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TRANSCRIPT
Pathways for Coal Power Generation ina Low-Carbon World
Amy R. EricsonNational Conference of State Legislatures
20 Nov 2008
National Conference of State Legislatures Nov 2008 Page 2
Agenda
Emitting Less and Capturing More
Carbon Capture
Technologies Advancement
Demonstration & Deployment
What this means for new and existing fossil generation
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No Single Solution – Multiple Building Blocks• Demand Reduction
− Consumer behavior− Efficient appliances and buildings− Energy management
• Technology Mix − Nuclear − Renewables
• Production Efficiency − Fuel Preparation/Retrofit− New Plants
• Carbon Capture and Storage
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Realistic Reductions in the Power Sector
19,0
11,0
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2005 IEA 2030
CO2 emission(Gt/Year)
IEA 20302005Source: Alstom analysis
Demand Reduction
Stabilizing power emissions by 2030 is possible
2,5
1,5
1,5
11,0
2,0
Demandreduction
Technologymix
Productionefficiency
CCS 2030 AlstomTarget
[1 to 4]
[1 to 3]
[9 to 13]
CCS
Technology Mix
ProductionEfficiency
Realistic 2030 Target
-50% by 2030
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EFFICIENCYImportant basis for both operating and new plants
New EquipmentHigh efficiency plantsBiomass co-firingCarbon capture and storage
Service and RetrofitRetrofit (efficiency improvement)Biomass Cofiring/Fuel switch Integrated Retrofit Projects
Existing power plant New power plant
HHV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60%
Plant Efficiency
CO
2Em
issi
ons
lbs/
MW
h
LigniteBituminous CoalCoal +20% BiomassNatural Gas
SC/USC
NGCC
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Biomass and Fuel Preparation
Biomass Co-firing: - 20% CO2
Lignite drying Retrofit: - 10% CO2
Opportunities
• Up to 20 % CO2 avoided
• Retrofitable to existing coal plants
• Flexibility – low incremental cost
• Most efficient use of biomass
Challenges
• Biomass logistics and availability
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Agenda
Emitting Less and Capturing More
Carbon Capture
Technologies Advancement
Demonstration & Deployment
What this means for new and existing fossil generation
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CO2 CAPTURE SOLUTIONSZero emission technology pathways
Pre-combustionPre-combustion
Power Plant with CO2 CapturePower Plant with CO2 Capture
Post-combustion(New + retrofit)
Post-combustion(New + retrofit)
Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)
Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)
Source: VattenfallSource: Vattenfall
SOLUTIONS DEVELOPED BY ALSTOM
Source: Vattenfall
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CO2 CAPTURE SOLUTIONSZero emission technology pathways
Pre-combustionPre-combustion
Power Plant with CO2 CapturePower Plant with CO2 Capture
Post-combustion(New + retrofit)
Post-combustion(New + retrofit)
Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)
Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)
Source: VattenfallSource: Vattenfall
SOLUTIONS DEVELOPED BY ALSTOM
Source: Vattenfall
SHIFT
CAPTURE
BURN H2
Pre-combustion with CO2 capture (IGCC with CO2 capture)
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CO2 CAPTURE SOLUTIONSZero emission technology pathways
Pre-combustionPre-combustion
Power Plant with CO2 CapturePower Plant with CO2 Capture
Post-combustion(New + retrofit)
Post-combustion(New + retrofit)
Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)
Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)
Source: VattenfallSource: Vattenfall
SOLUTIONS DEVELOPED BY ALSTOM
Source: Vattenfall
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CO2 CAPTURE SOLUTIONSZero emission technology pathways
Pre-combustionPre-combustion
Power Plant with CO2 CapturePower Plant with CO2 Capture
Post-combustion(New + retrofit)
Post-combustion(New + retrofit)
Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)
Oxy-combustion(New + retrofit)
Source: VattenfallSource: Vattenfall
SOLUTIONS DEVELOPED BY ALSTOM
Source: Vattenfall
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Post-CombustionChilled Ammonia Process
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Post-CombustionField Pilots
WE Energies Industrial pilot program
• Project participation through EPRI by over 30 US and international utilities
• Designed to capture up around 15,000 tons/year of CO2 at full capacity
• Parametric testing to commence summer 2008
• Will provide data necessary to establish “proof of concept” Pleasant Prairie Power Plant (US)
Karlshamn Power Plant (Sweden)
Eon Pilot Program
• Designed to capture approximately 15,000 tons/year of CO2 at full capacity
• Project schedule:
-Commissioning Summer 08
-Testing Fall 2008
• Testing to continue into late 2009
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Industrial demonstrator 40 MWt,Mongstad (Norway)
Industrial demonstrator 30 MWt,Mountaineer (US)
