path preference and path geometry john zacharias, concordia university, montréal (québec) canada...
DESCRIPTION
The research questions: 2. Environmental content Are people primarily drawn to pathways and places with signs of human activity? ( Zacharias, J Path choice and visual stimuli: signs of human activity and architecture. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, ) Are people drawn to pathways and places with particular geometry?TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Path preference and path geometry
John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8
tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058e-mail: [email protected]
![Page 2: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The research questions:1. The cognitive map• Do pedestrians make path choices based on
cognition of the whole environment, or alternatively, are choices primarily made from information available locally?
• Do pedestrians tend to move straight ahead; for example, bisecting the environment?
• Do pedestrians choose pathways offering them more path options?
![Page 3: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The research questions:2. Environmental content• Are people primarily drawn to pathways
and places with signs of human activity?(Zacharias, J. 2001. Path choice and visual stimuli: signs of human activity and architecture. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 341-352)
• Are people drawn to pathways and places with particular geometry?
![Page 4: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Indoor city of Montréal (22 km corridors)
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Three intersections in Place Montréal-Trust, Montréal Indoor city
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The view down the corridor from the intersection
![Page 7: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Experiment I
• Participants (n=40) are recruited who do not know the Indoor city
• They are asked to freely explore the Indoor city and talk about what they see and why they are making path choices
• The choices are recorded by the research assistant who also records their travel account
![Page 8: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Experiment I continued
• A new group of participants (n=40) is recruited
• They sit individually in the lab and explore the same environment represented in virtual reality (VR)
• The VR is created using VR Authoring Studio while the choices are recorded manually by the research assistant
![Page 9: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Expressed preference for path choices
Table 4. Path choice motivation and agreementmotivation n %people 188 27store 186 27design 96 14light 77 11music 5 1smell 19 3path to new 69 10non-repeat 9 1avoid dead-end 9 1other 10 1
Motivation n %
People 188 27Store 186 27Design 96 14Light 77 11Path to new 69 10Smell 19 3Music 5 1Avoid repeated path9 1Avoid dead-end 9 1Other 10 1
(participants=40; n=668)
![Page 10: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Directional bias in navigation
Straight Left Rightn % n % n %
Real 371 38.1 268 27.5 286 29.3
VR 243 36.4 132 19.9 146 22.0
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Search for innovative experienceTotal %
Choose same path second timeReal environment 5 5.1VR environment 11 22.4
Choose different path second timeReal environment 93 94.9VR environment 38 77.6
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Aggregate distribution of paths selected by participants in the real environment (a) and the VR environment (b)
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Real vs VR exploration
•No difference in path choice is detectable between real and VR exploration11 intersections, 37 path choicesWilcoxon test: +T = 371.5; -T = 331.5; p = .47
•No difference in path choice is detectable in first path choices either10 intersections, 33 path choicesWilcoxon test: +T = 287.5; -T = 307.5; p = .39
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Boundary relations (BR)• For example, do people choose paths that
offer them more options for future path choices – e.g. more visible path choices?
• Boundary relations in Real: 214; VR: 166
• 1 < BR < 5; mean = 1.9
• Real: r = .071, p = .48; VR, r = -.046, p = .65.
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Experiment II
• To test the hypothesis that path preference is related to the visible geometry of the intersection, a hypothetical environment is created with different intersection configurations
• The 3D environment is created in Bryce and exported to VR Authoring Studio
• Participants are recruited to freely explore the VR environment for 20 individual path choices
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VR environment for path choice
study
![Page 17: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
VR exploration• Participants
navigate using a mouse and can advance into the hallway as well as select a pathway
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Aggregate choices at intersections
![Page 19: Path preference and path geometry John Zacharias, Concordia University, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3G 1M8 tel: 514-848-2424 ext 2058](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062504/5a4d1b1d7f8b9ab05999429f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Conclusions• Participants navigate in the VR with a
modest preference for straight-ahead choices
• No left- or right-hand bias is detected that is stronger than the straight-ahead bias
• No geometrical configuration resulting in a particular path preference can be detected (in this relatively small sample)