patho-lab 15th sept--irreversible injury
TRANSCRIPT
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PATHOLOGY LABDATE: - 15 T H SEPT
RAVI A PATEL
CELL INJURY-2IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY
& INFLAMMATORY CELLS
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GEOGRAPHY OF THE SLIDES SHOWN IN THE PATHO LAB- 9:00 AM 15TH SEPT
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TABLE#1
TABLE #2
1 2 3 4
5678
9 10 11 12
13 14 15
Slides of Irreversible Cell injury
Slides ofInflammatory cells
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Reversible injury slides
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LUNG ABSCESS
TYPE OF NECROSIS:- LIQUEFACTIVE
HALL MARK:-
Grossly:- Purulent Exudate(PUS)
Microscopically:- Complete destruction of the tissue and loss of the architecture(We can see Cell debris, infiltrates of lymphocytes, and Fibres)-
Though alveoli and other pulmonary structures can be differentiated depending on the level of lung absess
TYPE OF INFLAMMATION:-CAN BE ACUTE OR CHRONIC
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LEVELS OF LUNG ABSCESS
MINIMAL:- We can appreciate the Pulmonary struct.
MODERATE:- Most of the pulmonary parenchyma are involved in the necrosis
LATENT:- We can rarely appreciate the Pulmonary structures(Most of the tissue has been destroyed)
***Commonest cause is aspiration of infected particles****
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NORMAL LUNG TISSUE
Organ : Lung
Alveolar sac
Alveolar duct
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1
LPO
HPO
GRANULAR DEBRIS
NEUTROPHIL AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY CELLS
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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
TYPE OF NECROSIS:- COAGULATIVE
HALLMARK:- The necrosed Cells appear more eosinophilic(Dark pinkish)
Infiltrates and PMNs become prominent(Neutrophils Spec)
PYKNOSIS:- Nuclear condensationKARYOLYSIS:- Nuclear DissolutionKARYORRHEXIS:- Fragmentation of nucleus into granules
Type Of inflammation:- Acute
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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Kidneys and Heart have only one blood supply unlike other organs
Because of this reason these organs are very sensitive to oxygen deprivation and due to this they usually undergo infarction in any ischemic conditions…..
When we think of infarction its Most commonly HEART AND KIDNEYS
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2
Notice that the Architecture of the Myocardium is still preservedBut the Structures within the cells (Nucleus And cytoplasmic) are not clear..
Karyorrhexis
The nucleus seems to have undergone Pyknosis
MI is Acute type of InflammationSo there are a lot of PMNs
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Acute Pancreatitis
Type of Necrosis:- Enzymatic Fat Necrosis
Hallmark:- Necrotic fat cells have cloudy appearance
The necrotic area is surrounded by inflammatory reactions
Type of inflammation:- Acute
Notice the Architecture being still intact
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Noramal PancreasNo
Islet of Langerhans
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3
Site of Necrosis
Necrotic Tissue Cloudy appearacedue to Autodigestion by Lipase
Inflammatory Reaction
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Type of Necrosis:- Caseous( Coagulative+Liqufaction)
Hallmark:- Chessy appearance
GranulomaEpitheliod cells(they are simply modified macrophages)Giant Cells:-(Many macrophages combine and form Giant cell)
Two types---Langhans and Foreign body Giant cells
CAUSE:- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Type of inflammation:- Chronic
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4
GRANULOMA
Surrounding the Granuloma we can see inflammatory reaction
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TB of the Lymph nodes
Type of Necrosis:- Caseous
HALLMARK:- Purple color- Epithelioid cellsPink Color:- Granuloma
M. Tuberculosis if not removed from the lungs is taken up by the lymph…
Through Lympho-Heamtogenous distribution M. Tuberculosis is spread to different organs
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5
PINK COLOREDGRANULOMA IS THESITE OF NECROSIS
PURPLE COLORED ARE THE EPITHELIOD CELLS
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Tuberculosis of Intestines
Type of Necrosis:- Caseous
Hallmark:- In intestines there is Tunica muscularis which helps in differentiating lung and intesting TB
GranulomaEpithelioid cellsGiant cells
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6Site of necrosis(Granuloma)
Inflammatory ReactionWhere epithelioid cells are visible
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ACUTE APPENDICITIS
HALLMARK:- PMNs(NEUTROPHILS)
MOST COMMON CAUSE:- Enterococcus feacalis
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NORMAL APPENDIX
Organ : Appendix4 layers 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Tunica
muscularis 4. Tunica serosa
12
3
4
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7
Tunica Muscularis
IMPT HALL MARK OF ACUTE APPENDICITISPMNs SPECIALLY NEUTROPHILS
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TUBERCULOID LEPROSY-SKIN
It is a Chronic type of Inflammation
Cause:- Infection by Mycobacterium leprae
Hallmark:-
Granuloma in DermisFoamy cells or Leprae cells in DermisEpithelioid cells
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NORMAL SKIN
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8
Foam cells or Leprae cells
Granuloma in the Dermis Epithelioid cells
Giant cells
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Renal infarction
Kidney and Heart have only one main blood supply
Because of this reason these organs are very sensitive to oxygen deprivation and due to this they usually undergo infarction in any ischemic conditions…..
Hallmark:-
The cells look more eosinophilic,karyolysis And karyorrhexis can be seen
When we think of infarction its Most commonly HEART AND KIDNEYS
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Normal Kidney
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Renal infarction which we couldnot see during our Demo slides
Notice that the structures of Glomerulus and the tubules are still intact
But due to protein degeneration which took place due to the ischaemic infarction the nucleus are fragmented and infiltrates of the PMNs can be seen(This make it more eosinophilic)
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Inflammatory cells
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Cells elevated in different kinds of infections
Bacterial infection:- NeutrophilsNeutrophils contain Myeloperixidase which helps in the O2 dependant pathogen destruction by forming free radicals(Neutrophils will convert into monocytes after their action due to their short life span)
Viral Infection:-LymphocytesLymphocytes will release interferons which in turn will help makes the process of virus recognizition through receptors more effective
Parasitic infection:-EosinophilsThere are granules in Eosinophils which contains neurotoxins,and eosionophil peroxidase– neurotoxins are harmful to parasites
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9
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10
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12
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•Organ- Liver•Pathology::- Fibrosis due to liver cirrhosis
•Precursor cells leading to fibrosis:- Fibroblasts
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14
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GIANT CELLS Foreign body Giant cell
TYPICAL LANGHAN’S CELL
HORSE SHOE SHAPED
Nucleus are arranged on the Periphery so the the infection doesNot spread further
TYPICAL FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELL
NUCLEUS ARE SCATTERED
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15
HPO
LPO
TYPICAL PLASMA CELL
CART/WHEEL SHAPE NUCLES
RUSSLE BODIES
SLIDE MADE FROM BLOOD TISSUE
PATHOLOGY:- MULTIPLE MYELOMA
PLASMA CELLS CONTINUE TO BE IN G-2 PHASE SO WE SEE SO MANY PLASMA CELLS IN BLOOD DURING THIS CODITION
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Thanking to the entire Universe