AEP Demonstration and Validation program
• Designed to capture up to 100,000 tons/year of CO2 at full capacity from coal plant
• Saline aquifers storage
• Commenced engineering Oct 07:commissioning 09
StatoilHydro Norway
• European Test Centre Mongstad for flue gases from natural gas CHP plant and a refinery
• Designed to capture 100,000 tons/year
Post-CombustionDemonstrations: AEP,STATOIL, Transalta
Transalta Validation Plant Program
• Designed to capture up to Mtons/year of CO2 at full capacity from coal plant
• Project schedule -Engineering 2008
-Testing expected in 2012Large scale CCS facility in Alberta (Canada)
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Post Combustion CO2 CaptureAmine based processes
Amine CO2 capture is proven
• Retrofitable • Installed on a few plants burning coal• High energy demand for regeneration
Exclusive partnership with DOW
– Advanced Amines– Improved Process– Plant Integration
SHADY POINT, OKLAHOMA, USAAES CFB w/ MEA CO2 separation
PP EsbjergDenmark
1 t CO2/h pilot plant (CASTOR EU-FP6)
Warrior Run, MarylandAES CFB w/MEA CO2 separation
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Oxy-CombustionOxy-PC: Demonstrations
Main features• 9 t/h CO2
30 MWt Demonstration – Schwarze Pumpe, Germany
30 MWt demonstration – Lacq, France
• Goal: validation and improvementof oxyfuel process starting 2008
Source: VattenfallMain features• 150,000 tons CO2 will be stored in a
depleted gas field• Retrofit of an existing boiler
30 MWth: TOTAL Lacq
30 MWth: Vattenfall
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Oxy and Post Combustion: Overview of all Technologies
Long Term Research
Prototype Stage
Demo stage
Commercial
>15 years
10-15 years
5-10 years
< 5 years
Time to Market
Oxy technologies Post combustion
Long Term Research
Laboratory Stage
Demo stage
Commercial
>15 years
10-15 years
5-10 years
< 5 years
Time to Market
Chemical Looping
Oxy CFB
Oxy PC
Anti-sublimation
Ammonia Scrubbing
Advanced Amines
High surface solids, membranes, enzyme,algae, solid absorbentOTM, CAR
Sargas
Alstom involved Alstom not involved
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Local, limited EOR projects + Demo
CO2 Capture and StorageDeployment time-line
2010 2015 2020 2030
Post-comb.
Pre-comb.
Oxy-comb.
EU,US Australia
2025
Pilot / Demo Commercialisation
Ramp-up to full scale saline acquifer storage
Pilot / Demo
Progressive pipeline deployment,depending on validated storage sites
Pilot / Demo Commercialisation
Commercialisation
Pre-commercial
2007
EOR + validation of storage sites
Transport
Storage
Capture
Roadmap
EU,US Australia
Pre-commercial
Pre-commercial
Source: Power Systems analysis
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Agenda
Emitting Less and Capturing More
Carbon Capture – When We Come to the Fork in the Road, We’ll Take It!
Technologies Advancement
Demonstration & Deployment
What this means for new and existing fossil generation
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CAPTURE READYNear term new: CO2 ready power plant concept
Address today the
issues raised by
future stringent
CO2 regulations
CO2readypowerplant
concept
• Definition:− A CO2 capture-ready power plant is a plant
which can include CO2 capture when the necessary regulatory or economic drivers are in place. The aim of building plants that are capture-ready is to avoid the risk of stranded assets or “carbon lock-in“.
• Answer:− Inclusion of sufficient space and access for
the additional facilities that would be required
− Identification of reasonable route(s) to storage of CO2
− A study of options for CO2 capture retrofit and potential pre-investments
The need The response
Insure CO2 readiness of current power plantsSource : ALSTOM analysis
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Capture readyCO2 “Capture Ready” concept for a coal power plant
Improvement of flue gas cleaning and potentially addition of components
Preparation for increased low pressure steam demand fromsteam turbine
Control system adaptation
Arrangement planning
Provision for auxiliaryPower consumption
Optimization of the cooling systemRecovery of heat in the CO2 captureand compression
Optimization of theBoiler surfaces
An integrated approach is key
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Amine – Commercial ScaleAfter implementation
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Conclusions
A portfolio approach is needed: Demand reduction, Renewables, Nuclear, Efficiency, CCS.
Driving technologies to higher efficiency is a solid strategy for lower CO2 in the near and longer term
US and Europe must show leadership: fund early large-scale CCS demonstration plants and change behavior.
Retrofitable CCS technologies are a must to have.
Post-Combustion should be given a higher priority in funded programs.
CCS deployment will be a major industrial challenge and Post-Combustion can provide for progressive ramp-up.
This is URGENT !We are moving beyond paper…Only demonstration will determine the
“real”, lowest cost solution