imposing signals such as steps on
each input Ui( i=1,….,Nu) & recording
the corresponding vector of the responses
Yij(j=1,…….,Ny).
From each input-output couple
(Ui,Yi), a transfer function is deduced by a least-squares
procedure.
In open loop, the Nyo/p’s Yi are linked to the Nu inputs Uj &
to the Nddisturbances Dk by the following set of Ny linear equations
• +…….+ + +……..+• = +…….+ + +……………+• Which will be written in open loop under condensed matrix
form as• Y = U+ D• Where y is the O/P vector, u is the input vector & d is the
distribution vector( the modeled disturbances), is the rectangular matrix , the elements of which are the input-output transfer functions, & is the rectangular matrix , the elements of matrix represent the principal effects b/w the I/P’s & the O/P’s, while the non-diagonal elements represent the couplings.
+,
INTERACTION
An Interaction occurs when the impact of a risk factor on outcome is changed by the value of a third variable.
RELATIVE GAIN ARRAY
The interaction b/w loops can be evaluated by a method based on the
study of the relative gain array introduced by Bristol.
The loops influence themselves in a more or less important manner & a possible effect is that some loops
destabilize the closed-loop system.
The RGA Model provides a simple way to decide how a set of input signals should be utilized to
control a given set of output signals.
The steady-state RGA matrices for the linearizedmodel in the three operating points are
Λ(Gu¯3(0)) = 0.0055 0.9945
• 0.9945 0.0055
Λ(Gu¯2(0)) = 0.0051 0.9949
• 0.9949 0.0051
Λ(Gu¯1(0)) = 0.0041 0.9959
• 0.9959 0.0041.
The RGA method is relatively easy to
implement, & for this reason is frequently used in chemical engineering.
It is limited in its original form, as it uses only
steady-state information.
It can be extended by using frequency
representations(Hovd & Skogestad)
DECOUPLERS
A Multivariable system presents the
particularly that the inputs are coupled to
the outputs.
Different methods exist, allowing us
to ensure at least a partial decoupling for a multivariable
system.
This is particularly important in the treatment by a
transfer function matrix.
DECOUPLING FOR A 2×2 SYSTEM
APPLICATION TO WOOD & BERRY DISTILLATION COLUMN
REFERENCESContents form-
Jean-Pierre Corriou,
Book, of Process
Control.
http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam032/98039350.pdf
http://user.it.uu.se/~bc/WWT/BHalvarsson_Avh.pdf