Patterns of intra-urban migration leading to gentrification,

ghettoisation and student districts

Aims

• To recap urban models• To consider why intra-urbanisation occurs• To understand the process of gentrification

through the case study of Notting Hill• To define ghettoisation • To investigate Ghettoisation in the USA and the

UK• To understand the impacts studentification is

having on cities such as Cardiff and Bristol

Remember this…..

Remember this…..

Task

• Using Waugh, draw and take notes on

• The Burgess Concentric Model

• The Hoyt Model

Model of low and middle income life cycles Therefore socio

economic groupings can develop

Reasons for movements in Urban Areas

• Personal Changes – family size, career change, opportunities, personal aspirations, area changing

• Low cost rents and low quality housing in the inner city area – students, ethnic groups and low income families

• When income increases often move to bigger houses in the suburbs

• Highest incomes often live on expensive housing estates in the suburbs or in surrounding villages

• Some areas have seen a regeneration of the CBD with richer people moving back in

• Photos of each land use zone

Look at two models and do quiz...

To what extent does Cardiff look like either the Burgess or Holt model?

Describe the city and compare the two models. Are there any major zones that are the same or different?

http://www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk/vtc/land_use_models/eng/Cardifflandusep/

Use your worksheet with this map and describe each place – housing etc. Open space, land use

Where do people live?

• The location of your chosen home can often depend on your age and economic position. Match these people with their housing type and the area they live in.

• How does intra-urban migration lead to the development of student districts/ghettos?

Intra-urban migration

Start here...

• Wednesday 6th Feb

Studentification and ghettoisation in Cardiff

• Studentification

• Ghettoisation• A ghetto is a portion of a city where the population is almost

exclusively made up of a single ethnic or cultural minority eg black or Puerto Rican Harlem in New York

• This tends to be because of social, legal or economic pressure

Segregation:

% Students

% lndex of Dissimilarity

% Students

% lndex of Dissimilarity

% Students

% lndex of Dissimilarity

Cardiff 7.0 82.8 Coventry 5.7 63.6 Swindon 1.0 33.5 Leeds 5.1 80.7 Aberdeen 3.8 63.0 Blackpool 1.3 32.3 Southampton 6.5 78.6 Sunderland 2.7 62.8 Peterborough 0.9 31.8 Hull 3.4 76.1 Portsmouth 2.8 61.7 Barnsley 1.1 31.3 Sheffield 4.2 75.6 Northampton 2.9 60.2 Gloucester 1.1 31.3 Nottingham 5.0 74.7 Belfast 3.1 60.1 Grimsby 0.9 29.9

Cambridge 17.0 74.5 Bournemouth 2.8 58.8 Milton Keynes 1.2 29.6

Reading 3.2 73.4 Telford 1.6 57.1 Doncaster 1.0 28.8 Edinburgh 4.5 71.9 Bradford 2.6 56.5 Blackburn 1.3 28.7 Swansea 4.1 71.5 Preston 2.6 55.3 Mansfield 0.9 27.4 Plymouth 4.1 71.5 Birmingham 2.7 55.3 Aldershot 1.2 27.4 Stoke 3.4 68.4 Brighton 4.9 53.9 Rochdale 1.5 27.3 Bristol 4.2 68.1 Huddersfield 2.7 50.3 Worthing 1.1 27.1 Norwich 3.5 66.8 Luton 3.5 48.2 Southend 0.9 26.9 Oxford 16.7 66.4 Wakefield 1.2 48.0 Crawley 1.1 25.6 Manchester 3.4 66.1 Middlesbrough 2.0 46.2 Burnley 1.2 25.4 Derby 3.3 65.5 Glasgow 3.1 44.2 Hastings 1.0 25.3 York 5.5 65.5 Ipswich 1.2 39.1 Birkenhead 1.3 22.8 Liverpool 3.9 65.3 London 3.6 36.7 Wigan 1.1 22.6 Newcastle 3.5 64.6 Bolton 1.8 35.1 Leicester 4.5 63.8 Chatham 1.3 34.6

Cardiff Wards

Use the census data to identify the social and cultural differences found within Cardiff.

Try to identify ghettos and student districts

Answer these questions…1. Which ward has the highest number of students? State the number.

2. Which ward has the second highest number of students? State the number.

3. Which ward has the highest number of ethnic minorities? State the number.

4. Which ward has the lowest number of ethnic minorities? State the no.

5. Which ward is the most affluent? State the no in AB/C1 band.

6. Which ward has the highest no on state benefit? State the no.

7. Which ward has the lowest no on state benefit? State the no.

8. Which ward would you describe as a ghetto?

9. Which ward has seen studentification?

Label the map of Cardiff – outlining its social and cultural structure.

Homework : What did we find out?

• 1. How does the social and cultural structure of settlements (Cardiff) vary [and why]?

• 2. Pattern of intra-urban migration leading to ghettoisation and student districts – what wards show elements of these two?

• 3. What are the causes of the different social and cultural make up of cities? (Cardiff):

3. Causes of the different social and cultural make up of cities

(Cardiff):• The social structure of Cardiff is influenced by :

1. Intra – urban migration = the movement of people within an urban area.

2. Filtering - process by which social groups move out of a designated area, which often changes the social nature of the area. Eg ethnic groups from Cardiff bay after regeneration.

3. Increasing mobility – people can travel in cars to places of work ...commuting is common so people live near people they want to.eg Pentyrch

4. Increased income – people can move to commuter/suburbanised villages on the outskirts of cities – cost is high but they can afford it

5. Planning decisions eg regeneration of Cardiff Bay area and building of student flats near Gabalfa.

6. Proximity to water – Cardiff bay is now attractive as a bay destination with leisure and recreational users.

7. Height of land and prevailing wind can also influence who lives where!